• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.107-121
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• 2020

Purpose: Shared mobility services are the most notable in the shared economy; however, they have yet to be activated in Korea due to various regulations and conflicts amongst stakeholders. Nevertheless, shared mobility has become an irresistible trend of the times, as it can cause a great deal of economic and environmental benefits. In this vein, the purpose of this study is to contribute to the revitalization of shared mobility services in Korea and to provide service providers with implications for developing consumer-oriented marketing strategies. Research design, data and methodology: Based on the reasons that the users do not use shared mobility service, the factors influencing the behaviors of shared mobility users are structured and analyzed in a reliable, technical and procedural manner. To this end, the theory of reasoned action (TRA) of Ajzen and Fisbbein, the initial trust model (ITM), task technology fit (TTF) and switching cost (SC) are adopted. A total of 202 questionnaires were collected from the respondents who were aware of shared mobility. Then statistical processing of the collected data used SmartPLS(v.3.2.8), a PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling) analysis program. The steps of the analysis are as follows. First, a PLS-Algorithm analysis was performed to evaluate the measurement model, and a Bootstraping and Blindfolding analysis was performed to evaluate the structural model and verify the hypotheses. Second, a multi-group analysis (PLS-MGA) was conducted to further analyze the differences depending on whether or not users experienced shared mobility service. Results: The results showed that initial trusts model (ITM) and task technology fit (TTF) have positive effects on users' behaviors through the mediation of the intention to use. As opposed to the assumption, switching costs did not have negative moderating effects in relation to the intention to use and users' behaviors. The influence of IT self-efficacy was significant, depending on the prior experience to use shared mobility services. Conclusions: This study will contribute to the revitalization of domestic shared mobility services and the formulation of service providers' marketing strategies. In future studies, there is a need to explore, reconstruct, and validate factors other than the impact factors of the shared mobility services used in this research model.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2007

Objective : Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty are two minimally invasive procedures for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the radiological findings and clinical outcomes between two procedures. Methods : Osteoporotic vertebral fractures were treated in 76 vertebrae, using kyphoplasty (n=35 vertebrae) and using vertebroplasty (n=41 vertebrae). Fractured vertebral bodies were diagnosed by correlating the clinical symptoms with radiologic study. The responses of pain symptoms were measured by a self-reported Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score. Plain X-rays were checked preoperatively and postoperatively at admission and 6 months. The vertebral body height and kyphotic angle were measured to assess the reduction of the sagittal alignment. Results : The mean pain scores were decreased significantly for both procedures postoperatively, but there were no significant differences between two groups. Kyphoplasty led to a significant reduction of the vertebral body height and improvement of kyphotic angle. There were no neurological deficits after kyphoplasty, but one patient experienced paraparesis after vertebroplasty. During the 6 months follow-up both procedures provided stabilization of the sagittal alignment. Conclusion : Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty are considered effective minimally invasive techniques for the stabilization of osteoporotic vertebral body fractures, leading to a statistically significant reduction in pain. Kyphoplasty significantly restore sagittal alignment. Also, complications and the incidence of bone cement leakage are significantly lesser than vertebroplasty. Therefore, kyphoplasty seems to be reasonable procedure for osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures when medical treatment fail.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.440-448
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the effects of a physical activity reinforcement program on exercise compliance, depression, and anxiety in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD) patients. Method: A nonequivalent control group with a pre-post test was designed. Data collection was done from December, 2002 to June, 2003 at a hoapital. The degree of depression and anxiety of the patients was assessed by the score of SCL-90-R, and exercise compliance was measured by exercise period, frequency, time and intensity. The experimental group was composed of 19 participants who were educated based on an exercise education protocol and carried out walking exercises two to four times a week after hearing verbal persuasion biweekly through the telephone or a face-to-face interview for 12 weeks, while 17 participants in control group received no intervention. Result: 1. The experimental group showed significant improvement in self-efficacy of exercise compliance (U=79.00, p=.01), exercise period ($x^2$=20.84, p=.00), exercise frequency ($x^2$=9.03, p=.0l), exercise time ($x^2$=9.03, p=.0l) and exercise intensity ($x^2$=11.09, p=.00) compared to those of the control group. 2. The experimental group showed a lower depression score (U=84.50, p=.01) than the results of the control group. 3. However, there were no changes in anxiety level compared to the control group. Conclusion: The physical activity reinforcement program was found to have an effect on exercise compliance and the depression score of CAPD patients. The results provided evidence for the importance of physical activity and verbal persuasion in CAPD patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.632-643
