• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.38-50
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• 1987

The purpose of this comparative study is to investigate the differences of growth behaviors (height, weight, yield capacities etc.) and germination characters (induced photo-dormancy) among the three different species of Arnaranthus sp. The results obtained are summarized as follows. The growth of the cultivar of A.hypochondriacus was more vigor than that of the wild plant of A.retroflexus during the whole life cycle. The fresh weight, dry weight, yield capacity of A.hypochondriacus were much more higher than those of the others two species (A.retroflexus and A.Cruenthus). There are very different germinability formation and induced dormancy patterns between the cultivar and wild plant during seed formation periods. The cultivar of A.hypochondriacus was not induced primary dormancy in the any seed formation stages but wild plant of A.retroflexus was induced deep true dormancy. We suggested that these differences occured by the sum of different absorption of solar energy spectrum by the different seed colors between the cultivar (white color seed) and wild (black seed). And we confirmed the different absorption spectrum of the three different Arnaranthus sp. seeds.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2020

This study was conducted to develop a technique for the stable production of Italian ryegrass(IRG) seeds in reclamation sites. Harvesting 35 days after heading in Autumn resulted in the highest production, an average of 2,232kg/ha. The production yield decreased due to seed loss as harvesting was delayed to 45 and 55 days post-heading. For the harvested 35 days post-heading, under growing rice sowing resulted in 80% seed yield of after rice sowing's; spring sowing resulted in 40%. After rice sowing using the domestic IRG seeds of 30kg/ha produced the highest seed yield of 2,507kg/ha. The highest straw yield has resulted when using the imported IRG seeds of 20kg/ha for after rice sowing 35 days post-heading fresh weight 36,667kg/ha, dry weight 14,500kg/ha, and TDN weight 7,895kg/ha.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.270-278
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• 2009

To understand the seed characteristics among cultivated types of Perilla crop and their weedy types in Korea and Japan, we studied the variation of 69 accessions by examining weight of 100 seeds, hardness of seed, germination percent and germination energy. The survey of the weight of 100 seeds and hardness of seed, clarified as follows; cultivated type of var. frutescens showed a range of 0.177 to 0.402 g with weight of 100 seeds, and most accessions of cultivated type of var. frutescens have soft seeds, except for several accessions, which have hard seeds, whereas weedy type of var. frutescens showed a range of 0.045 to 0.172 g with weight of 100 seeds, and has only hard seeds. While cultivated type of var. crispa showed a range of 0.054 to 0.101 g with weight of 100 seeds, and has only hard seeds. The weedy type of var. crispa showed a range of 0.059 to 0.135 g with weight of 100 seeds, and has only hard seeds. According to the result of germination tests, although the most accessions of cultivated and weedy types of var. frutescens and cultivated and weedy types of var. crispa showed below 50% germination rate at the first germination test, but some accessions of cultivated type of var. frutescens showed above 50% germination. While, in the second or third germination tests, most accessions of cultivated types of Perilla crop and their weedy types showed above 50% germination rates, except for several accessions. As a result, in this study, the average of germination percent and germination energy among accessions of cultivated types of Perilla crop and their weedy types showed respectively the highest value at the third germination test, but showed the lowest value at the first germination test. In addition, the germination percent and germination energy showed much higher in the room temperature condition than in $28^{\circ}C$ constant-temperature condition. Although our results may be required much clearly survey in the further study, this current results will be help for our understanding the variation of seed characteristics among cultivated types of Perilla crop and their weedy types in Korea and Japan.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.429-438
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• 2007

