• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.98-107
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• 2017

A DNA profile database was constructed to investigate the genetic relatedness of 72 germplasm samples of Pyrus and related cultivars using microsatellite markers. Three P. pyrifolia, four P. commus, and one P. betulifolia cultivars with different morphological traits were screened using 387 pairs of microsatellite primers. A core set of 11 primer pairs was selected to obtain 133 polymorphic amplified fragments meeting three criteria: high polymorphism information contents (PIC), high repeatability, and distinct allele patterns. The number of alleles per locus ranged between 4 and 22. Average PIC was 0.743 (range: 0.557 - 0.879). Cluster analysis using the unweighted pair - group method with arithmetical average (UPGMA) separated the 72 pear cultivars and germplasm samples into four major groups: Chinese, European pears, and a cluster of 55 Asian pears that could be reclassify into two subcluster, I - $1^{st}$ and II - $2^{nd}$, according to pedigree information. Almost all of the cultivars were discriminated by 11 microsatellite marker genotypes. The microsatellite DNA profile database may be utilized as tool to verify distinctness, uniformity, and stability between candidate cultivar, and to verify in the distinctness of existing cultivars.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2014

The effect of elevated $CO_2$ and temperature on ecological characteristics of Cicuta virosa L., the endangered plant were examined under ambient $CO_2$+ambient temperature(AC-AT), ambient $CO_2$+elevated temperature(AC-ET) and elevated $CO_2$+elevated temperature for two years. Shoot length and the number of umbels were not different in three environmental gradients. The number of tillers was high in the order of EC-ET, AC-ET and AC-AT. The number of compound umbel was the lowest in the EC-ET. Fruit set rate was the highest in the AC-AT. These results mean that unsexual propagation of C. virosa may increase by promoting growth of tillers, rather than seed production under future global warming. This population growth study will be used as the important data for the research of Korean endangered species.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.997-1006
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• 2018

As shown during the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (A(H1N1)pdm09) outbreak, egg-based influenza vaccine production technology is insufficient to meet global demands during an influenza pandemic. Therefore, there is a need to adapt cell culture-derived vaccine technology using suspended cell lines for more rapid and larger-scale vaccine production. In this study, we attempted to generate a high-growth influenza vaccine strain in MDCK cells using an A/Puerto/8/1934 (H1N1) vaccine seed strain. Following 48 serial passages with four rounds of virus plaque purification in MDCK cells, we were able to select several MDCK-adapted plaques that could grow over $10^8PFU/ml$. Genetic characterization revealed that these viruses mainly had amino acid substitutions in internal genes and exhibited higher polymerase activities. By using a series of Rg viruses, we demonstrated the essential residues of each gene and identified a set of high-growth strains in MDCK cells ($PB1_{D153N}$, $M1_{A137T}$, and $NS1_{N176S}$). In addition, we confirmed that in the context of the high-growth A/PR/8/34 backbone, A/California/7/2009 (H1N1), A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2), and A/environment/Korea/deltaW150/2006 (H5N1) also showed significantly enhanced growth properties (more than $10^7PFU/ml$) in both attached- and suspended-MDCK cells compared with each representative virus and the original PR8 vaccine strain. Taken together, this study demonstrates the feasibility of a cell culture-derived approach to produce seed viruses for influenza vaccines that are cheap and can be grown promptly and vigorously as a substitute for egg-based vaccines. Thus, our results suggest that MDCK cell-based vaccine production is a feasible option for producing large-scale vaccines in case of pandemic outbreaks.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.119-125
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• 2015

Interspecific crosses between rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and chinese cabbage (B. campestris var. pekinensis Makino) and turnip (B. rapa L.) were made in order to examine the cross possibility and morphological phenotype of $F_1$ hybrid. The growth of pollen tube of cross between rapeseed and chinese cabbage was more rapid than cross between rapeseed and turnip. Silique formation and seed setting in silique were relatively high in the cross between rapeseed and chinese cabbage. The percentage of silique set from interspecific cross between rapeseed and chinese cabbage was 90.6% and higher 23.3% than the percentage of silique from interspecific cross rapeseed and turnip. The average number of seed per silique obtained from the cross rapeseed and chinese cabbage, and rapeseed and turnip reached 15.5 and 11.6, respectively. The morphological phenotypes of $F_1$ hybrid plants obtained from seeds in the cross between rapeseed and chinese cabbage resembled rapeseed mainly, but leaf length and leaf width were increased. The size, shape and lobation of leaves of $F_1$ hybrid plants from interspecific cross between rapeseed and turnip were intermediated between their parent species, but color of leaves was dark-green.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.413-422
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• 2018

