• Mycobiology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.47-50
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• 2002

Seed-borne fungi of some maize cultivars/lines grown during the months from May to September of 2001, collected from Dongguk University farm, Go Young City, IL Sang Gu, Korea were detected by blotter method. In all six fungi namely Alternaria alternata(Fr.) Keissler, Aspergillus niger Van Tiegh, Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon, Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp. and Ustilago zeae Unger. were found to associated with maize seeds. Prevalence of seed-borne fungi also varied. The highest percentages of seed-borne fungi were recorded with Fusarium moniliforme and the lowest in Penicillium sp. Transmission of all seed-borne pathogens from seeds to seedlings were also detected by test tube seedling symptom test. Among the seed-borne fungi, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium sp. produced distinct seed rot and seedling infection symptoms. All the transmitted seed-borne fungi might be caused primary source of infection to the maize crop.

• Mycobiology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.206-218
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• 2011

The seed-borne mycoflora of sorghum and foxtail millet collected from different growing areas in South Korea were isolated and taxonomically identified using dry inspection, standard blotter and the agar plate method. We investigated the in vitro and in vitro germination rates of disinfected and non-disinfected seeds of sorghum and foxtail millet using sterilized and unsterilized soil. The percent recovery of seed-borne mycoflora from the seed components of sorghum and foxtail millet seeds was determined and an infection experiment using the dominant species was evaluated for seedling emergence and mortality. A higher number of seed-borne fungi was observed in sorghum compared to that of foxtail millet. Eighteen fungal genera with 34 fungal species were identified from the seeds of sorghum and 13 genera with 22 species were identified from the seeds of foxtail millet. Five dominant species such as Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme and Phoma sp. were recorded as seed-borne mycoflora in sorghum and 4 dominant species (Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme) were observed in foxtail millet. The in vitro and in vitro germination rates were higher using disinfected seeds and sterilized soil. More seed-borne fungi were recovered from the pericarp compared to the endosperm and seed embryo. The percent recovery of seed-borne fungi ranged from 2.22% to 60.0%, and Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata and 4 species of Fusarium were isolated from the endosperm and embryo of sorghum and foxtail millet. Inoculation of the dominant seed-borne fungi showed considerable mortality of seedlings. All the transmitted seed-borne fungi might well be a primary source of infection of sorghum and foxtail millet crops.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.269-276
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• 1983

전국(全國)에서 수집(收集)한 50개(固) 참깨종자(種子) sample을 blotter법(法)으로 조사(調査)하였던 바 Alternaria sesami는 29개(固) sample에서 최고(最高) 37%, Corynespora cassiicola는 38개(固) sample에서 최고(最高) 76%의 높은 비율(比率)로 검출(檢出)되었다. A. sesami와 C. cauiicola에 각각(各各) 심(甚)하게 이병(罹病)된 종자(種子)는 종자부패(種子腐敗)를 일으켜 전혀 발아(發芽)하지 못하며 일부(一部) 이병(罹病)된 종자(種子)는 발아(發芽)하더라도 곧 유묘감염(幼苗感染)이 되어 유근(柳根)이나 자엽(子葉)의 일부(一部)가 갈변(褐變)하며 고사(枯死)하였다. 종자전염성(種子傳染性) A. sesami와 C. cassiicola에 대(對)한 몇가지 종자소독제(種子消毒劑)의 효과(效果)를 조사(調査)하였던 바 A. sesami의 종자감염(種子感染)에 대(對)하여는 Busan 30의 소독효과(消毒效果)가 높았고 C. cassiicola의 종자감염(種子感染)에 대(對)하여는 Benlate T와 Homai의 소독효과(消毒效果)가 탁월(卓越)하였다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제23권2호통권73호
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• pp.114-120
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• 1995

