• 한국작물학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.143-158
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• 2009

This experiment was carried out to examine ecological response and soybean quality as affected by environmental cultivation for producing high seed quality in domestic soybean variety. The results are as follows: Under equal cumulative temperature condition, soybean plants grown in Muju showed longer days to flowering, which was an effect of the long day-length on high latitudes, and longer duration of reproductive stage as a result of low temperature within that period. Considering apparent seed quality, 100 seed weight of soybeans grown in Muju was heavier than Miryang. Ratio of seed crack and disease-damaged seeds was lower in Muju, and these parameters decreases as planting was delayed. The protein contents did not show significant difference in terms of altitude and planting date, however, crude oil contents were higher in Miryang. An opposite trend was observed in C18:1 and C18:3. In the fatty acid composition, the proportion of C18:1 decreased as seeding date was delayed, and was higher in Miryang. Opposite observations were obtained from C18:3. The anthocyanin contents were highest on June 10 planting and higher in Muju than in Miryang. Isoflavone content was higher as seeding date was delayed and is similar accross seeding dates in Muju. As a summary, for high seed quality production the optimum planting date was June 10, and Muju was more suitable region than Miryang.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.118-123
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• 2020

The black seed coat of soybeans contain anthocyanins which promote health. However, mature soybean seeds contain anti-nutritional factors like lipoxygenase, lectin and Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor (KTI) proteins. Furthermore, these seeds can be used only after the genetic elimination of these proteins. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop novel soybean genotypes with black seed coat and triple recessive alleles (lx1lx1lx2lx2lx3lx3, titilele) for lipoxygenase, lectin, and KTI proteins. From a cross of parent1 (lx1lx2lx3/lx1lx2lx3, ti/ti, Le/Le) and parent2 (lx1lx2lx3/lx1lx2lx3, Ti/Ti, le/le), 132 F₂ seeds were obtained. A 3:1 segregation ratio was observed during F₂ seed generation for the inheritance of lectin and KTI proteins. Between a cross of the Le and Ti genes, the observed independent inheritance ratio in the F₂ seed generation was 9: 3 : 3 : 1 (69 Le_Ti_: 32 leleTi_: 22 Le_titi: 9 leletiti) (χ²=2.87, P=0.5 - 0.1). From nine F₂ seeds with triple recessive alleles (lx1lx1lx2lx2lx3lx3, titilele genotype), one novel strain posessing black seed coat, and free of lipoxygenase, lectin and KTI proteins, was selected. The seed coat color of the new strain was black and the cotyledon color of the mature seed was green. The weight of 100 seeds belonging to the new strain was 35.4 g. This black soybean strain with lx1lx1lx2lx2lx3lx3, titilele genotype is a novel strain free of lipoxygenase, lectin, and KTI proteins.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2010

The seed powder of Abrus precatorius L. has traditionally been used as oral contraceptive agent by the women in some rural areas in Bangladesh. The present study aimed to examine the antifertility activity of A. precatorius seed extracts in experimental female rats. Finely ground seeds were extracted with aqueous acetone followed by successive partitioning with n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methanol (MeOH) and water. Water suspended crude seed powder, organic fractions of acetone extract and a standard contraceptive drug ($Nordette^{(R)}28$) were separately administered orally to the female rats for 30 days. n-Hexane, EtOAc and MeOH solubles at the doses of 2, 4 and 6 mg/rat/day, respectively and crude seed powder at 100 mg/rat/day exhibited 100% antifertility activity with lowest levels of serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and $17{\beta}$-estradiol. Histological study of ovary and uterus of these rats exhibited reduced number of developing follicles and increased number of atretic follicles in the ovary, and fewer uterine glands with shrunken morphology, reduced endometrial height, poor vascularity and compact stroma in uterus. However, the activities of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase and the body weight of the rats remained almost unaffected in all the seed extract treated rats compared to control. These results suggest that A. precatorius seed extracts reduced the levels of serum FSH, LH and $17{\beta}$-estradiol probably by affecting hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The reduced levels of these hormones might have affected the oestrous cycle, follicular development, and subsequently the establishment of pregnancy in treated rats.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.112-119
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• 2005

