• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.701-706
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• 2014

Three highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum cvs. Bluecrop, Coville, and Northland) grown in an open field and in a rain shelter were compared to evaluate the potential benefits of rain-sheltering systems on growth and fruit quality. Shrubs grown in rain shelter flowered 5-14 days earlier and were in full bloom earlier than those in the open field. All three cultivars set fruit by nearly 90% of flowers when they were grown in the open field, but was markedly reduced when they were grown in the rain shelter, to approximately 50% for 'Bluecrop' and 'Coville'. Fruit sets ratio of 'Northland' grown in the in the rain shelter was 14.5. Fruit from greenhouse-grown 'Northland' were larger, heavier, and had more seeds per berry. Soluble sugar content (SSC) of fruits varied both with the cultivars and growing conditions. SSC of fruits grown in the greenhouse was higher in 'Bluecrop' compared to that grown in the field, but this pattern was reversed in 'Northland'. Titratable acid was significantly higher in fruits from rain shelter-grown shrubs of both 'Bluecrop' and 'Northland' than in fruits from open field-grown shrubs (P < 0.05), although there was no difference in TA with respect to growing conditions for 'Coville'. The number of seed per fruit, fruit length and diameter, weight, SSC, and TA were similar in 'Coville' shrubs grown in the open field and the rain shelter. Fruit firmness of 'Bluecrop', 'Coville', and 'Northland' was higher in the rain shelter than in the open field. 'Coville' and 'Northland' fruits harvested in the open field had higher blue chroma than those harvested in the rain shelter. However, this pattern was reversed for 'Bluecrop'. On the whole, sheltering from rain affected most fruit characteristics of the three cultivars differently. Therefore, suitable blueberry cultivars for the rain shelter should be chosen by purpose.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2021

Seismic designs for Korean nuclear power plants (NPPs) under earthquakes' design basis are noticed due to the recent earthquake events in Korea and Japan. Japan has developed the technologies and experiences of the NPPs through theoretical research and experimental verification with extensively accumulated measurement data. This paper describes the main features of the design-time history complying with the Japanese seismic design standard. Proper seed motions in the earthquake catalog are used to generate one set of design time histories. A magnitude and epicentral distance specify the amplitude envelope function configuring the shape of the earthquake. Cumulative velocity response spectral values of the design time histories are compared and checked to the target response spectra. Spectral accelerations of the time histories and the multiple-damping target response spectra are also checked to exceed. The generated design time histories are input to the reactor building seismic analyses with fixed-base boundary conditions to calculate the seismic responses. Another set of design time histories is generated to comply with Korean seismic design procedures for NPPs and used for seismic input motions to the same reactor containment building seismic analyses. The responses at the dome apex of the building are compared and analyzed. The generated design time histories will be also applied to subsequent seismic analyses of other Korean standard NPP structures.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2018

We investigated the effects of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colony size on the pollination of greenhouse-cultivated watermelon grown under the forcing cultivation system. The highest pollination activity of bees was observed ($14.3{\pm}5.0$ honey bees/day) when the bee colony size was 10,000 followed by 7,500 and 5,000 honey bees. There was a positive correlation between the bee colony size and pollination activity (R = 0.262) but insignificant difference in fruit set with different honey bee colony sizes (88%-91%). Evaluation of physical properties revealed that the weight and shape of watermelon were also not significantly different among different colony sizes. However, larger the bee colony size, higher the number of seeds were fertilized and rate of seed fertilization (p > 0.05). Number of seeds and content of sugar were negatively correlated (R = -0.714). Fertilized seeds showed a significant increase in mealy flesh, which has a negative effect on fruit quality, compared with that of the unfertilized seeds. Overall, we found that a colony size of 5,000 honey bees was the most effective for the pollination of watermelon grown under forcing cultivation. A comparison of the effects of bee pollination with those of artificial pollination suggested that artificial pollination can be effectively replaced by bee pollination in the forcing cultivation of watermelon, because fruit set, weight, and shape by bee pollination were similar to those achieved by artificial pollination.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.942-947
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• 2010

본 연구는 인공 수분 후 화분관이 신장중인 암술대의 암술머리 또는 암술대 상부가 기계적인 장해를 받은 경우 암술대 내부에서의 화분관 신장과 착과가 어떻게 영향을 받는지 알아보기 위해 수행하였다. 화분관이 신장중인 암술대의 암술머리 부위에 장해를 받은 경우, 암술대 내부에서 화분관이 암술대의 중간 부위 이상으로 신장한 상태에 있는 인공 수분 48시간 후에 암술대의 상단 부위를 절단한 처리에서는 화분관이 정상적으로 신장하고, 착과율도 비교적 높게 나타났으나, 화분관 신장이 중간 부위까지 신장하지 않은 경우에 암술대가 제거된 처리에서는 착과가 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 이는 화분관이 신장함에 따라 화분관 기부 근처에 형성되어 화분관 진행 방향으로 일정 간격을 두고 형성되는 캘로즈 마개가 불완전하게 형성되었기 때문에 상단부 절단으로 화분관이 개방되고, 화분관 신장에 필요한 팽압의 유지가 곤란하여 화분관 신장이 지연되거나 정지되어 수정에 이르지 못한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.8-9
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• 2017