Early growth vigor(EGV) is one of the physiological characteristics that may contribute to the increase of genetic yield potential and radiation use efficiency by closing the canopy earlier. To estimate the genotypic variation of EGV, determine the relationships among the related traits, and identify the rapidly growing genotypes and indirect indicator for selection in breeding program, the evaluation of EGV and EGV-related traits was conducted for a total of 140 rice varieties consisting of 101 Korean, 25 Northern China and 14 IRRI-bred rice varieties in a serial sowing experiment in plastic rain shelter and plastic-covered nursery bed in 2003. EGV defined as the amount of leaf area and/or dry weight produced early in the season and the EGV-related traits such as length and breadth of the $2^{nd}\;and\;3^{rd}$ leaves showed highly significant positive correlation with the embryo and seed weight. Especially, the genotypic variation in the length of the third leaf was explained over 90% of genotypic variation in the seed weight. Owing to a large effect of seed size on EGV and its related traits, vigor measurements were adjusted based on their linear or exponential relationships with seed weight for excluding the seed weight effect. EGV and its related-traits adjusted for seed weight also showed big variation among genotypes. Increased EGV was genetically correlated with increases in breadth and length of early leaves. The broad-sense heritability for EGV was significantly high(81%), but lower than those of leaf breadth(90% for the $2^{nd}$ leaf and 93% for the $3^{rd}$ leaf) and length(87% for the $2^{nd}$ leaf and 89% for the $3^{rd}$ leaf). Significantly positive genetic correlations were found between EGV and the breadth and length of early leaves. The high heritability of early leaf breadth and length coupled with their strong genetic correlation with EGV indicated that the breadth and length of the $2^{nd}\;and\;3^{rd}$ leaf would be used as good indirect indicators for EGV selection in rice breeding program.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.225-236
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• 1990

We studied that seeds of wild radish with different size of weight can be obtained for the purpose of differentiation and growth of these seeds by total growth periods. This study is practised a view of plant eco-physiological side and dry-matter production. Through whole growth periods, we knowthat seed weight of L plots was higher than that of M and S plots. In the 33th day after day after germination, growth values of L, M and S plots were 13.93, 7.77, and 4.61 g/plant, respectively. Growth of shoot (cotyledon and leaf) area and shoot weight were shown the similar trends with individual plant dry-amtter weight. In the 33th day after germination, shoot area of L, M and S plots were 21.55, 11.81 and 8.75 $cm^3$/plant and shoot dry weight of L, M and S plots were 10.83, 6.03, 3.50 g/plant, respectively. In the early stage of growth (the 10-14th day after germination), the values of RGR of seed weight of L, M, S plots were 0.2887, 0.2807 and 0.2365 g/g/day, in the late stage of growth, those values of RGR of L, M, S plote were 0.2721, 0.1716, 0.1727 g/g/day, respectively. In the early stage of growth (the 14th day after germination), the values of NAR or L, M and S plots were 0.1513, 0.1373, and 0.1094 g/$cm^2$/day, respectively. It is thought that seed weights were influenced seriously effect in the early stage of growth. The NAR value, in the late stage of growth (the-28-33th day after germination), of L, M and S plots were not large different as 0.1086, 0.1097 and 0.112 g/$cm^2$/day, respectively. The LAR values of M and S (2.0396, 2.1520 $m^2$/g) plots, in the early stage of growth, were higher than L (1.9037 $m^2$/g) plots. In the late stage of growth, the value of LAR of L plots were nearly same as M plots, but the value of S plots were higher than that of L and M plots (0.0458 $m^2$/g). And, in the early stage of growth, the values of SLA of L, M and S plots were 2.2123, 2.2107 and 2.8448 $m^2$/g, respectively. We measured the photosynthetic rates and the respiratory rates as the physiological characteristics of wild radish. In the early stage of growth, the photosynthetic rates of L, M and S plots were 12.4, 14.4, 9.8 $\mu$mol /$m^2$/sec and 9.4, 11.4, 9.8 $\mu$mol/$m^2$ /sec in the late stage of growth, respectively. In this result, it could be informed that photosynthetic rates in the late stage of growth were lower than the early stage. In the middle stage of growth, the respiratory rates were 0.793, $\mu$mol/$m^2$/min in shoot, and 3.28 $\mu$mol/$m^2$/min in root without relation to seed weight. The growth analysis of plants was used by Hunt & Parson s computer program (1974, 1981) and its results used this program were good. Therefore, in this sense, it could be expected that the computer program used and developed largely in researches of plant growth.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 1999