Soybean transgenic plants with ectopically expressed AtABF3 were produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and investigated the effects of AtABF3 expression on drought and salt tolerance. Stable Agrobacterium-mediated soybean transformation was carried based on the half-seed method (Paz et al. 2006). The integration of the transgene was confirmed from the genomic DNA of transformed soybean plants using PCR and the copy number of transgene was determined by Southern blotting using leaf samples from $T_2$ seedlings. In addition to genomic integration, the expression of the transgenes was analyzed by RT-PCR and most of the transgenic lines expressed the transgenes introduced. The chosen two transgenic lines (line #2 and #9) for further experiment showed the substantial drought stress tolerance by surviving even at the end of the 20-day of drought treatment. And the positive relationship between the levels of AtABF3 gene expression and drought-tolerance was confirmed by qRT-PCR and drought tolerance test. The stronger drought tolerance of transgenic lines seemed to be resulted from physiological changes. Transgenic lines #2 and #9 showed ion leakage at a significantly lower level (P < 0.01) than ${\underline{n}}on-{\underline{t}}ransgenic$ (NT) control. In addition, the chlorophyll contents of the leaves of transgenic lines were significantly higher (P < 0.01). The results indicated that their enhanced drought tolerance was due to the prevention of cell membrane damage and maintenance of chlorophyll content. Water loss by transpiration also slowly proceeded in transgenic plants. In microscopic observation, higher stomata closure was confirmed in transgenic lines. Especially, line #9 had 56% of completely closed stomata whereas only 16% were completely open. In subsequent salt tolerance test, the apparently enhanced salt tolerance of transgenic lines was measured in ion leakage rate and chlorophyll contents. Finally, the agronomic characteristics of ectopically expressed AtABF3 transgenic plants ($T_2$) compared to NT plants under regular watering (every 4 days) or low rate of watering condition (every 10 days) was investigated. When watered regularly, the plant height of drought-tolerant line (#9) was shorter than NT plants. However, under the drought condition, total seed weight of line #9 was significantly higher than in NT plants (P < 0.01). Moreover, the pods of NT plants showed severe withering, and most of the pods failed to set normal seeds. All the evidences in the study clearly suggested that overexpression of the AtABF3 gene conferred drought and salt tolerance in major crop soybean, especially under the growth condition of low watering.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.3 s.61
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• pp.239-246
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• 2000

In this paper. we propose a semi-automatic segmentation algorithm to extract organ in 3D medical data by using a manually segmentation result in a sing1e slice. Generally region glowing based tracking method consists of 3 steps object projection. seed extraction and boundary decision by region growing. But because the boundary between organs in medical data is vague, improper seeds make the boundary dig into the organ or extend to the false region. In the proposed algorithm seeds are carefully extracted to find suitable boundaries between organs after region growing. And the jagged boundary at low gradient region after region growing is corrected by post-processing using Fourier descriptor. Also two-path tracking make it possible to catch up newly appeared areas. The proposed algorithm provides satisfactory results in segmenting 1 mm distance kidneys from X-rav CT body image set of 82 slices.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.54-65
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• 1980

The 165 collections originated from domestic and foreign countries were tested to evaluate the fatty acid composition of sesame for using as a basic research for oil quality improvement. The Korean and American varieties were lower content in saturated fatty acid and higher especially in unsaturated fatty acids (Oleic and Linoleic acid) than those of other regions. Varieties from temperate areas were higher in unsaturated fatty acid than that of varieties from tropical areas. On the other hand, the varieties which were late matured and had yellow seed coat color and set three capsules showed higher in unsaturated fatty acids than those of early matured, white seed coat and one capsules. Since there was significantly negative correlation between unsaturated fatty acid and saturated fatty acid contents, it was possible to improve the fatty acid composition of sesame.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.265-272
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• 2007

This proposed gamma (${\gamma}$) correction system is developed to reduce the difference between non-linear gamma curve produced by a typical formula and result produced by the proposed algorithm. In order to reduce the difference, the proposed system is using the Least Squares Polynomial which is calculating the best fitting polynomial through a set of points which is sampled. Each system is consisting of continuous several kinds of equations and having their own overlap sections to get more precise. Based on the algorithm verified by MATLAB, the proposed systems are implemented by using Verilog-HDL. This paper will compare the previous algorithm of gamma system such as Existing system with Seed Table with the latest that such as Proposed system. The former and the latter system have 1, 2 clock latency; each 1 result per clock. Because each of the error range (LSB) is $1{\sim}+1,\;0{\sim}+36$, we can how that Proposed system is improved. Under the condition of SAMSUNG STD90 0.35 worst case, each gate count is 2,063, 2,564 gates and each maximum data arrival time is 29.05[ns], 17.52[ns], respectively.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.599-602
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• 2009

A single cross hybrid, Heukjinjuchal, is a black color waxy corn (Zea mays L.) developed by the maize breeding team at NICS in 2008. Heukjinjuchal was produced by crossing two inbred lines, KBW24 as seed parent and KBW2 as pollen parent. Ear length and ear diameter of Heukjinjuchal was 16.0 cm and 4.4 cm, respectively. The ratio of kernel set length/ear length was 89%, similar with that of a check hybrid, Chalok1. It is resistant to Northern corn leaf blight disease and also lodging tolerant. Fresh ear yield of Heukjinjuchal comparable with those of a check hybrid, Chalok1 in regional yield trials for three years. Seed production of this hybrid is relatively easy because of well overlapping period of silking and pollen dispersal between the two parents. This cultivar would be well adaptable to the whole country.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.510-515
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• 2018

Hwangmichal, a yellow waxy corn hybrid, is a single cross hybrid developed in 2014. This hybrid was created by crossing the seed parent KY30 and pollen parent KY9. Hwangmichal has yellow kernels with a conico-cylindrical ear shape. The days to silking of Hwangmichal were similar to that of Ilmichal, a check hybrid. The ear height ratio of Hwangmichal was 50%, which was lower than that of Ilmichal, and its number of tillers was less than that of Ilmichal. The ear size of Hwangmichal was smaller than that of Ilmichal and the kernel set ratio was 89%. Its sensory evaluation was better than that of Ilmichal. The carotenoid content of Hwangmichal was $32.2{\mu}g/g$, which was much higher than that of Ilmichal. Lodging resistance of Hwangmichal was better than that of Ilmichal. Although the number of fresh ears of Hwangmichal was more than that of Ilmichal, the weight of fresh ears was lower than that of Ilmichal. The flowering period of its parent lines was well matched and seed production was 3:1 at a planting density of parent lines of more than 2:1. It is adaptable to the whole country except for Jeju-do. The plant variety protection right of Hwangmichal was registered in June 2017, and its grant number is 6728.