The effects of Rhizobium inoculant, nitrogen, phosphorus, and molybdenum on nodulation, dry matter production, yield attributes, pod and seed yields, protein and phosphorus contents in seed of pea (pisum sativum) var. IPSA Motorshuti-3 were assessed by a field experiment. Among the treatments Rhizobium inoculant in combination with 25kg P and 1.5kg Mo/ha performed best in recording number of nodules/plant, total dry matter yield, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, 1000-seed weight, green pod yield, green and mature seed yields of pea. The highest green pod yield of 15.37 t/ha ($97.05\%$ increase over control) and green seed yield of 9.6t/ha ($69.31\%$ increase over control) were obtained by inoculating pea with Rhizobium inoculant in association with 25kg P and 1.5 Mo/ha. The effects of 60 or 120kg N/ha were comparable to Rhizobium inoculant in most cases. There were positive correlations among yield attributes, yield, protein and phosphorus contents in seeds of pea. From the viewpoint of yield attributes, yield, and seed quality, application of Rhizobium inoculant along with 25kg P and 1.5kg Mo/ha was considered to be the balanced combination of nutrients for achieving the maximum output from cultivation of pea in Shallow-Red Brown Terrace Soil of Bangladesh.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.329-333
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• 2006

Soybean quality is determined based on protein content, lipid content and fatty acid composition, and several functional components including isoflavones, anthocyanins and functional activity. Because the level of each component changes during seed development, it is necessary to know the concentration of quality-related components in developing seeds. Little is known of the pattern of changes in quality-related components. Seeds from field-grown soybean was harvest from the $R_6$ stage to the $R_8$ stage in 2004. Seed characteristics and the level of nutritional components were examined. Seed moisture content was dropped rapidly after the $R_7$ stage in the tested varieties. Seed growth rate was the highest from the beginning of the $R_6$ stage to the mid-$R_6$ stage. Chlorophyll content was decreased rapidly in pods and seeds. However, seed growth period from the $R_6\;to\;R_8$ was 35 days. The crude protein content was. increased dramatically between 63 DAF and 70 DAF and then increased slightly. The pattern of isoflavone accumulation was nearly similar to that of seed weight increase. From the late $R_6$ stage to the $R_7$, the accumulation rate was higher as compared to other stages. The angiotensin inhibitory activity was increased according to seed development from 63 ($R_6$) to 84 DAF ($R_8$). The difference of inhibitory activity in heated soybean powder, however, was not great among stages. The inhibitory activity was affected by heating treatment. The most effective heating time was 10 min. Excessive heating longer than 30 min resulted in a lowered inhibitory activity of soybean on ACE.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.116-124
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• 2017

This study was investigated quality characteristics of gluten-free noodles added guar gum and basil seed gum (BSG). Gluten-free noodles were prepared using corn flour and corn starch and added 1% and 2% of guar gum and basil seed gum. Water binding capacity was measured by centrifuge, and moisture content was obtained by moisture analyzer. Color of noodles was measured from the midsection of noodles. Water absorption of noodles was calculated by weight of uncooked and cooked noodles. pH of noodles was measured by pH meter. Texture and tensile strength were obtained by rheometer. SPSS 12.0 program was used for significant differences by Duncan's multiple range test. Water binding capacity of noodles was the highest in 2% basil seed gum but 1% guar gum was the lowest. Moisture content was not different in uncooked noodles, but 1% guar had the highest moisture content in cooked noodles. Water absorption of noodles was high in basil seed gum group. pH of noodles was more increased in guar gum additions than basil seed gum additions. For hardness, control had the lowest as 16.09 N, but 2% guar gum showed the highest as 28.40 N. Tensile strength of noodles was increased by adding gums. These results suggested that 1% basil seed gum could be good materials for manufacturing gluten-free noodles in order to improve quality characteristics.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.339-346
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• 2016