Grapes (large seed strains)were treated with fumigation using SO\ulcorner and seal-packaged by PE film, then storage at 0$^{\circ}C$ at 90$^{\circ}C$ RH for the test of storage life. The fruits weight loss and abnormal fruits increased with storage. The abnormal fruits were rapidly produced after 80 days, however, these rates of Rubel muscat and Shingyoku were only 8.0 and 8.3%, respectively. After 90 days, the rate of Rubel muscat was 19.1%, resulting in the least rate. Moisture content of Kaiji and Honey black slightly increased and that of other grapes decreased. Soluble solids content and acidity decreased except Shingyoku and Honey black, however, sugar/acid ratio increased with these strains. The external appearances were depressed with storage but sensory test value of Shingyoku, Honey black, Rubel muscat were ranged from 7 to 9, showing good evaluation. The hardness of Honey black after 90 days resulted in the highest value 0.51 and that of Izunishiki and Kaiji were 0.23-0.25, showing the least value.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.267-272
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• 2004

This study was conducted to develop functional muffin in which grape seed extract(GSE) was added at 0, 0.5, 1 or 2% levels and to evaluate the quality characteristics. The volume of muffin decreased with the increasing GSE content, but no significant differences were observed. The weight and height of muffins increased with the increasing GSE content. The incorporation of GSE in the product lowered lightness (L value) and increased redness(a value). The mechanical texture parameters including hardness, springiness, gumminess and brittleness increased with the increasing GSE levels. Sensory analysis showed that muffin prepared with 0.5% GSE was considered to be as acceptable as control, based on hedonic scale ratings given by untrained taste panel.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.307-310
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• 2004

It was found that seed germination and seedling growth of selected species were inhibited by phytotoxic substance released from fir trees. The aqueous extracts of leaves caused significant inhibition in the seed germination of the receptor plants, Whereas seed germination of some species was not inhibited in extracts of leaves, but seedling elongation of the receptor plants was also decreased by the aqueous extract. Dry weight growth was slightly increased in lower concentration of the extract, while that was proportionally inhibited by higher concentration of the extracts. Chemical substances of fir trees were shown the biological toxicity. The GC method was employed for analysis of phytotoxic chemicals and sixteen chemical substances were identified such as benzoic, phenylacetic, etc. Also 33 volatile substances were identified from the fir tree. These chemical compounds are assumed the substances related to allelopathic potential of Abies holophylla plant species.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.333-337
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• 1997

Pods and kernels of two peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars, a Shinpung type, Shindaekwangtangkong and a Virginia bunch type, Namdaetangkong were harvested periodically after the gynophore earthing in the field condition and their developments were monitored by observation of the changes in size, weight and moisture content. Seed germinability and seedling vigor were tested to set up a method for hastening the generation advancement in breeding procedure. Pods and kernels reached the maximum in size at 30 to 40 days after gynophore earthing and at that time the kernels had one hundred percent germinability and the seedlings sprouted from those kernels exhibited practically acceptable viability enough to grow for the next generation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.82-87
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• 2002

The purposes of this study are to investigate water content and treatment period in Solid Matrix Priming(SMP; method for enhanced rapid and uniform seedling emergence in tobacco seeds). The higher water content made the faster imbibition speed of tobacco seed. But the radicle emergence shorten the period of water equilibrium. The range of water content in SMP treatment within the limits of no radicle emergence of tobacco seed was 28∼32% to dry weight of tobacco seed. The rate of radicle emergence and seedling emergence was higher in water content 30% and 40% treatment plot than that in 50% and 60% treatment plot. But it was not different between SMP treatment and non-SMP treatment. In water content 40% during 9 days treatment, germinative energy was highest, and T50 and mean germination time(MGT) were the shortest. The germination speed was higher in SMP treatment than that in non-SMP treatment. It was not different on the germination rate between non-SMP treatment and SMP treatment.