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to develop tool to evaluate the core competencies regarding nursing cancer patients on chemotherapy, and to verify the reliability and efficacy of the developed tool. Methods: A tool to evaluate the core competencies was developed from a preliminary tool consisting of 112 items verified by expert groups. The adequacy of the preliminary tool was analyzed and refined to the final evaluation tool containing 76 items in 8 core competencies and 18 specific competencies. The evaluation tool is in the form of a self-report, and each item is evaluated according to a 3-point scale. From September 22 to October 14, 2011, 349 survey responses were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and the WINSTEPS program that employs the Rasch model. Results: Results indicated that there were no inappropriate items and the items had low levels of difficulty in comparison with the knowledge levels of the study participants. The results of factor analysis yielded 18 factors, and the reliability of the tools was very high with Cronbach's ${\alpha}$=.97. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used for training and evaluation of core competencies for nursing cancer patients, and for standardizing nursing practices associated with chemotherapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.3983-3988
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• 2016

Background: Cervical cancer though preventable is still the leading cause of cancer death among women secondary to breast cancer. Persistent infection with HPV has been causally linked to the disease. A school based HPV vaccination program was introduced in late 2010 in Malaysia and nurse support is essential for its success. Objectives: To determine nurses knowledge and attitudes about HPV infection and its vaccines, and factors associated with their knowledge. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses working at primary health clinics in Kelantan from mid-June till the end of July 2014. Its involved 330 nurses selected through multistage random sampling. A validated self-administered questionnaire consisting of 11 items for the knowledge domain and eight items for the attitude domain was used. Results: The response rate of the study was 93.7%. The mean knowledge and mean attitude (SD) scores were 5.37 (1.76) and 29.8 (3.51) respectively. Only 24% knew that HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection and 67% correctly answered that Gardasil vaccine can protect against four types of HPV. Nearly 60% of participants wrongly answered that HPV vaccines cannot be offered to sexually active women. Likewise, 70.9% participants were not aware that HPV vaccine may be appropriate for females aged 9 through 26 years. Though 90% of participants believed that the vaccine is safe, nearly half of them were unsure about efficacy. From multiple linear regression analysis, among the factors tested only participant's level of education showed a statistically significant association with the HPV knowledge score (p <0.001). Conclusions: This study indicates nurses have favorable attitudes towards HPV vaccination; however they have significant knowledge deficit and major misunderstanding in critical knowledge items. Among the factors tested, nursing qualification is the only factor that is significantly associated with the nurses knowledge score.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.105-115
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• 2018

With the development of information and communication technologies, popularization of smart phones, and relaxation of the government regulation, mobile easy payment service is rapidly growing as a major financial service. Therefore, this study examines factors that influence the intention to use mobile easy payment service through empirical analysis. We collected 386 responses by survey and formed structural equation modeling with AMOS 22.0. The results show that technical factors(relative advantage, security), individual factor(self-efficacy), situational factors(trust in prior services and satisfaction of prior services) had a positive effect on the perceived value. In addition, perceived value had a positive effect on the intention to use mobile easy payment services. Lastly, subjective norms are closely related to the relationship between perceived value and intention to use mobile easy payment services. The results can be expected to provide useful references to the Fintech related industry fields.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.11-27
