• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.473-485
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• 2021

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), which is associated with an extensive range of clinical and radiological presentations, is the one of the most challenging spinal disorders. The goals of surgery are to correct the deformity in 3 dimensions and to preserve motion segments while avoiding complications. Despite the ongoing evolution of classification systems and algorithms for the surgical treatment of AIS, there has been considerable debate regarding the selection of an appropriate fusion level in AIS. In addition, there is no consensus regarding the exact description, relationship, and risk factors of coronal decompensation following selective fusion. In this review, we summarize the current concepts of selection of the fusion level for AIS and review the available information about postoperative coronal decompensation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.10-20
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• 2022

Recently, metal additive manufacturing (AM) is being investigated as a new manufacturing technology. In metal AM, powder bed fusion (PBF) is a promising technology that can be used to manufacture small and complex metallic components by selectively fusing each powder layer using an energy source such as laser or an electron beam. PBF includes selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM). SLM uses high power-density laser to melt and fuse metal powders. EBM is similar to SLM but melts metals using an electron beam. When these processes are applied, the mechanical properties and microstructures change due to the many parameters involved. Therefore, this study is conducted to investigate the effects of the parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructures such that the processes can be performed more economically and efficiently.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.779-780
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• 2011

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 1990

Brevibacterium lactofermentum SWA (arg trp) and B. lactofermentum SWB (met ser) were obtained from UV and NTG treatment. The rates of protoplast formation by B. lactofermentum SWA and SWB were 99.93% and 99.98%, respectively when each strain was treated with penicillin G in mid exponential growth phase, followed by incubation with 400 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of lysozyme in lysis fluid supplemented with 0.4M sucrose. Frequencies of protoplast regeneration in B. lactofermentum SWA and B. lactofermentum SWB were 9.27% and 10.32% respectively, on regeneration medium containing 0.5M sodium succinate, 50 mM $Mg^{2+}$, and 3% PVP. In intraspecific protoplast fusion between B. lactofermentum SWA and B. lactofermentum SWB, fusion frequency of $2.30\times 10^{-5}$ was observed by using the 100mM $CaCl_{2}$ and 30% PEG 6,000 in fusion fluid. Relative recombinant frequencies in each marker by means of selective media could be used for genetic analysis.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-51
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• 2021

Selective laser melting (SLM), one of the most widely used powder bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) technology, enables the fabrication of customized metallic parts with complex geometry by layer-by-layer fashion. However, SLM inherently poses several problems such as the discontinuities in the molten track and the steep temperature gradient resulting in a high degree of residual stress. To avoid such defects, thisstudy proposes a temperature thread multiscale model of SLM for the evaluation of the process at different scales. In microscale melt pool analysis, the laser beam parameters were evaluated based on the predicted melt pool morphology to check for lack-of-fusion or keyhole defects. The analysis results at microscale were then used to build an equivalent body heat flux model to obtain the residual stress distribution and the part distortions at the macroscale (part level). To identify the source of uneven heat dissipation, a liquid lifetime contour at macroscale was investigated. The predicted distortion was also experimentally validated showing a good agreement with the experimental measurement.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.58-73
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• 2014

As is well known, cooperative sensing can significantly improve the sensing accuracy as compared to local sensing in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). However, a large number of cooperative secondary users (SUs) reporting their local detection results to the fusion center (FC) would cause much overhead, such as sensing delay and energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a fast cooperative sensing scheme, called double threshold fusion (DTF), to reduce the sensing overhead while satisfying a given sensing accuracy requirement. In DTF, FC respectively compares the number of successfully received local decisions and that of failed receptions with two different thresholds to make a final decision in each reporting sub-slot during a sensing process, where cooperative SUs sequentially report their local decisions in a selective fashion to reduce the reporting overhead. By jointly considering sequential detection and selective reporting techniques in DTF, the overhead of cooperative sensing can be significantly reduced. Besides, we study the performance optimization problems with different objectives for DTF and develop three optimum fusion rules accordingly. Simulation results reveal that DTF shows evident performance gains over an existing scheme.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 1993

In order to develop a novel yeast which produces the charateristic aroma of soy sauce, a protoplast fusion between Zygosaccharomyces rouxii WFS4 and Torulopsis versatilis IAM 4993 was carried out. Auxotrophic mutants as selective markers were obtained from Zygosaccharomyces rouxii and Torulopsis versatilis by treatment of N-methyl-N -nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. The conditions of the protoplast formation and the regeneration for fusion were examined. The protoplast fusion using polyethylene glycol 4000 led to the fusion frequency of $4~5{\times}10^{-7}\;cells/ml$. Among fusants, a fusant ST723-F31 presented the best results in terms of the aromaticity of fragrance, the growth pattern, the resistance against salt and the degree of growth according to pH. It makes easy to control the production and the balance of aroma components so that it gives a good flavor, shortens the fermentation period and, simplifies the preparation process when using a bioreactor into which fusant is immobilized.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 1997

It was well known that arthrodesis of the tarsal joint is an exellent procedure to correct the flatfoot deformity for relieving pain. Recently, concept of the selective tarsal joint fusion instead of the triple fusion was developedto preserve the joint motion. To investigate and compare the effect of the each different tarsal fusion, we measured the strain at the spring ligament, medial roof of the medial longitudianl arch. Five fresh frozen cadevar foot specimens, with distal half of the tibia were utilized. The superomedial portion of the spring ligament complex was dissected from the origin to the insertion. For each specimen, a calibrated open liquid metal strain guage was secured along the length of the superomedial portion. Under the specially devised test rig, measurement of the strain was taken at each test condition from the tare weight 18.2 lb followed by 38.2 lb., 82.2 lb and a maximum loads of 134.6 lb. : 1) unfused condition, 2) isolated subtalar fusion 3) isolated talonavicular fusion 4) combined subtalar and talonavicular fusion 5) triple fusion. Statistics showed that siginificant reduction in strain following the triple fusion, and from the subtalar fusion to triple fusion.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.645-649
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• 2010

An efficient synthetic method of Z-selective 3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-halo-1,3-dienes and 3-vinyl-2-halo-1,3-dienes was developed from the reaction of allenols having ethoxycarbonyl and vinyl group with indium trihalides at room temperature in $CH_2Cl_2$.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.298-304
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• 1988

Antibiotic resistance plasmids (RP4, pMG1, R679 and R91-5) were used as primary selective markers to detect the fusants in Pseudomonas spp. By using plasmid marker, clones containing both plasmids of parental strains were obtained as fusants by direct selection. The spheroplast fusion was occured not only between strains of interspecies, but also between strains of intergenus such as Pseudomonas and E. coli. The frequencies of fusant formation were variable from $2.8\times 10^{-1}$ to $6.0\times 10^{-4}$ -4/. In addition, chromosomal recombinants were formed among the clones with both parental plasmids in frequencies of 0.44-1.3%. The fusant formation frequency between interspecies of intraspecies was not different markedly, but stability of plasmids in fusants correlated with the phylogenic smilarity of the parental strains.