• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2022

Elsholtzia byeonsanensis is a Korean native plant of the Lamiaceae family, and was first introduced in the Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy. This plant has a short plant length of 20-35 cm, with leathery and glossy leaves. The purple flowers bloom in November, so they are highly useful as potted or ground cover ornamental plants. In this study, tray cell size (128, 162, and 200-cell trays), soil composition [horticultural soil (HS): decomposed granite (DG) 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 (v:v)], seeding rate (1, 2, and 3 seeds per cell) and additional fertilizer concentrations (0, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/L Hyponex) were tested to find out the optimum seedling growth conditions. As a result of the study, E. byeonsanensis growth increased proportionally as the cell size of the tray increased. The growth was inhibited as the percentage of DG increased. As for the growth according to the seeding rate, plant height, plant width, leaf length, and leaf width decreased as the seeding rate increased, but there was no difference in the number of leaves, stem diameter, and root length. There was an increasing trend in seedling growth as the additional fertilizer concentration increased. Therefore, for producing E. byeonsanensis seedling, it is most effective to fill HS or HS:DG 1:1 in 128-cell trays, sow one seed per cell, and spray the seedling at 1000 mg/L for additional fertilizer.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 1991

This experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of plant growth regulators (PGR) on the root -mat formation of infant seedling (8- to 10-day-old seedling) of rice in machine transplanting. The rice seeds of Odaebyeo were socked in water with different concentrations of PGRs for 48 hours at room temperature. Seeding rate was 220 g per seed tray (30x60x3cm). Metalaxyl (25% wettable powder) was used for a fungicide. Generally, the metalaxyl-treated seeds markedly promoted the root growth of the rice seedling, while tetracy-cle, pachlobutrazol and NTN -821 reduced the seedling height and root length, and thickened the shoot diameter at higher concentation levels. Tetracycle decreased root length of the rice seedlings but increased root number per seedling, and root-mat formation was poor. Whereas, metalaxyl concentrations of 200 and 1,000 ppm markedly increased root length and number of root hairs without decreasing root number, thus root-mat formation was excellent. The optimum concentration of metalaxyl seed treatment to increase the root-mat formation of infant seedling of rice was about 200 ppm. Metalaxyl seed treatment could be advanced one to two days of the duration of root-mat formation compared with control.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.96-104
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• 2023

The successful restoration program requires a comprehensive understanding of variables influencing seedling efficiency. Below-ground is hypothesized to have a major impact on seedling performance of species when planted in agriculture, and degraded areas with different types of mulching. This study investigated on Sg. Terla Forest Reserve in Cameron Highlands Pahang, Malaysia. In this study randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used. The excavation method was applied to study the root system development, above, and below ground biomass distributions under different types of mulching: coconut mulching (CM), oil palm mulching (OM), plastic mulching (PM) and control (CK). The root diameter, main root length, lateral root length, root coiling, and root direction toward to sun were recorded. The results in this study indicate that mulching had significant effect on root diameter, main root length, and root distributions among treatments while for lateral root length, root: shoot ratio, dry biomass distributions, and above and below ground biomass did not showed significant effect among treatments. The highest values for root diameter, lateral root length, main root length, root distributions, dry biomass distributions and above and below ground biomass were showed in CM treatments. However 75% of root coiling was observed in seedlings between treatments.

• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2011

Shimizuomyces paradoxus showed no inhibitory effect against plant pathogen fungi, such as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Alternaria solani. The S. paradoxus culture filtrate showed higher seed germination and seedling growth rates in canola than distilled water and potato-dextrose broth. A conidial suspension of $1.0{\times}10^4/mL$ resulted in the highest growth stimulating effects on total plant length, and fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots in cucumber, when compared to the highest suspension concentration. Total plant length and shoot weight increased with the foliar spray treatment, and root length and root weight increased by simultaneous treatments of soil drenching and foliar spray in cucumber. Lower concentrations of the S. paradoxus conidial suspension increased the harvest of tomato fruit.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.134-139
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• 2007

The research was conducted with the aim of determining effects of seedling age on the yield of four fine rice varieties viz., Kalizura, Tulshimala, BRRI (Bang-ladesh Rice Research Institute)-37 and BRRI-38. The seedling of different ages such as 15, 25, 35 and 45 days were transplanted on the same day maintaining $25cm{\times}15cm$ spacing. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The yield and yield contributing characters were influenced by seedling age, variety and their interaction. BRRI-38 gave the highest number of effective tillers $hill^{-1}$, panicle length, total spikelets $panicle^{-1}$, grains $panicle^{-1}$, 1000-grains weight and grain yield. Likewise, yield and yield contributing characters were the highest in 35 days old seedling. On the other hand, the variety (BRRI-38) with the same age as of seedlings 35 days old seedlings was found superior to other interactions, but, in the production of grains $panicle^{-1}$ and 1000-grains weight there was no significant effect in this interaction. From the findings it may be inferred that BRRI-38 with 35 days old seedlings produced the highest grain yield.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 1981

