• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.101 no.2
• /
• pp.324-332
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of container types on seedling growth of Betula costata, Liriodendron tulipifera, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Fraxinus mandshurica, Zelkova serrata, and Ulmus parvifolia in the container nursery system. We used three container types [20 cavities (150 seedlings/$m^2$-400 mL), 24 cavities (200 seedlings/$m^2$-320 mL), and 35 cavities (260 seedlings/$m^2$-240 mL)] and measured root collar diameter (RCD), height, biomass, seedling quality index (SQI), and root density. The root collar diameter, height, biomass, SQI, and root density of seedlings were the highest at 20 cavities/tray in all six species because this container type has the largest volume and lowest seedling density. However, F. rhynchophylla growth at both 20 and 24 cavities/tray, Z. serrata growth at both 24 and 35 cavities/tray and B. costata growth at all sizes were not significantly different. As expected, container volume was positively correlated with RCD, height, and biomass of five species except for Z. serrata, but seedling density negatively did. Based on these results, 20 cavities/tray are optimal for L. tulipifera, F. mandshurica, and U. parvifolia, 20 or 24 cavities/tray for F. rhynchophylla, 24 or 35 cavities/tray for Z. serrata, and 35 cavities/tray for B. costata, respectively. Usage of optimal container will make us get good quality seedlings as well as reduction of production costs in the container nursery.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.1144-1149
• /
• 2011

The occurrence of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) advance growth has been noticed in the deciduous oak forest being adjacent to the mature Korean pine plantation. the korean pine seedlings in the forest were regenerated naturally from harvested and transported Korean pine seeds and cones by rodents, mainly red squirrels. Mongolian oak (Quercus bariabilis), which formed dominant overstory, had close-to-normal distributions of height, diameter and age classes. Korean pine, which dominated the understory, had the reverse J-shaped height, diameter and age distributions that are expected of a shade tolerant species. Growing in the summer shade of the oak, Korean pine seedling had slow, but steady height growth during the past four decades. Total biomass of Korean pine seedling ranged from $2,835-8,541kg\;ha^{-1}$ and biomass allocation of Korean pine seedling was follows : stem (with bark) > foliage > branches > roots. Korean pine seedlings allocated more biomass to foliage and branches compare to planted Korean pine. The smaller root/shoot ratio of Korean pine seedling in the site is to believed to be result of competition for light. Contents of N and K for Korean pine seedling were greatest in foliage follow by branches, stem ad roots, while content of P was greater in the order of foliage > roots > stem > branches.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.99 no.3
• /
• pp.359-367
• /
• 2010

The objective of this study was to find optimal planting season of the effect of vegetation competition around planting tree. This study evaluates the possibility of extending the planting period of containerized seedling of Pinus densiflora (1-0 year). We planted seedling at three different seasons (spring, summer, fall) at 18 plots in 3 locations. Planting sites were composed of vigorous vegetation (Site A) and less vigorous vegetation (Site B). For over 3 years, the study investigated survival rate, growth of root collar diameter and height, and biomass of containerized seedling of P. densiflora. In all sites, containerized seedling of P. densiflora showed high survival rate in summer planting. Height and root collar diameter of containerized seedling of P. densiflora were the highest in summer planting, but in the initial period after planting growth was not good. After time passed, growth rate was increased. Site B showed better growth than Site A. Biomass was the highest in summer planting and also the highest in Site B. These results suggest that planting period can be extended by using containerized seedling and vegetation control in the initial is very important for survival and growth of containerized seedling.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.95 no.6
• /
• pp.751-758
• /
• 2006

To investigate soil management practices for increasing tree growth in arid regions of China, Xinjiang poplar (Populus alba var. pyramidalis) seedlings were planted in a nursery and windbreak and were treated with fertilizers (nitrogen and phosphorus) and absorbents (artificial; K-SAM and natural: Yuho (Artemisia ordosica)) at Dengkou in Inner Mongolia. Seedling height, diameter at breast height (DBH), biomass, and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations were measured 1.5 years after the treatments. Soil texture was sandy loam for nursery and clay loam for windbreak, soil pH was 8.78 for nursery and 8.51 for windbreak, and total soil N concentration was 0.06% for nursey and 0.08% for windbreak. [n general, seedling height and DBH increased in the N fertilizer treatment compared to control or other treatments both in nursery and windbreak. Also seedling growth increased after the treatments of artificial and natural absorbents in windbreak. Total above- and belowground biomass increased after the N + P treatment. Foliage N and P concentrations following N and/or P treatments were same in the nursey, however, they significantly increased in the windbreak indicating N deficiency. It appeared that N was a limiting factor for early growth of Xinjiang poplar seedlings and artificial and natural absorbents (K-SAM and Yuho) would be useful to increase seedling growth in the arid region.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.98 no.3
• /
• pp.331-338
• /
• 2009

