• 지구물리
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.283-292
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• 2002

한반도는 동아시아 활성 경계부의 끝에 위치해있다. 한반도에서의 지진 활동은 이웃나라인 중국과 일본에 비해서 상대적으로 낮은 편이다. 한반도에서의 지진정보에 따르면 한반도는 지진재해로부터 완전히 안전하지는 않다. 게다가, 한반도 주위의 "태평양, 필리핀해, 유라시아, 남중국"같은 구조적 판들의 상대적인 움직임의 결과로 생긴 다양한 구조적 힘에 의해 둘러 싸여져 있다. 현재 남한에는 5개의 정부기관에서 서로의 필요에 따라 설치한 65개의 GPS관측소를 가지고 있다. 한반도에서의 지진피해를 최소화하기 위해 현재, 앞서 언급한 지진관측소 중 몇 개의 관측소로부터의 GPS관측 자료와 한반도 내부와 주변부의 구조적 환경들을 함께 고려하여 근대의 지각운동을 관찰하는 프로그램이 계획되어 왔다. 이 프로그램은 두개의 주요 부분으로 이루어져 있으며, 첫째부분은 주변 국가인 "중국, 일본"과 협력하여 한반도 주위의 지각 변형을 모니터링하기 위한 것인데, 이 부분은 "East Sea Phase and Yellow Sea Phase" 두개의 페이스로 구성되어 있다 이러한 페이스들은 "East Sea Phase and Yellow Sea Phase"에서 각각의 변형 파라미터들을 결정하는데 도움을 줄 것이다. 한편, 이 프로그램의 두번째 부분은 한반도 주요 단층 내부와 주변의 변형 파라미터와 한반도-제주도 간의 상대운동을 결정하기 위해 계획되었다. 이번 연구를 통해서 다양한 지구 역학적 방법의 적용을 위한 신빙성 있는 자료로서 사용되기 위해, 앞서 언급한 관측소에서의 지각운동 중심부에서 기록된 자료의 필요성이 부각되었다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.180-183
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• 1999

도시화된 인구밀접지역과 인공잡음(예, 소음, 진동, 전력선 등)이 매우 심한 환경에서 양질의 탄성파 자료를 획득하기 위하여 기준점을 이용한 실험적 수준의 탄성파 측정시스템을 개발하였다. 소음과 전자파 잡음에 대한 상관측정(소음에 대한 상관측정의 센서는 마이크와 수진기 사용, 전자파에 대한 상관측정의 센서는 EM루프와 수진기 사용)을 각각 김포공항과 전라북도 김제시에서 수행하였으며, 또한 각 잡음의 측정 시계열에 대해 스펙트림 분석도 실시하였다. 소음에 의한 두 센서(마이크와 수진기)반응은 높은 상관성을 갖고 있으나, 두 센서 반응의 가장 큰 차이는 200Hz를 기준으로 저주파수 그리고 고주파수대역에서 일어나고 있다. 200Hz 이하의 주파수대역에서는 수진기를 통하여 측정한 잡음의 스펙트럴 에너지가 상대적으로 크고(예, 10Hz와 100Hz에서 각각 20dB 이상 큼) 200Hz 이상의 상대적인 고주파수에서는 마이크를 통하여 측정된 잡음의 수준이 높다(예, 500Hz에서 30dB 이상). 전체적으로 수진기를 통하여 측정된 잡음의 스팩트럴 파워는 주로 600Hz 이하에 집중되어 있는 반면에 마이크에 측정된 잡음의 파워는 주로 200Hz이상에서 분포하고 있다. 전력선 잡음을 가정하여 교류직류 인버터에서 발생한 전자파잡음에 대한 EM루프와 수진기를 통하여 측정한 전자파잡음은 각 센서에서 그 파형이 매우 일정하며, 또한 서로 간에 높은 상관성을 보였다. EM루프에 측정된 전자파잡음의 경우 60Hz에 대한 기수 조화주파수가 우수 조화주파수에 비하여 그 스펙트럴 에너지가 매우 크지만, 수진기의 경우는 그 차이가 거의 없었다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.29-44
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• 2018