This study was carried out to develop an effective seed propagation method for Thalictrum rochebrunianum var. grandisepalum (H. Lev.) Nakai by analyzing seed dormancy types and germination characteristics. Seeds were collected between September to October at Gangwon province, and well-selected seeds were used while being dry-stored at 4±1℃. The seed size ranged 4.52 × 1.58 ㎜ and the weight of thousand seeds were 1,603.5 ± 0.02 ㎎. The moisture content was 7.2%. Seeds were achene type, and morphology characters showed an elliptical shape and rough texture, and light brown in color. Moist-chilling treatment was conducted for dormancy breaking because the seeds had an undeveloped embryo of liner type. The embryo had developed during a moist-chilling period, constantly, and fully developed in 10 weeks. Consequently, it seemed to be non-deep complex or intermediate complex type of morphophysiological dormancy, and embryo dormancy was broken by wet-chilling for 10 weeks. After 10 weeks of wet-chilling treatment, seed germination began. Germination percentage was higher in dark condition raher than light condition and recorded the maximum at 25℃ in the dark (16.3%). A pre-soaking treatment with a combined plant growth hormones promoted germination and shortened T₅₀. Specifically, seed germination of 84.5% was achieved by pre-soaking of seeds with a combined solution of 500 ㎎/L GA₃ and 10 ㎎/L kinetin for 24 h after a wet-chilling treatment for 10 weeks. Thus the effect of plant growth hormones coupled with chilling temperature on seed breaking dormancy provide asubsequent growth of seedlings for successful plantation.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.302-307
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• 1996

1. 종피에 함유된 anthocyanin은 1% HCl-Methanol 용액에 3회 추출하는 것이 가장 효과적이었고, anthocyanin함량은 수집계통별로 매우 다양하였으며, 종피 색깔별로는 흑색계통의 anthocyanin함량이 평균 15.07$ extperthousand$로 가장 높았던 반면 갈색 아주까리형 계통이 0.31$\textperthousand$로 가장 낮았다. 2. 수집 흑색종피 계통중 종피내 자엽색깔별 평균 anthocyanin은 대체로 녹색자엽을 가진 계통이 황색 자엽계통에 비해 높았고, 성숙기가 늦은 계통일수록 anthocyanln이 많이 축적되는 경향을 나타내었으며, 100립중, 개화일수 및 생육일수가 anthocyanin함량에 정의 상관을 보인 반면 결실일수와는 고도의 부의 상관을 나타내었다. 3. 수집 흑색종피 계통을 성숙기군별로 분류한 결과 대부분이 V 및 Ⅵ군에 속하였고 생육일수가 비교적 긴 Ⅵ군이 V군에 비해 anthocyanin함량이 상대적으로 높은 경향이었으며, 파종기별 anthocyanin함량은 5월 15일 에 파종하였을 경우 가장 높았다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.287-293
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• 1987