병든 고추에서 수집한 종자에서 Colletotrichum dematium, C. gloeosporioides 및 Glomerella cingulata 등이 습지법에 의해서 검출되었다. C. gloeosporioides는 공시된 종자시료에서 우점종이었으며 그 다음이 C. dematium, G. cingulata의 순이었다. 탄저병균의 종자내 감염부위를 조사한 결과, 종피, 배유 및 자엽에서 C. dematium, C. gloeosporioides 및 G. cingulata가 검출되었으며 3종의 탄저병균의 검출율은 종피에서 더 많았고 배유와 자엽에서는 적었다. C. dematium, C. gloeosporioides와 G. cingulata의 종자감염은 종자부패, 모잘록 및 모마름병을 일으켰다. 접종시험결과 C. gloeosporioides가 가장 병원성이 강하였다. C. dematium은 상처가 있을 때 약한 병원성을 나타냈으며 G. cingulata는 유상 또는 성숙과에 대해서 약한 병원성이 있었다. 탄저병에 대한 종자소독 결과 베노람 수화제와 지오람 수화제의 효과가 우수하였다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.104-106
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• 2001

Alternaria cassiae Jurair & Khan was recorded on seeds of sickle senna(Cassia tora L.). Seed infection ranged from $25{\sim}45%$ in two samples. Developing roots and shoots turn brown and died in case of severe infection. Detailed descriptions were given on the habit characters of the fungus and on the morphology of conidiophores and condia. This is the first report of A. cassiae on seeds of Cassia.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.585-591
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• 2012

The antagonistic effect of Trichoderma harzianum on a range of seed-borne fungal pathogens of wheat (viz. Fusarium graminearum, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Aspergillus spp., and Penicillium spp.) was assessed. The potential of T. harzianum as a biocontrol agent was tested in vitro and under field conditions. Coculture of the pathogens and Trichoderma under laboratory conditions clearly showed dominance of T. harzianum. Under natural conditions, biocontrol effects were also obtained against the test fungi. One month after sowing, field emergence (plant stand) was increased by 15.93% over that obtained with the control treatment, and seedling infection was reduced significantly. Leaf blight severity was decreased from 22 to 11 at the heading stage, 35 to 31 at the flowering stage, and 86 to 74 at the grain filling stage. At harvest, the number of tillers per plant was increased by 50%, the yield was increased by 31.58%, and the 1,000-seed weight was increased by 21%.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.126-131
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• 1984

1. 영남작물시험장, 호남작물시험장 및 충남농촌진흥원에서 분양받은 18개의 벼종자시료와 충남지역 일반농가에서 수확한 8개의 벼종자시료 등 모두 26개의 종자시료를 공시하여 표준습지법으로 조사하였던 바 21종의 균류가 검출되었으며, 벼 갈샐잎마름병균(Gerlachia oryzae)은 22개의 벼 종자시료에서 $1.0\~45.0\%$의 범위로 검출되었다. 2. 종자전염성 G. oryzae의 효과적인 검출방법을 찾기 위하여 표준습지법, 냉동습지법, 물한천법 등으로 비교 조사한 결과, 냉동습지법에서 검출율이 가장 높았다. 3. 벼종자의 각 부위를 무균적으로 분리하여 부위별로 G. oryzae의 감염여부를 표준습지법으로 조사한 결과, 벼 종자의 껍질에서 가장 많이 검출되었으며, 심하게 이병된 종자는 배유 및 종피 뿐 만 아니라 배에 까지 감염되어 있었다. 4. G. oryzae에 감염된 벼 종자를 파종하여 심하게 이병된 종자는 종자부패 및 묘입고를 일으켰으며, 약하게 이병된 종자는 초엽, 1엽, 2엽에 갈색의 병징감염을 초래하였다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.195-209
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• 2023

