• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 2010

To analyze our country's education program for flower decoration and occupational satisfaction of florist, 60 present florists and 60 applicants were surveyed. To investigate satisfaction of florist, the questionnaire items consisted of satisfaction for occupation etc. experienced by attendants, contents of related education, recognition from society, social treatment. And this study analyzed followings : considerations to select occupation, satisfaction on job of person who majored in related subject and non- person without such an educational background, satisfaction on present occupation, satisfaction on education period, significance of florist ability, significance of requirements for occupational development. The points which present florists and applicants consider as important were aptitude for gardening and prospect. From the analysis by major of florists, majored persons had more satisfaction than non-majored persons but there was no statistically significant difference between them. From the analysis by applicant, as in present florists, majored persons had more satisfaction than non-majored persons. For the satisfaction by career and education period of present florists and applicants, the satisfaction on education related to flower decoration or learning experiences and lecturer's teaching method showed that the lower the career is, the less the satisfaction is. Seeing the result by education period of applicants, the satisfaction on job was similar each other regardless of education period. For difference in recognition on ability by major of present florists and applicants, the result of analysis by major of present florists showed that majored persons considered the ability more important comparing to non-majored persons in the fields of gardening and making decorations. In the other hand, in the fields of quality maintenance, flower decoration, and flower distribution and management, there was no significance difference between majored and non-majored persons about the recognition of ability. The result of analysis by major of applicants showed that majored persons considered the ability more important comparing to non-majored persons in the fields of gardening, flower decoration, making decorations, flower distribution and management. For the significance of quality maintenance, majored persons wholly considered the significance more important comparing to non-majored persons but there was no significant difference. Based on the results of this study, in working as a florist, persons who majored in flower decoration had more occupational satisfaction than non-majored persons. And among the contents of education, the education related to gardening was recognized as most important. But at present the systematic and special education programs to cultivate professional florists are deficient. Therefore it is suggested that courses based on systematic educational contents which integrate theory and practice are needed to solve education problem related to flower decoration in this rapidly changing society.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.99-111
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to identify the change of geographical (or geomorphological) location environment of the dwelling site and its cause in Daejon Basin during transition from the Bronze Age to the Proto Three Kingdoms Period. In order to achieve this goal, it was divided into (1) 'comparison of the total number of dwelling sites of a group of remains (or high-density dwelling remains)' and (2) 'comparison of the total number of dwelling sites in certain remains including locations of dwelling of two periods' and location environment was compared to each other in aspects of altitude, gradient, 'distance from the river of water available for use' and 'the difference between the highest altitude and lowest altitude of river bed of water available for use' based on change of period. The results were as follows: 1. looking at a change of individual factors, the altitude was elevated and the gradient was increased. The distance from the river of water available for use was decreased or increased in case of 'small scale river' and it was very little difference or increased in case of 'medium scale river'. The difference between the highest altitude and lowest altitude of river bed of water available for use was increased in case of 'small scale river' and it was increased or decreased in case of 'medium scale river'. If comparing the individual factors to each other, the increase and decrease of altitude, gradient and the difference between the highest altitude and lowest altitude of river bed of water available for use have the similar pattern. Especially, it was shown that the increase of gradient affected the increase of altitude and the difference between the highest altitude and lowest altitude of river bed of water available for use. In addition, it was shown that the increase and decrease of distance from the river of water available for use had the different pattern from those of altitude, gradient and 'the difference between the highest altitude and lowest altitude of river bed of water available for use'. 3. With above results, it was thought that combination of micro landform characteristics (eg. Characteristics of gradient) of low hills distributed within Daejeon Basin and rich aquatic environment surrounding the low hills affected the selection of location of dwelling sites at the time. Especially, it was shown that 'gradient and distance from the river of water available for use' were relatively more important factors for the inhabitants at the time to select the location of dwelling sites compared to 'altitude and difference between the highest altitude and lowest altitude of river bed of water available for use' upon selecting the location of dwelling.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.32
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• pp.159-191
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• 2016