호밀 적ㆍ만기 파종에서 종자성숙 및 파종량이 출아, 생육, 청예 건물수량 및 종실수량에 미치는 영향을 구명하고저 경북 경산군 영남대학교 농장에서 재래종(팔당호밀)을 공시하여 파종기 10월 28 일(적기) 및 11월 11일(만기)로 하고 파종기별로 출수후 45일 및 30일에 수확한 종자를 파종량을 달리하여 ( 1$m^2$당 300입, 450입, 600입, 750입, 900입) 시험을 실시하였다. 출아수 및 분얼수는 적기파종에서 출수후 30일과 45일 종자간에 차이가 없었고, 파종량을 증가할 때 출아수가 증가하고 분얼수는 감소하는 경향이 있었고, 만기파종에서는 출수후 45일 종자에서 30일 종자보다 출아수와 분얼수가 많았으며 파종량 증가에 따른 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 만파에서 출수후 30일 종자는 파종량 증가로서 적정주수 확보가 어렵다. 출수기는 적ㆍ만파에서 출수후 30일 종자가 2~3 일 늦었다. 청예수양은 만파에서 크게 감소하였고 적ㆍ만파모두 파종량을 높일 때 청예수량도 증대되어 적기파종에서 750립 / $m^2$( 15kg/ 10a)의 파종량에서 최대가 되었고, 출수후 30일 종자는 만파에서 현저하게 낮았다. 수수 및 1000입중은 적기파종에서 만기파종보다, 그리고 만기파종에서는 출수후 45일 종자로서 파종량 750립/$m^2$ ( 15kg/10a) 이상에서는 적기파종의 종실수량 수준까지 접근할 수 있었다. 출수후 30일 종자는 만기파종에서 파종량을 증가하여도 출아율이 낮고 청예 및 종실수량이 심하게 감소되어 종자로 이용하기는 불안정하다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.183-200
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• 1989

1987년(年) 국제(國際) 미작연구소(米作硏究所)(IRRI)에서 벼와 잡초(雜草)의 건물생산(乾物生産) 및 종자(鐘子) 생산특성(生産特性)을 조사(調査)하여 이들 특성(特性)이 환경적응(環境適應) 전략(戰略)과의 관계(關係)를 구명(究明)하기 위해 벼 2품종(品種)과 논잡초(雜草) 7종(種)을 공시(供試)하여 시험(試驗)하였던 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 환경적응(環境適應) 전략(戰略)은 잡초(雜草)에 따라 다르게 나타났으며, 대체(大體)로 종자생산(鐘子生産) 전략(戰略)이 가장 중요(重要)한 적응(適應) 전략(戰略)이었다. 방동산이 과(科) 잡초(雜草)인 바람하늘직이와 알방동산이는 높은 재생력(再生力)(Ratooning ability))과 낮은 상대개화(相對開花) 건물중(乾物重)(첫 개화시(開花時) 건물중(乾物重)/일생중(一生中) 최대(最大) 건물중(乾物重)${\times}$100))으로 대단(大斷)히 많은 종자(種子)를 효율적(效率的)으로 생산(生産)하였으며, 광엽잡초(廣葉雜草)인 물달개비와 여뀌바늘의 경우 높은 조형력((造形力)(Plasticity))과 낮은 상대개화건물중(相對開花乾物重)(물달개비), 또는 매우 높은 광합성(光合成) 효율(效率)(여뀌바늘)을 통(通)하여 많은 종자(種子)를 효율적(效率的)으로 생산(生産)하였고, 화본과(禾本科) 잡초(雜草)인 피 종류(種類)는 효율적(效率的)인 생장(生長)(순동화율(純同化率), 상대생장율(相對生長率))과 높은 Ratooning ability(Echinochloa glabrescens, 강피일종 및 Echinochloa colona, 돌피 일종) 또는 낮은 상대개화건물중(相對開花乾物重)(E. glabrescens)을 통(通)하여 효율적(效率的)인 종자생산(鐘子生産)을 하였다. 수확지수(收種指數)(Harvest index)는 벼에 비(比)해 잡초(雜草)가 전반적(全般的)으로 낮았고, 재생력(再生力)(Ratooning ability)은 바람하늘직이가 가장 높았고, 다음으로는 알방동산이, E. colona, E. glabrescens 순(順)이였다. 종자생산력(種子生産力)은 알방동산이(주당(株當) 약(約)279,000개(個))와 여뀌바늘(268,000개(個)/주(株)이 가장 높았고, 벼는 가장 낮은 종자생산력(種子生産力)을 보였다(1,300~6,100개(個)/주(株)). 그러나 종자(種子)무게는 종자수(種子數)와는 부(負)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 보였다(대수관계식(對數關係式)).