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the overall developmental characteristics of Korean children ages 0 to 8, and then explore specifically how children's social and emotional developmental levels are related to mothers' psychological states. This study was part of newly launched Boryung Baby Panel Study using web-based survey in 2011. The subjects were all mothers of 940 infants(0-2 years), 654 toddlers(3-5 years), and 484 school-age children(6-8 years) The mothers were asked to administer the web-based standardized developmental checklist for their child and fill out the questionnaires of psychological variables(life satisfaction, depression, parenting attitude, parenting efficacy, and parenting stress). The data was analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, and logistic regression for SPSS 20.0 windows. Major findings were as follows: 1. Infants(0 to 2) showed higher developmental level in cognition and fine motor skill domain compared to other domains. 2. Most toddlers(3 to 5) showed normal development in the most domain such as gross motor skill, fine motor skill, language, letter, number, self-help behavior. 3. In socio-emotional development domain, the ratio of risk or delay group were highest at both infant and toddler. 4. The 6-8 years old children that belong to risk group by the result of SDQ(emotion and behavior assessment) were also relatively high. 5. The relation of the children's socio-emotional developmental level and the mother's psychological variables were reciprocal. Based on these findings, the implications and the limitations of current study were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.155-163
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the mediating effect of confidence for drug calculation in the relationship between interest in medication and drug calculation competency using learning style. Methods: Participants in this study were 421 nursing students from Busan and Kyungnam province. The scales of learning style, interest in medication, importance of perception, confidence for drug calculation, and drug calculation competency for nursing students were used in this study. Descriptive statistics, $X^2$-test, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression were used for data analysis. Results: Learning styles of the participants were diverger 19.0%, accommodator 30.9%, converger 21.1%, and assimilator 29.0%. The drug dose calculation competency of participants was relatively low with a mean score 66.73. There were significant positive correlations among drug dose calculation competency, interest in medication (r=.31, p<.001), and confidence for drug calculation (r=.44, p<.001). Confidence for drug calculation was a moderator between interests in medication and drug calculation competency. Conclusion: Based on the result of this study, confidence for drug calculation promoting strategy such as medication reconciliation and various learning technology for improving drug calculation competency are needed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a topical herbal gel application for the treatment of chronic shoulder pain. Methods : We compared the effects of Dapureo gel, which contains several herbal medicines known to improve shoulder pain, with those of placebo gel by double-blind method. 30 participants were randomized - 15 were assigned to treatment group and the other 15 were assigned to control group. Either Dapureo gel(treatment group) or placebo gel(control group) was applied topically by themselves, once a day for 2 weeks. Primary outcome was daily visual analogue scale(VAS) changes for shoulder pain which was self-reported for 2 weeks. Secondary outcome was the difference in the total shoulder pain and disability index(SPADI) which was measured at a baseline and 2 weeks after the treatment. Results : Primary outcome: Subjects of treatment group showed statistically significant improvement in VAS compared to control subjects continuously from the second day(p <0.05) to the fifteenth day(p <0.001). The treatment group showed 31% of pain reduction on the fifteenth day, while the control group showed only 7%. Secondary outcome: In terms of SPADI changes, the treatment group showed improvement compared to the control group(p <0.01). Conclusions : These results suggest that the topical herbal gel treatment used in this study is effective in improving chronic shoulder pain.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.63-72
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is finding factors affecting the decision of Web-based learning system (Edunet) use and searching for ways to diffuse Edunet use. Based on the diffusion of innovations theory and the results of the previous studies about web-based instruction, seven predictors influencing the decision of Edunet use were extracted. Seven variables as the followings; (1) perceived attributes of innovation (Relative Advantage, Compatibility, Complexity) (2) Innovativeness (3) Self-efficacy (4) Subjective Norm (5) Support. The participants were 315, 5-6th grade elementary school students, and the questionnaire was 20-item with 7-point Likert scales. To analyze the collected data and test the hypothesis, binary logistic regression was employed. The result indicated that the fitness of regression model including seven decision factors was proved. In addition, two factors, subjective norm and support, were identified as the important decision factors of Edunet use.