• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 2003

This paper shows alternative route search and preference route search for the traffic route search, and proposes the use of the fuzzy non-additive controller by the application of AHP(analytic hierarchy process). It is different from classical route search and notices thinking method of human. Appraisal element, weight of route is extracted from basic of the opinion gathering for the driving expert and example of route model was used for the finding of practice utility. Model evaluation was performed attribute membership function making of estimate element, estimate value setting, weight define by the AHP, non additive presentation of weight according to $\lambda$-fuzzy measure and Choquet fuzzy integral. Finally, alternative route search was possible to real time traffic route search for the well variable traffic environment, and preference route search showed reflection of traffic route search disposition for the driver individual. This paper has five important meaning. (1)The approach is similar to the driver's route selection decision process. (2)The approach is able to control of route appraisal criteria for the multiple attribute. (3)The approach makes subjective judgement objective by a non additive. (4)The approach shows dynamic route search for the alternative route search. (5)The approach is able to consider characteristics of individual drivers attributed for the preference route search.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.319-325
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• 2014

A lot of Pond Wetland (Palustrine Wetland) are distributed in agricultural landscapes, Korea. These wetlands are evaluated as important resources for conservation of biodiversity. However, the study of Pond Wetland is rarely conducted except type classification in Korea. In this study, the function of pond wetland as ecosystem services is studied for conservation and utilization of wetland. Research was conducted in three steps; functionality analysis, functionality derivation, and importance analysis. A total of 22 features were derived by analyzing the previous studies. As a result of expert survey, 4 features were selected by each in the field of biological, environmental, and socio-culture among the 22 features. Importance was calculated by conducting a cross-functional features using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Finally, 10 ecosystem service functions of pond wetland were derived through expert survey; (1) Water Storage & Irrigation, (2) Vegetation Diversity, (3) Amphibian & Reptile Habitat, (4) Water Purification, (5) Aquatic Insect Habitat, (6) Nutriments Control was derived, (7) Groundwater Recharge, (8) Fishery Habitat, (9) Eco-Experience & Education, and (10) Aesthetic landscape. It is expected that this study is able to utilize in evaluation of pond wetlands ecosystem services by further study on analysis of functional importance and economic value index.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.292-299
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• 2012

GC/MS has been utilized for many applications due to great resolution and reproducibility, which made it possible to build up the database of mass spectrum, while HS-SPME has the advantage of solventfree extraction of volatile compounds. The combination of these two methods, HS-SPME GC/MS, enabled many scientific applications with various possibilities. In this study, the analysis of trail pheromone excreted from live Camponotus japonicus with the feature of solvent-free extraction was carried out and the optimization for this analysis was performed. The major compounds detected were n-decane, n-undecane, and n-tridecane. Optimization for the best detection of these hydrocarbons was processed in the point of SPME parameter (selection of fiber, extraction temperature, extraction time, etc.). The advantage of the analysis of live sample is to analyze phenomenon right after it is excreted by ants. But the experimental process has restriction of extraction temperature and time because of the analysis of live ants. Establishing the process of HS-SPME GC/MS applied to live samples shown in this study can be a breakthrough for the ecofriendly and ethical research of live things.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.5-5
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• 1999

The Principal deficiency of the existing notion about the sintering-mixtures consists in the fact that almost no attention is focused on the Phenomenon of alloy formation during sintering, its connection with dimensional changes of powder bodies, and no correct ideas on the driving force for the sintering process in the stage of establishing chemical equilibrium in a system are available as well. Another disadvantage of the classical sintering theory is an erroneous conception on the dissolution mechanism of solid in liquid. The two-particle model widely used in the literature to describe the sintering phenomenon in solid state disregards the nature of the neighbouring surrounding particles, the presence of pores between them, and the rise of so called arch effect. In this presentation, new basic scientific principles of the driving forces for the sintering process of a two-component powder body, of a diffusion mechanism of the interaction between solid and liquid phases, of stresses and deformation arising in the diffusion zone have been developed. The major driving force for sintering the mixture from components capable of forming solid solutions and intermetallic compounds is attributed to the alloy formation rather than the reduction of the free surface area until the chemical equilibrium is achieved in a system. The lecture considers a multiparticle model of the mixed powder-body and the nature of its volume changes during solid-state and liquid-phase sintering. It explains the discovered S-and V-type concentration dependencies of the change in the compact volume during solid-state sintering. It is supposed in the literature that the dissolution of solid in liquid is realised due to the removal of atoms from the surface of the solid phase into the melt and then their diffusicn transfer from the solid-liquid interface into the bulk of liquid. It has been shown in our experimental studies that the mechanism of the interaction between two components, one of them being liquid, consist in diffusion of the solvent atoms from the liquid into the solid phase until the concentration of solid solutions or an intermetallic compound in the surface layer enables them to pass into the liquid by means of melting. The lecture discusses peculimities of liquid phase formation in systems with intermediate compounds and the role of the liquid phase in bringing about the exothermic effect. At the frist stage of liquid phase sintering the diffusion of atoms from the melt into the solid causes the powder body to grow. At the second stage the diminution of particles in size as a result of their dissolution in the liquid draws their centres closer to each other and makes the compact to shrink Analytical equations were derived to describe quantitatively the porosity and volume changes of compacts as a result of alloy formation during liquid phase sinteIing. Selection criteria for an additive, its concentration and the temperature regime of sintering to control the density the structure of sintered alloys are given.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.752-757
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• 2016