This paper describes the procedure of recreating the classics which introduced in author's lecture on "Classics and Creation." The work and result of this paper is based on the activities in the Korean language and literature lecture which the author was leading at university A in Seoul in 2014. This paper aims to identify aspects of introspection that college students underwent during the procedure of recreating. The subjects for analysis were the works created by college students participating in the class through three presentations. In section 2, it is discussed three major issues regarding the process of recreating classics. One is "presentation of the background for the selection of the work to recreate and the way of implementation". Second is "analysis of the original works and case studies on recreated works". Third is "recreation of works and meta writing". Those activities were conducted as part of the lecture. In section 3, it is investigated that the pattern of introspection of college students. It focused on analyzing the attitudes of the students toward life based on their selection, analysis, and recreation of classic works. Moreover, their self-assessment of the recreated works was examined as well. It is noted that the attitudes and tendency of students when faced with problems if any. While the students in the class selected diverse works for recreating, this paper compared and analyzed the works and introspective aspects of two students who recreated Simcheongjeon. Therefore, aspects of creativity could be identified based on the pattern of their recreation, which participants subtly describe the relationship with their father in recreated works. In accordance with the analysis, it is required to select more works for an effective class on recreation of classic literature and investigate a more systematic and diverse methodology for doing so. However, since the class for recreation of classic literature uses the narrative of the original work, it would reduce the burden on creation. In addition, it is possible to scrutinize in-depth problems of participant's general issue in life by using classic literature as a medium for introspection. Moreover, it was identified that a public presentation of these works enabled exploring self-narration on more objective aspects and collecting feedback from others.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.176-184
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• 2019

The rice variety Chucheongbyeo is mostly cultivated for organic farming in the central region of Korea. This variety is more delicate than the recently developed varieties in rice yield, quality, and pest resistance, and is therefore, not suitable for organic farming. This study was conducted to select suitable varieties for organic rice farming in the central plain area of Korea. We tested 15 different varieties in the organic paddy field of Cheongju city from 2011 to 2013. As the experimental field had good fertility because it had been organically managed for many years, culm length and number of panicles developed better than the varietal characteristics. Daebo, Chinnong and Hyeonpum had slightly lower ripened grain ratio than Chucheongbyeo. The milled rice yield of Samkwang, Sukwang, Haiami, Cheonghaejinmi and Daebo increased by 9-18% compared to that of Chucheongbyeo. The protein content was under 7% for Cheongnam, Sukwang, Daebo, Samkwang, Hyeonpum, Chinnong, Chilbo, Hopyung, Hwangkeumnuri, Suryeojinmi and Jinsumi and under 6% for Sukwang and Samkwang. The whiteness was over 40 in Sukwang, Daebo, Samkwang and Jinsumi. The palatability grade and head rice ratio were good in Daebo, Sukwang, Samkwang and Jinsumi. Therefore, this study recommended Samkwang, Daebo, and Jinsumi as the optimal varieties for organic rice farming in the central plain area of Korea. These varieties could replace Chucheongbyeo, which is inferior to the recently developed varieties in terms of disease and pest resistance and yielding performance.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.423-432
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• 2019

In order to select potential plant resources as functional materials and natural antioxidants, we evaluated antioxidant activity and serotonin derivatives of safflower germplasm collected from five countries. N-(p-Coumaroyl) serotonin (CS) and N-feruloylserotonin (FS) were analyzed by using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). Total polyphenol content (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activities were estimated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Reducing power (RP) assays. The TPC showed a range of 28.25 to $90.53{\mu}g$ gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/mg dried extract (DE). DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and RP assay were in the range of 18.76 to 93.98, 48.91 to 163.73, 3.80 to 132.29 and 26.32 to $80.08{\mu}g$ ascorbic acid equivalent (ASCE)/mg DE, respectively. Among the five countries, safflower seed collected from Iran had the highest levels of serotonin derivatives and antioxidant activities than other countries (p<0.05). CS showed high correlation with TPC, ABTS and DPPH (r=0.673,0.727,0.820), and FS showed high correlation with DPPH (r=0.740). Accessions IT321214 and IT321215 could be useful for development of new functional materials and could be used as a source of valuable natural antioxidant materials.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2002