This present study was conducted to investigate photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll contents, and growth performances of containerized seedling and bare root seedling of Quercus acutissima growing under different fertilizing schemes. Both of containerized seedling and bare root seedling of Quercus acutissima showed good photosynthetic capacity and apparent quantum yield in the seedlings applied with one gram refining fertilizer (each of N, P, and K is 19%) diluted in one liter water. And chlorophyll contents also showed higher in the seedlings applied with the above fertilization scheme. The seedlings also showed good relative growth performances of root collar diameter, seedling height, total biomass, and leaf area in the some treatment scheme. In most of the treatments, containerized seedlings showed better photosynthetic capacity, apparent quantum yield, chlorophyll contents, and growth performances than bare root seedlings.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.63-73
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate effects of fertilization treatments (non-fertilizing, deep-fertilizing 20g, 50g, 100g, and surface-fertilizing 20g) on survival rate, growth performances, and seedling quality index (SQI) of container seedling and bare root seedling of Pinus densiflora in the field. There were no significantly differences in survival rate among fertilization treatments in the field. Besides, there was no toxic effect on seedling by over 100g fertilization in deep-fertilizing treatment. The root collar diameter and height of P. densiflora in both seedling types were the highest at 100g fertilization in deep-fertilizing treatments, and the biomass products and SQI were the same as above growth of root collar diameter and height. In most of the treatments, container seedlings showed better growth performances than bare root seedlings. In optimal fertilization, effect of fertilization was higher in container seedling than bare root seedling.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.305-322
• /
• 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of artificial light sources on the germination and seedling vigor of lettuce, aiming to identify the optimal artificial light source for producing high-quality seedlings. Lettuce cultivar of 'Tomalin' and 'Seonpunggold' exhibited the highest seed emergence in the Metal halide(MH) lamp and High-pressure sodium(HPS) lamp treatment group, while the emergence rate parameter, T50, was the fastest in the HPS lamp treatment group. Both cultivars showed good growth characteristics such as number of leaves, root length, and stem diameter under RGB-LED, and their seedling vigor was excellent as well. The plant height was smallest in the Red + Green + Blue LED treatment, but the leaves were round and thick, resulting in higher biomass and dry weight. Single light sources of Red LED and Blue LED led to reduced growth compared with that under the mixed light treatments. Chlorophyll content in lettuce varied with the type of artificial light, with both cultivars exhibiting the highest chlorophyll content in the Red + Green + Blue LED treatment. The most suitable artificial light for lettuce seedling growth was the Red + Green + Blue LED treatment.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.411-420
• /
• 2006

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis by bacteria occurs widely in rhizospheres. Bacterial species able to synthesize IAAmay be exploited for beneficial interactions in crop management systems. The objective of this study was to determine the response of ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) seedlings to IAA and to an IAA-producing rhizobacterum, Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate GD3. IAA solution and isolate GD3 suppression of seedling growth measured as radicle length and biomass depended on IAA concentration. Seedling radicle length was significantly reduced by ca. 29% with more than $1.0{\mu}M$ of IAA solution, compared to the control, 48 h after application. The cell concentration at 50% growth reduction ($GR_{50}$) of the seedling radicle was IAA production by isolate GD3 at $10^{4.82}\;cfu$, the cell concentration for 50% growth reduction ($GR_{50}$) of seedling radicle was 0.24 iM, which was much lower than the IAA solution concentration ($117.48{\mu}M$) required for $GR_{50}$. Therefore, excess IAA production by isolate GD3 may be more detrimental to morningglory radicle growth than standard IAA solution. Results confirmed involvement of IAA in suppressive effects of isolate GD3 on morning-glory seedlings grown in a hydroponic system.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.296-307
• /
• 2024

Background: This study compares seed germination and seedling growth parameters of native Senegalia catechu with its closely related invasive Leucaena leucocephala in Nepal. For the comparison of seed germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), and Timson's index (TI), the seeds of both species were incubated under different light (photoperiod and dark), temperatures (30/20℃ and 25/15℃) and water stress conditions (-0.1, -0.25, -0.5, -0.75, and -1 MPa). The seedling emergence from different soil depths was also evaluated. The relative growth rate (RGR), root mass fraction (RMF), stem mass fraction, leaf mass fraction (LMF), and root-to-shoot ratio (RSR) of seedlings were also measured. Results: The seed length and mass of invasive L. leucocephala were higher than that of native S. catechu. The GP of S. catechu was higher at high temperature and photoperiod comparing to L. leucocephala. There was no difference in GP between two species under other light and temperature conditions. The MGT of S. catechu was shorter than that of L. leucocephala at both temperatures. Senegalia catechu exhibited higher TI than L. leucocephala, particularly at high temperatures. Water stress above -0.5 MPa reduced the GP and TI of both species and it was more pronounced in S. catechu than L. leucocephala. The seedling emergence percentage of L. leucocephala was higher than that of S. catechu. Both species exhibited comparable RGR and biomass allocations (RMF, LMF, and RSR). However, L. leucocephala had always greater values of shoot height, root length, leaf number and seedling biomass compared to S. catechu. Conclusions: Larger seeds may not always lead to higher seed GP. Some, but not all, seed germination and seedling growth traits can be useful to characterize invasive alien plant species. Invasiveness of L. leucocephala could be attributed to relatively high tolerance of seed germination to water stress, capacity to germinate from deeper soil, and larger seedling size compared to the confamilial native species.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.217-221
• /
• 2007

To provide the basic data essential for developing varieties of broad-leaved tree, the study investigated the utmost growth requirement for the growth characteristic and biomass production in accordance with planting density of Styrax obassia. The planting density of seedling can be a significant factor in contributing growth of seedling for tree growing in general. While growth of tree according to $1m^2$ planting density of Styrax obassia showed an excellent growth in tree height and the root collar diameter from $49no./m^2$, those low planting density showed decreased tendency with tree height growth while increasing the root collar diameter growth. As similar to the growth characteristic, the biomass production showed significant and statistic difference in $49no./m^2$, showing high volume of biomass production which is $3.12{\pm}0.80g$ compare to other processing section and high figure with T/R ratio which is 1.59. The special trait of photosynthetic also showed relatively high photosynthetic rate in $49no./m^2\;and\;64no./m^2$ of Styrax obassia and as the density increase, photosynthetic efficiency decreased. The plant showed stable and physiological planting pattern, displaying the best photosynthetic rate, which was the final metabolism through reserving proper space in the growth and development environment condition. This obstacle of required space essential for growth substantially deteriorated planting and ultimately, it demonstrated lower tendency of photosynthetic rate, which is the highest level of metabolism.