A ground-motion prediction equation (GMPE) for the Korean Peninsula, especially for South Korea, is developed based on synthetic ground motions generated using a ground motion model derived from instrumental records from 11 recent earthquakes of $M_L$>4.5 in Korea, including the Gyeongju earthquake of Sept. 12. 2016 ($M_L$5.8). PSAs of one standard deviation from the developed GMPE with $M_W$ 6.5 at hypocentral distances of 15 km and 25 km are compared to the design spectrum (soil condition, $S_B$) of the Korean Building Code 2016 (KBC), indicating that: (1) PSAs at short periods around 0.2 sec can be 1.5 times larger than the corresponding KBC PSA, and (2) SD's at periods longer than 2 sec do not exceed 8 cm. Although this comparison of the design spectrum with those of the GMPE developed herein intends to identify the characteristics of the scenario earthquake in a lower-seismicity region such as South Korea, it does not mean that the current design spectrum should be modified accordingly. To develop a design spectrum compatible with the Korean Peninsula, more systematic research using probabilistic seismic hazard analysis is necessary in the future.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.61-75
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• 2000

Through modeling fault network using thin plate finite element technique in the San Andreas Fault system with slip rate over 1mm/year, as well as elevation, heat flow, earthquakes, geodetic data and crustal thickness, we compare the results with velocity boundary conditions of plate based on the NUVEL-1 plate model and the approximation of deformation in the Great Basin region. The frictional and dislocation creep constants of the crust are calculated to reproduce the observed variations in the maximum depth of seismicity which corresponds to the temperature ranging from $350^{\circ}C$ to $410^{\circ}C$. The rheologic constants are defined by the coefficient of friction on faults, and the apparent activation energy for creep in the lower crust. Two parameters above represent systematic variations in three experiments. The pattern of model indicates that the friction coefficient of major faults is 0.17~0.25. we test whether the weakness of faults is uniform or proportional to net slip. The geologic data show a good agreement when fault weakness is a trend of an additional 30% slip dependent weakening of the San Andreas. The results of study suggest that all weakening is slip dependent. The best models can be explained by the available data with RMS mismatch of as little as 3mm/year, so their predictions can be closely related with seismic hazard estimation, at least along faults where no data are available.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2011년도 정기 학술발표대회
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• pp.12-19
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• 2011

Drawing on its extensive experience with natural disasters, Japan has been dispatching Japan Disaster Relief (JDR) team to disaster-stricken countries to provide specialist assistance in rescue and medical operations. The JDR team has assisted in the wake of disasters including the 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake in China. Information about the affected area is essential for a rapid disaster response. However, it can be difficult to gather information on damages in the immediate post-disaster period. To help overcome this problem, we have built on an Earthquake Damage Estimation System. This system makes it possible to produce distributions of the earthquake's seismic intensity and structural damage based on pre-calculated data such as landform and site amplification factors for Peak Ground Velocity, which are estimated from a Digital Elevation Model, as well as population distribution. The estimation result can be shared with the JDR team and with other international organizations through communications satellite or the Internet, enabling more effective rapid relief operations.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.249-261
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• 2020

Seismic loss estimation studies require fragility curves which are usually derived using ground motion datasets. Ground motion records can be either in the form of recorded or simulated time histories compatible with regional seismicity. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the use of alternative ground motion datasets (simulated and real) on the fragility curves. Simulated dataset is prepared considering regional seismicity parameters corresponding to Erzincan using the stochastic finite-fault technique. In addition, regionally compatible records are chosen from the NGA-West2 ground motion database to form the real dataset. The paper additionally studies the effects of hazard variability and two different fragility curve derivation approaches on the generated fragility curves. As the final step for verification purposes, damage states estimated for the fragility curves derived using alternative approaches are compared with the observed damage levels from the 1992 Erzincan (Turkey) earthquake (Mw=6.6). In order to accomplish all these steps, a set of representative masonry buildings from Erzincan region are analyzed using simplified structural models. The results reveal that regionally simulated ground motions can be used alternatively in fragility analyses and damage estimation studies.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.439-446
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• 1998