The seed borne disease such as bakanae is difficult to control. Crop yield loss caused by bakanae depending on the regions and varieties grown, ranging from 3.0% to 95.4%. Bakanae is an important disease of rice worldwide and the pathogen was identified as Fusarium fujikuroi Nirenberg (teleomorph: Gibberella fujikuroi Sawada). Currently, four Fusaria (F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum, F. verticillioides and F. andiyazi) belonging to F. fujikuroi species complex are generally known as the pathogens of bakanae. The infection occurs through both seed and soil-borne transmission. When infection occurs during the heading stage, rice seeds become contaminated. Molecular detection of pathogens of bakanae is important because identification based on morphological and biological characters could lead to incorrect species designation and time-consuming. Seed disinfection has been studied for a long time in Korea for the management of the bakanae disease of rice. As seed disinfectants have been studied to control bakanae, resistance studies to chemicals have been also conducted. Presently biological control and resistant varieties are not widely used. The detection of this pathogen is critical for seed certification and for preventing field infections. In South Korea, bakanae is designated as a regulated pathogen. To provide highly qualified rice seeds to farms, Korea Seed & Variety Service (KSVS) has been producing and distributing certified rice seeds for producing healthy rice in fields. Therefore, the objective of the study is to summarize the recent progress in molecular identification, fungicide resistance, and the management strategy of bakanae.

• 식물병연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.148-154
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• 2011

본 연구는 당근의 유기재배를 위하여 13개의 친환경 제제를 이용한 당근의 Alternaria spp.에 의한 종자전염성 병원균 방제 및 종자 발아율 조사를 수행하였다. 병원균의 생장억제 효과는 친환경 제제 별로 차이를 보였으며 효과가 좋은 7개 제제를 선발하였다. 7개 친환경제제별종자소독 후 발아율 조사에서는 식물 추출물인 탄저스탑과 랜드세이버 제제로 소독된 종자는 발아가 전혀 되지 않았으며 다른 친환경제제에서 소독된 종자의 발아율은 대조약제(Benlate-T)와 무처리 종자의 발아율과 비슷하였다. 탄저스탑과 랜드세이버를 제외시킨 감염율 조사에서는 A. radicina 균에 대한 해조류 추출물인 벨로퍼, A. dauci 균은 식물 추출물인 씨알-100으로 소독된 종자가 감염율이 10% 미만으로 대조약제와 비슷하거나 낮게 나타났다. 이들 제제는 뿌리길이 및 유묘검정 발아율 조사도 대조약제로 소독한 종자와 비슷하거나 우수한 것으로 조사 되었다. 본 시험의 결과로 보아 종자소독의 최적의 조건은 약제별 농도에 따라 다소 다르며 친환경 제제를 이용한 종자소독은 종자전염성 병원균을 효과적으로 억제할 수 있는 기술로 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.119.2-120
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• 2003

Seed-borne fungal pathogens on rice seeds were investigated in order to evaluate their effect on rice grain quality. Rice seeds of two cultivars, Ilmibyeo and Daesanbyeo were collected from 27 areas of Korea and the fungal parasites on seeds were isolated by using a blotter method. Isolation frequency and number of species were varied from collection areas of seed samples. A total 13 species of fungi were identified from the seeds. Among them, Altemana alternata was the most frequent over the country. Bipoiaris oryzae most commonly from Gyeongbuk and Jeonbuk, Alternaria padwickii from Jeonbuk, and Nigrospora oryzae from Choongnam. However Bipolaris. oryzae, Alternaria padwickii, and Nigrospora oryzae were the most frequently isolated fungi from Gyeongbuk and Jeonbuk, and Chungnam, respectively. B. oryzae, A. alternata, A. padwickii, and N. oryzae were dominants on Ilmibyeo showing 10.3％, 10.2％, 5.2％, and 5.2％ infection rate, respectively. While, N. oryzae, A alternata, and Cladosporium sp. were most frequently isolated fungi from Deasanbyeo revealing 15.1％, 9.6％, and 7.5％ infection rate, respectively. These fungi inhabiting on hulls or endosperms of rice seed might be considered as potential factors decreasing rice grain quality. Further investigation of the fungi on grain rice quality are undergoing.