• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.222-227
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• 2002

Squalene synthase catalyzes the reductive dimerization of two molecules of farnesyl diphosphate to form squalene at the final branch point of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. Due to the unique position of this enzyme in the pathway, its inhibitors may have advantages as antihypercholesterolemic agents. Therefore, selective inhibitors of squalene synthase do not prevent the formation of the essential branch products of the isoprene pathway, such as dolichol, coenzyme-Q, and prenylated proteins, as might be expected for inhibitors of enzymes earlier in the pathway; for example, lovastatin and mevalotin. The current study reports that CJ90002, a pentagalloylglucose isolated from Paeonia moutan SIM (Paeoniaceae), which is an important Chinese crude drug used in many traditional prescriptions, was a potent inhibitor of rat microsomal squalene synthase, and also a potent inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis in vitro. In addition, the intraperitoneal and oral administration of CJ90002 had a significant lowering effect on plasma cholesterol levels in hamsters.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.612-619
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• 2003

In this study, we evaluated the effects of oral administration of DA-8159, a selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, on the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) induced by monocrotaline (MCT). Rats were administered either MCT (60 mg/kg) or saline. MCT-treated rats were divided into three groups and received orally administered vehicle, or 1 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg of DA-8159, twice a day for twenty-one days. The MCT group demonstrated increased right ventricular weights, medial wall thickening in the pulmonary arteries, myocardial fibrosis and the level of plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), along with decreased body weight gains. However, DA-8159 markedly and dose-dependently reduced the development of right ventricular hypertrophy and medial wall thickening. DA-8159 also amplified the increase in plasma cGMP level and significantly increased the level of lung cGMP, compared with the MCT group. Although the body weight gain was still lower from the saline-treated control group, DA-8159 demonstrated a significant increase in body weight gains, in both 1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg groups, when compared with the MCT group. In myocardial morphology, MCT-induced myocardial fibrosis was markedly prevented by DA-8159. These results suggest that DA-8159 may be a useful oral treatment option for PH.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.231-242
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• 2022

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ), which is a synapse for signal transmission from motor neurons to muscle cells, has emerged as an important region because of its association with several peripheral neuropathies. In particular, mutations in GARS that affect the formation of NMJ result in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and distal hereditary motor neuropathy. These disorders are mainly considered to be caused by neuronal axon abnormalities; however, no treatment is currently available. Therefore, in order to determine whether the NMJ could be targeted to treat neurodegenerative disorders, we investigated the NMJ recovery effect of HDAC6 inhibitors, which have been used in the treatment of several peripheral neuropathies. In the present study, we demonstrated that HDAC6 inhibition was sufficient to enhance movement by restoring NMJ impairments observed in a zebrafish disease model. We found that CKD-504, a novel HDAC6 inhibitor, was effective in repairing NMJ defects, suggesting that treatment of neurodegenerative diseases via NMJ targeting is possible.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.168-178
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• 1997

The serotonin has been known to play important roles in pathology of the mood disorders. We summerize the evidences of serotonin in pathology of the mood disroders in a view of neuroanatomical and neurochemical aspects. Nowaday, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs) may be practically the first line of antidepressants with traditional tricyclic antidepressants(TCAs). Authors review the role of serotonin in the treatment of the mood disorders, in a view of the general considerations in selecting antidepressants, pharmacology, therapeutic indications, side effects, doses of medication, drug-discontinuation syndrome, drug-to-drug interactions, and special therapeutic situations.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.272-278
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• 2000

The antiinflammatory mechanism of NSAIDs is attributed to the reduction of prostaglandin synthesis by the direct inhibition of cyclooxygenase. Inhibition of prostaglandin production in organs such as stomach and kidney can result in gastric lesions, nephrotoxicity and increased bleeding. In this study, newly designed COX-2 inhibitors, synthesized 1,2-benzothiazine derivatives, were screened in vitro for selectivity of COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition properties. Lead compounds in the structure-activity relationship were studied to synthesize new highly selective COX-2 inhibitors.13 determine inhibitory effect of COX-2, synthesized 1,2-benzothiazine derivatives were screened with accumulation of prostaglandin by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in aspirin-treated macrophages and murine macropharge cell. Some of synthesized 1,2-benzothiazine derivatives were shown to be effective as selective COX-2 inhibitory activity. Others exhibited a preferential inhibition of COX-2, although some COX-1 inhibitory activity was still present. As a conclusion, simple monomer derivatives were more active than dimer derivatives. Substitution of halogen (Br, C1) on the benzothiazine nucleus slightly enhanced inhibition activity.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 2015