We screened biotic and abiotic preventative,i(preventers) from natural resources to prevent the rusty phenomenon in ginseng roots. To select preventatives(preventers), soil microbes such as Agrobacterium and certain microbes isolated from the rusty ginsengs and the soil in which the rusty ginsengs were planted and used. It is also performed with germination tests of the seeds of Latuca Sativa L. We identified that how selected preventatives(preventers) effect the germination of ginseng seeds. Furthermore, how these influence on the rusty phenomenon and the growth of 1 -year-old ginsengs treated in the pavement. The final preventatives; ICPE-C1$\sub$05/, ICPE-P$\^$107/ were effective in not only the growth of ginseng, but also inhibition of the rusty phenomenon. Moreover, we selected abiotic soil improvers; called P, R, and W, respectively; to promote the effects of preventatives. R and W was excellented among choring improvers. The germination rate of 2-year-old ginsengs treated with ICPE-C$\sub$105/P, and ICPE-P$\sub$107/P was the highest under the effects of naturally selected preventatives mixing with abiotic soil improvers. All treat which was compounding preventers & improvers were so excellented of growth ginseng. Especially treats of ICPE-C$\sub$105/R and ICPE-P$\sub$107/R showed growth increased of each 67.3% and 52.7% As well, the growth of ginseng was the highest in the treatment of ICPE-C$\sub$105/R, and ICPE-P$\sub$105/R. Though rusty of rate was emerged 35% in control, preventers ICPE-C$\sub$105/R and ICPE-P$\sub$107/R were emerged 5.3%. It was affirmed effective of preventer. On the other hands, amounts of ginsenoside treated with preventatives showed to be changed. The ginsenoside was increased to 14.2% with treatment with ICPE-P$\sub$107/R which is highest among groups compared to control, and ICPE-C$\sub$105/P was increased to 5.0%. To sum up with total results, it is judged that biotic preventatives (ICPE-C$\sub$105/R, and ICPE-P$\sub$107/R) which we created improve both a high yield of ginseng and the inhibition of the rusty phenomenon. phenomenon.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.398-404
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• 1999

Factor analysis technique was employed to screen the principal indicators influencing soil and water qualities in the intensively cultivated areas of the Han River Basin. Soil chemical parameters were analyzed for the soil samples collected at intensive farming area in Pyungchang-Gun, and water quality monitoring data were obtained from the agricultural small catchments of Han River Basin during 1996 and 1997. Among the $11{\times}11$ cross correlation matrix, 29 correlations were significant out of 55 soil quality indicator pairs. The overall Kaiser's measure of sampling adequacy(KMS) value was acceptable with 0.60. Most indicators except iron were acceptable. Among soil indicators, the first factors showing high factor loadings were pH, Ca and Mg. The factor loading was the highest for Ca. The second factor could be characterized as phosphate and micronutrient. The third factor was organic matter and EC, and the fourth factor was potassium and Fe. Out of 190 water quality indicators, 86 correlations were significant. Overall KMS value was 0.74, but the KMS values for pH, TSS, Cd, Cu and Fe were lower than 50. The first factor of EC accounts 27.1 percents of the total variance, and showed high factor loadings with Na, Ca, $SO_4$, Mg, K, Cl, $NO_3$, and T-N. The second factor showed high loadings with Zn, Fe, Mn and Cd. The third to seventh factors could be characterized as $PO_4$, TSS, inorganic nitrogen, pH and T-P, and Cu factors, respectively. The factor score for EC was the highest in Kuri, followed by Chunchon, Dunnae and Daegwanryng. The factor score for heavy metals were the highest in the Daegwanryng. The results demonstrated that the factor analysis could be useful to select the most principal factor influencing soil and water qualities in the agricultural watershed.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1986

This study was carried out to acguire some basic information on nutritional and lhysiological effects of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae(VAM) on mulberry trees inoculated with Glomus mosseae, Gerd. & Trap. grown in clay for 65 days and treated with 5 different levels of phosphorus, ie 30, 60, 120, 240, 480 ppm as (NH4)2 HPO4. At the End of the expermental period the levels of fixed phosphate in the soil was measared. And the native VAM fungi were collected to select the most effective VAM species on mulberry tree. The nutritional and biochemical effects of VA mycorrhizae on the mulberry leaves were also studied. Those results are as follow. 1. The mulberry trees grown in clay and inoculated with VAM were heavier in shoot dry weight as much as 197% than uninoculated plants. But in vermioulite, uninoculated mulberry trees were heavier as much as 135% than inoculated. 2. The rates of endo mycorrhizal formation in clay was highest at 60 ppm level of phosphorus, and vesicles in roots were formed in 240ppm and 480ppm level of phosphorus, but not in 30ppm, 60ppm and 120ppm. 3. The greatest growth responses of VAM inoculation was found at 60ppm level of hosphorus, and the optimum phosphorus level for VAM responese appeared to be 60ppm. 4. VAM was also to absorb soil-fixed phosphate. VAM abosrbed Fe-bound phosphate most efficiently and Ca-bound phosphate with ease but not Al-bound phosphate and Al-Fe occluded phosphate. 5. Three species of Gigaspora and one species of Glamus growing naturally in mulberry plantations were collected and tested for the growth responses. Gigaspora tricalipta and Gigaspora calospora revealed the greatest growth responses on mulberry tree among tested VAM fungi. 6. Mulberry leaves inoculated with VA mycorrhizal fungi contained 9.8% more phosphate and 15.2% more nitrogen, 22.2% more water-soluble carbohydrates and 15.2% more proteins than uninoculated plants. 7. The electrophoretic pattern of mulberry leaf protein inoculated with VAM fungi has 19 bands. 8. The patterns of peroxidase zymogram and Amulase zymogram were different between the mulberry leaves inoculated and uninoculated with VA mycorrhizal fungi. The peroxidase zymogram of inoculated leaves has 1 less majour band than unioculated leaves The amylase zymogram of inoculated leaves has 2 bands near the +pole, but that of uninoculated leaves has 1 band near the $pole.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.327-341
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• 2021