One of the most important roles in the nonlinear dynamic structural analysis is to select a proper ground excitation, which dominates the response of a structure. Because of the lack of recorded accelerograms in Korea, a stochastic model of ground excitation with various dynamic properties rather than recorded accelerograms is necessarily required. If all information is not available at site, the information from other sites with similar features can be used by the procedure of seismic hazard analysis. Eliopoulos and Wen identified the parameters of the ground motion model by the empirical relations or expressions developed by Trifunac and Lee. Because the relations used in the parameter identification are largely empirical, it is required to apply the artificial neural networks instead of the empirical model. Additionally, neural networks have the advantage of the empirical model that it can continuously re-train the new recorded data, so that it can adapt to the change of the enormous data. Based on the redefined traditional processes, three neural-networks-based models (FAS_NN, PSD_NN and INT_NN) are proposed to individually substitute the Fourier amplitude spectrum, the parameter identification of power spectral density function and intensity function. The paper describes the first half of the research for the development of Neural-Networks-based model for the generation of an Artificial earthquake and a Response Spectrum(NNARS).

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제20권7_spc호
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• pp.537-543
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• 2016

In low to moderate seismic regions, there are limited earthquake ground motion data recorded from past earthquakes. In this regard, the Gyeongju earthquake (M=5.8)occurred on September 12, 2016 produces valuable information on ground motions. Ground motions were recorded at various recording stations located widely in Korean peninsula. Without actual recoded ground motions, it is impossible to make a ground motion prediction model. In this study, a point source model is constructed to accurately simulate ground motions recorded at different stations located on different soil conditions during the Gyeongju earthquake. Using the model, ground motions are generated at all grid locations of Korean peninsula. Each grid size has $0.1^{\circ}(latitude){\times}0.1^{\circ}(longitude)$. Then a contour hazard map is constructed using the peak ground acceleration of the simulated ground motions.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.125-128
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• 2008

오늘날 많은 연구기관에서 구조물 설계에 관한 연구가 수행되고 있는 가운데 내진분야에서 처음으로 구조물에 대한 성능기반설계에 대한 기본개념이 제시되었다. 이후 여러 연구기관에서 성능기반설계를 수행하기 위해 사용자와 설계자 간의 의사소통을 원활히 이루어지게 하기 위해 요구성능에 대한 기준을 정립를 하였다. 성능기반설계는 구조물이 위치하게 될 지역적 특성이나 구조물의 특성에 따라 구조물에 발생될 수 있는 위험에 대한 정확한 분석과 구조물에 대한 사회적 경제적 환경적 영향에 대한 분석을 통하여 구조물에 요구되는 요구성능에 맞추어 구조물을 설계하여 공용기간동안 구조물에 대한 안전을 보장하는 설계방법이다. 구조물에 대한 정확한 요구성능을 파악하기 위해 성능수준 및 성능목표에 대한 정의가 필요하여 본 연구에서 성능기반설계를 수행하기 위해 ATC-40(2002), FEMA-273(1997), Eurocode(1998)에서의 요구성능기준에 관한 기초자료를 조사하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.187-201
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• 2008

Earthquake induced hysteretic energy demand for a structure can be used as a limiting value of a certain performance level in seismic design of structures. In cases where it is larger than the hysteretic energy dissipation capacity of the structure, failure will occur. To be able to select the limiting value of hysteretic energy for a particular earthquake hazard level, it is required to define the variation of hysteretic energy in terms of probabilistic terms. This study focuses on the probabilistic evaluation of earthquake induced worst failure probability and approximate confidence intervals for inelastic single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems with a typical steel moment connection based on hysteretic energy. For this purpose, hysteretic energy demand is predicted for a set of SDOF systems subject to an ensemble of moderate and severe EQGMs, while the hysteretic energy dissipation capacity is evaluated through the previously published cyclic test data on full-scale steel beam-to-column connections. The failure probability corresponding to the worst possible case is determined based on the hysteretic energy demand and dissipation capacity. The results show that as the capacity to demand ratio increases, the failure probability decreases dramatically. If this ratio is too small, then the failure is inevitable.