This experiment was carried out to inverstigate the characteristics of growth of ginseng Plant on field conditions as affected by seedling weight. Weight of seedling ranged from 0.4 to 1.8g were divided into seven classes at interval of 0.2g. The heavy seedlings showed superiority in stem length, stem diameter, leaf area, number of palmate leaf and leaflets and root weight in 2-,3-, and 4-age as compared to light ones. The heavy seedlings also showed superiority in the ratio of inflorescence appearance in 2-age and seed product in 4-age as compared to light ones, but there were no significant difference in the ratio of missing-plant and the cracking. of root. The differences of growth in field condition as affected by seedling weight were diminished as the age progressed, and the annual growth rates of root of light seedling were high in older plant.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2004

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants have been reported to be autotoxic as well as allelopathic. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments through petri-dish and pot test were conducted to determine autotoxic effects of alfalfa leaf and soil extracts on the germination or early seedling growth of alfalfa, and to evaluate allelopathic effects of alfalfa leaf residues on alfalfa, barnyard grass, com, eclipta and soybean. Alfalfa seed germination was delayed depending on aqueous extract concentration, with no difference in final germination after 48 hours. Alfalfa root length was more sensitive to the autotoxic chemicals from leaf extracts than was germination or shoot length. Root growth of alfalfa was significantly inhibited at extract concentration of more than 1 g dry tissue/L (g $\textrm{L}^{-1}$). Hypocotyl growth, however, was not affected by all the concentrations of leaf extracts. Soil extracts from 4-yr-old alfalfa stand significantly reduced alfalfa root length by 66%, while soil extracts from 0,1, and 3yr-old stand stimulated root length up to 14-32% over the control. Residue incorporation with dry matters of alfalfa leaf at 100 g $\textrm{kg}^{-1}$ reduced seedling length of several crop and weed species, ranging from 53 to 87% inhibition. Addition of nutrient solution into alfalfa leaf extracts alleviated alfalfa autotoxic effect. This result indicates alfalfa leaf and soil extracts or residues could exert autotoxic as well as allelopathic substances into soil environments during and after establishment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.101-109
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• 2016

This is the fundamental research on restoring damaged vegetation areas in the vicinity of DMZ using local native plant species. This research is aimed at identifying effective plant growth regulators (PGR) for seed germination and seedling growth of mountain mulberry, and developing effective methods for managing its germination and growth. Mountain mulberry seeds were collected from the regions in the DMZ vicinity, and tests with seven treatments using four PGRs including $GA_3$, kinetin, ABA and NAA, were conducted. The germination rate was calculated in two different ways of both in a growth chamber and in a greenhouse after seven days observation, and the growth characters such as leaf width/length, seedling width/length and fresh/dry weight, have been surveyed in a greenhouse for three months. Although in the growth chamber the highest germination rate was shown at a group with the kinetin treatment, it was not significantly different to that of the control group. Groups with ABA or NAA presented relatively low germination rates. As for the greenhouse test, the germination rates of all groups ranged 20~30% without significant difference each other, the reason of which might be due to low absorption by the effect of a soil drench method used in this study. The entire growth characters with the treatments of $2.15mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of kinetin and $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of $GA_3$ were significantly different to the control. NAA treatment only showed better growth of seedling width compared to the control. Consequently, the most effective PGRs for the germination and growth of mountain mulberry near the DMZ was kinetin. Further research on examining the most effective concentration of them was needed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.426-430
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• 1994

To establish the proper size of seedling of A. gigas, different weight of seedlings were used for this study. Agronomic characters including plant height, number of leaf, leaf length, number of inflorescence, fresh weight and rate of bolting of the aerial parts, root length, root diameter, number of lateral root and root weight of the underground parts were determined and correlation coefficients among them were estimated. Growth of A. gigas showed the significant vigor for all the characters of the aerial parts along with increasing of seedling weight, but root weight in yield decreased in proportion to increasing of seedling weight due to lignification of the root tissue. When the smaller seedlings were transplanted, bolting rates decreased to about 16% as compared with the traditional size of seedlings. Correlation coefficients between aerial and root characters in A. gigas were negative, and the characters such as plant height, number of leaf, number of inflorescence and fresh weight per plant showed highly significant correlation with the rate of bolting which is one of the characters having great influence on yield.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.194-198
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• 1998

An experiment was carried out to find out the priming effects of rice seeds, Oryza sativa L. (cv. Ilpumbyeo) on. the seedling establishment and early emergence under excess soil moisture conditions. Seeds were primed by soaking in -0.6 MPa polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution at $25^{\circ}C$ for 4 days. The primed seeds were sown in soils with various soil moistures (60, 80, 100, 120, and 140% field capacity) at 17 and $25^{\circ}C$, respectively. Germination and emergence rates, plumule height, and radicle length of primed seeds were higher than those of untreated seeds at any soil moisture and temperature examined. The time from planting to 50% germination ($T_{50}$) of primed seeds was less than that of untreated seeds by 0.9～3.7 days. Germination rate, emergence rate, plumule height, and radicle length were highest at the soil moisture of 80% field capacity among the soil moistures. Priming effects of rice seeds on germination and emergence rates were more prominent under the unfavorable soil moistures (60, 100, 120, and 140% field capacity) than those under the optimum soil moisture condition (80% field capacity). However, priming effects on seedling growth were greater at near optimum soil moisture compared with too lower or higher soil moistures. Therefore, these findings suggest that priming of rice seeds may be a useful way for better seedling establishment under the adverse soil conditions.