c-Jun N-terminal kinase-3 (JNK3) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family (MAPK), and plays an important role in neurological disorders. Therefore, identification of selective JNK3 inhibitor may contribute towards neuroprotection therapies. In this work, we performed hologram quantitative structure-activity relationship (HQSAR) on a series of thiophene trisubstituted derivatives. The best predictions were obtained for HQSAR model with $q^2=0.628$ and $r^2=0.986$. Statistical parameters from the generated QSAR models indicated the data is well fitted and have high predictive ability. HQSAR result showed that atom, bond and chirality descriptors play an important role in JNK3 activity and also shows that electronegative groups is highly favourble to enhance the biological activity. Our results could be useful to design novel and selective JNK3 inhibitors.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.2626-2630
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• 2009

2'($\beta$)-Hydroxymethylated adenosine is a potent and selective inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. It targets the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of HCV, NS5B. Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of carbocyclic versions are described. The cyclopentene intermediate ($9\beta$) was successfully synthesized through sequential Johnson-Claisen orthoester rearrangement and ring-closing metathesis (RCM). Coupling of bases via a Pd(0) catalyst, selective dihydroxylation, and desilylation yielded the target nucleoside analogues. The compounds 17 and 18 were assayed for their ability to inhibit HCV RNA replication in a subgenomic replicon Huh7 cell line and showed moderate antiviral activity with toxicity up to 20.0 and 24.7 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.1487-1493
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• 2013

Based on the finding that the 2-aminobenzamido group of MS-275 plays a crucial role in inhibiting HDACs through chelation of zinc existing at the active site of HDAC enzymes, novel N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)arylsulfonamide derivatives were synthesized for their potential ability to inhibit HDACs and evaluated for anticancer activity against human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Although the synthesized arylsulfonamides have failed to significantly inhibit total HDACs activity, phenyl carbamate-linked arylsulfonamide 10 and benzyl thiocarbamate-linked arylsulfonamide 15 exhibited good anticancer activities, which were only 4.3- and 3.6-fold lower anticancer activities, respectively, than MS-275 that is undergoing phase II clinical trials. These results suggest that these compounds may act as a selective HDAC inhibitor and probably N-(2-hydroxyphenyl) sulfamoyl group may play an important role in interacting with HDAC enzymes through chelation of zinc ion.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.227.1-227.1
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• 2002

Cyclooxygenase (Cox-2) is involved in tumorigenesis. hence. considered to be a molecular target for chemoprevention and chemomodulation. Selective Cox-2 inhibitors including Celecoxib and Nimesulide have been studied for their anticancer activity when given alone and in combination with radiation or cytotoxic agents. In this study, we synthesized more than 140 analogues of Celecoxib and Nimesulide. and evaluated their inhibitory effects on Cox-l and Cox-2 activity as well as cytotoxicity in order to find promising anticancer agents having selective Cox-2 inhibitory effect. (omitted)

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.156-168
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• 2023

The semiconductor industry faces physical limitations due to its top-down manufacturing processes. High cost of EUV equipment, time loss during tens or hundreds of photolithography steps, overlay, etch process errors, and contamination issues owing to photolithography still exist and may become more serious with the miniaturization of semiconductor devices. Therefore, a bottom-up approach is required to overcome these issues. The key technology that enables bottom-up semiconductor manufacturing is area-selective atomic layer deposition (ASALD). Here, various ASALD processes for elemental metals, such as Co, Cu, Ir, Ni, Pt, and Ru, are reviewed. Surface treatments using chemical species, such as self-assembled monolayers and small-molecule inhibitors, to control the hydrophilicity of the surface have been introduced. Finally, we discuss the future applications of metal ASALD processes.