Machine to Machine (M2M) communications is communications between a business application and devices via a communication network without any direct human interaction. The aim of our research is to connect any M2M device with an M2M AS (Application server) through an IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) Network Core using a M2M Gateway, in order to develop an M2M Horizontal Services Platform over IMS. An IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is an architectural framework defined by the wireless standards body of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for delivering IP multimedia services to mobile users. This paper shows the design and implementation of a Horizontal M2M Network Services Platform over an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) using the Message Session Relay Protocol (MSRP). We summarize the protocols and architectures that formed the basis for the creation of our architecture. We provide a detailed description of our architecture design, describing the call flow of the proposed architecture and the entities operating in each process. We also describe the design and implementation process detailing the different tools used, explaining the selection of each component and its importance; also how we designed and implemented the M2M gateway, M2M Application Server, Open IMS Core, business application and M2M devices.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.4863-4873
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• 2014

The Korean construction industry has played a major role among all industries despite its relative small ratio of all. The global economic crisis, however, has adversely affected the construction industry. Therefore, the Korean government implemented a corporate restructuring process to ensure the stability of the financial market. The selection standard on workout enterprises by the government is based on two perspectives: (1) external factors, including macroeconomic indices and (2) internal factors, including financial statements of private enterprises. On the other hand, if considering the characteristics of the construction industry, a certain construction company may not be evaluated only by its financial statements. In other words, a valuation process that utilizes the financial statements only can be concluded to be irrational. Accordingly, this study aims to provide the valuation model, which embraces the characteristics of workout firms, and determines their implications. To accomplish this, each enterprise valuation was measured using DCF and Black Scholes models, and by comparing such results with their market value, each enterprise was determined to be either under or over-valued. The results of this study verified that the valuations of 2 workout companies (out of 4) showed a higher value than the market value.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.35-46
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• 2017

Recently, attackers using malicious code in cyber security have been increased by attaching malicious code to a mail and inducing the user to execute it. Especially, it is dangerous because it is easy to execute by attaching a document type file. The author analysis is a research area that is being studied in NLP (Neutral Language Process) and text mining, and it studies methods of analyzing authors by analyzing text sentences, texts, and documents in a specific language. In case of attack mail, it is created by the attacker. Therefore, by analyzing the contents of the mail and the attached document file and identifying the corresponding author, it is possible to discover more distinctive features from the normal mail and improve the detection accuracy. In this pager, we proposed IADA2(Intelligent Attack mail Detection based on Authorship Analysis) model for attack mail detection. The feature vector that can classify and detect attack mail from the features used in the existing machine learning based spam detection model and the features used in the author analysis of the document and the IADA2 detection model. We have improved the detection models of attack mails by simply detecting term features and extracted features that reflect the sequence characteristics of words by applying n-grams. Result of experiment show that the proposed method improves performance according to feature combinations, feature selection techniques, and appropriate models.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.488-498
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• 2015

Form the observation that the successful management and operation of university websites brings about university branding effects, this paper attempts to identify the problems in relation to evaluation elements of university homepages and establish a new evaluation model that allows us to grasp the importance and priority of phased evaluation elements. In particular, we tried to secure the objectivity of the importance of department homepage evaluation elements by using AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process). Our analysis shows that among 29 evaluation elements of department homepage, mobile service, curriculum, description of department's characteristics, guide to homepage usage/accessibility to site map and differentiated educational method were considered to be relatively important whereas the relative importance of department's slogan, differentiated image and identity, linkage to SNS, Q&A bulletin board, operation of department community, and FAQ was low. Based on the findings from our analysis, we present the basic foundation for successful management and operation of university department homepages along with a few suggestions for vitalizing those hompages.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.39-50
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• 2014

The goal of this work is to develop a framework of methods to entirely evaluate effects of LID (Low Impact Development) on soil-groundwater environmental quality as well as land-scape and ecological factors. For this study, we conducted an extensive literature review. As outcomes, soil-groundwater environmental quality is newly conceptualized as a comprehensive index reflecting (i) groundwater pollution sensitivity (hydrogeological factor), (ii) biochemical contamination, and (iii) biodegradability. The methods of classifying and indexing is shown by combining selection of the items to be measured for soil-groundwater environmental quality and integrating the resulted items comprehensively. In addition, from soil-groundwater environmental quality, land-scape and ecological factors in existing environmental impact assessment a method was developed an overall index which can evaluate effects to environment by using GIS (Geographic Information System) and AHP (Analytic Hierachy Process). For optimizing LID planning, designing and post-evaluation, LCIA (Life Cycle Impact Assessment) was regarded as an appropriate method.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.56-70
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• 2020

This study identifies the impact of social network service (SNS) on the spatial characteristics of retail stores locations in the hyper-connected society, which have been closely related to the everyday lives of urban residents. In particular, we focus on the changes in the spatial distribution of restaurants since the information retrieval process was added to the decision-making process of a consumer's restaurant selection. Empirically, we analyze restaurants in Seoul, Korea since the smart-phone was introduced. By applying the kernel density estimation and Moran's I index, we examine the changes in the spatial distribution pattern of restaurants during the last ten years for running, newly-open and closed restaurants as well as SNS popular ones. Finally, we develop a spatial regression model to identify geographic features affecting their locations. As the results, we identified geographical variables and online factors that influence the location of restaurants. The results of this study could provide important groundwork for food and beverage location planning and policy formulation.