The riparian eco-belt is an efficient technique that can reduce non-point pollution sources in the basin and improve ecological connectivity and health. In Korea, a legal system for the construction and management of riparian eco-belts is in operation. However, it is currently excluded that rivers and floodplains in dam reservoir that are advantageous for buffer functions such as control of non-point pollutants and ecological habitats. Accordingly, this study presented and analyzed a plan to select a site for an integrated riparian ecol-belt that comprehensively evaluates the water quality and ecosystem characteristics of each dam floodplain and riparian zone for the Daecheong Dam basin in Geum River watershed. First, the Daecheong Dam basin was divided into 138 sub-basin with GIS, and the riparian zone adjacent to the dam floodplain was analyzed. Sixteen evaluation factors related to the ecosystem and water quality impact that affect the selection of integrated riparian eco-belt were decided, and weights for the importance of each factor were set through AHP analysis. The priority of site suitability was derived by conducting an integrated evaluation by applying weights to sub-basin by floodplains and riparian zone factors. In order to determine whether the sites derived through GIS site analysis are sutiable for actual implementation, five sites were inspected according to three factors: land use, pollution sources, and ecological connectivity. As a result, it was confirmed that all sites were appropriate to apply integrated riparian ecol-belt. It is judged that the riparian eco-belt site analysis technique proposed through this study can be applied as a useful tool when establishing an integrated riparian zone management policy in the future. However, it might be necessary to experiment various evaluation factors and weights for each item according to the characteristics and issues of each dam. Additional research need to be conducted on elaborated conservation and restoration strategies considering the Green-Blue Network aspect, evaluation of ecosystem services, and interconnection between related laws and policy and its improvements.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2021

The skin fibroblasts of different origins showed different expression levels of MMP-1 in response to TNF-α treatment or UV irradiation. We hypothesized that this is caused by polymorphism in the MMP-1 promoter region. To elucidate it, first of all, we analyzed and classified the genotype of the -1607 site of the MMP-1 promoter in 23 commercially available primary fibroblasts, and then we examined the expression of MMP-1 by TNF-α or UVB stimulation for each classified genotype. As a result of the analysis, fibroblasts with 6 1G/1G genotypes, 10 1G/2G genotypes, and 7 2G/2G genotypes were identified. Hs68 and Detroit 551 cell lines were confirmed to have 1G/2G genotypes. In the 1G/1G genotype, MMP-1 was expressed twice as high as that of the control group by TNF-α treatment, and was hardly expressed by UV light. In the case of the 1G/2G genotype, MMP-1 was expressed 2.45 fold higher by TNF-α treatment, and 1.4 fold by UV light than the control. In the case of the 2G/2G genotype, MMP-1 was expressed 1.35 fold by TNF-α treatment, and was highly expressed by 2.5 fold by ultraviolet rays compared to control. It can be estimated that MMP-1 expression is better induced in the 1G genotype by TNF-α and in the 2G genotype by UV light. In addition, it can be presumed that MMP-1 expression is increased by creating a site where the Ets transcription factor can bind by another G inserted at the -1607 position. These studies have not been conducted at all in fibroblasts in relation to skin aging, so it is an area that needs to be further studied in the future. In conclusion, since the skin is an organ that is affected by both intrinsic aging and photoaging at the same time, when analyzing the expression of MMP-1 as a target for improving skin aging, it is necessary to select cells with a genotype suitable for the experimental conditions of the study.