Soybean yield has been low and unstable in Japan and other areas in East Asia, despite long history of cultivation. This is contrasting with consistent increase of yield in North and South America. This presentation tries to describe perspective of breaking stagnation of soybean yield in East Asia, considering the factors of the different yields between regions. Large amount of rainfall with occasional dry-spell in the summer is a nature of monsoon climate and as frequently stated excess water is the factor of low and unstable soybean yield. For example, there exists a great deal of field-to-field variation in yield of 'Tanbaguro' soybean, which is reputed for high market value and thus cultivated intensively and this results in low average yield. According to our field survey, a major portion of yield variation occurs in early growth period. Soybean production on drained paddy fields is also vulnerable to drought stress after flowering. An analysis at the above study site demonstrated a substantial field-to-field variation of canopy transpiration activity in the mid-summer, but the variation of pod-set was not as large as that of early growth. As frequently mentioned by the contest winners of good practice farming, avoidance of excess water problem in the early growth period is of greatest importance. A series of technological development took place in Japan in crop management for stable crop establishment and growth, that includes seed-bed preparation with ridge and/or chisel ploughing, adjustment of seed moisture content, seed treatment with mancozeb+metalaxyl and the water table control system, FOEAS. A unique success is seen in the tidal swamp area in South Sumatra with the Saturated Soil Culture (SSC), which is for managing acidity problem of pyrite soils. In 2016, an average yield of $2.4tha^{-1}$ was recorded for a 450 ha area with SSC (Ghulamahdi 2017, personal communication). This is a sort of raised bed culture and thus the moisture condition is kept markedly stable during growth period. For genetic control, too, many attempts are on-going for better emergence and plant growth after emergence under excess water. There seems to exist two aspects of excess water resistance, one related to phytophthora resistance and the other with better growth under excess water. The improvement for the latter is particularly challenging and genomic approach is expected to be effectively utilized. The crop model simulation would estimate/evaluate the impact of environmental and genetic factors. But comprehensive crop models for soybean are mainly for cultivations on upland fields and crop response to excess water is not fully accounted for. A soybean model for production on drained paddy fields under monsoon climate is demanded to coordinate technological development under changing climate. We recently recognized that the yield potential of recent US cultivars is greater than that of Japanese cultivars and this also may be responsible for different yield trends. Cultivar comparisons proved that higher yields are associated with greater biomass production specifically during early seed filling, in which high and well sustained activity of leaf gas exchange is related. In fact, the leaf stomatal conductance is considered to have been improved during last a couple of decades in the USA through selections for high yield in several crop species. It is suspected that priority to product quality of soybean as food crop, especially large seed size in Japan, did not allow efficient improvement of productivity. We also recently found a substantial variation of yielding performance under an environment of Indonesia among divergent cultivars from tropical and temperate regions through in a part biomass productivity. Gas exchange activity again seems to be involved. Unlike in North America where transpiration adjustment is considered necessary to avoid terminal drought, under the monsoon climate with wet summer plants with higher activity of gas exchange than current level might be advantageous. In order to explore higher or better-adjusted canopy function, the methodological development is demanded for canopy-level evaluation of transpiration activity. The stagnation of soybean yield would be broken through controlling variable water environment and breeding efforts to improve the quality-oriented cultivars for stable and high yield.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.80-88
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• 2014

유채는 겨울철 유휴지와 하천부지 등의 효율적인 이용과 환경보호 측면에서 이모작이 가능하다는 장점이 있고, 보리수매제도 폐지로 인한 농가 소득 보전을 위한 대체 가능성이 크다. 이에 국산장려 품종인 선망, 탐미유채, 탐라유채, 내한유채, 한라유채, 영산유채를 이용 파종시기를 달리하여 각 품종의 수량과 개화지속기간을 구명하여 바이오에너지 원료확보 및 경관용으로서의 효율을 극대화하고자 본 실험을 수행하였다. 유채 품종별 파종시기 및 주요 수량구성요소, 종실수량의 분산분석 결과 파종시기와 품종의 효과는 천립중을 제외한 모든 조사형질에서 고도의 유의성이 인정되었고, 파종시기와 품종의 상호작용은 입모주수, 경장, 종실중과 고도의 유의성을 보였으며 협수와 천립중과는 p < 0.05 수준의 유의성이 인정되었다. 수량구성 요소인 경장과 협수, 결실립수 등은 수량을 증가시키는 요인이기 때문에 $m^2$당 입모수가 많고 이들 수량구성요소의 발현이 높게 하는 것이 효과적이다. 본 실험의 종실중은 역시 어느 품종을 막론하고 파종기가 늦어지면 늦어질수록 거의 직선적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 이유는 파종기가 빠를수록 협수가 많아져 source의 경합이 컸었음에 기인하는 것으로 종실중은 천립중 보다는 결실립수를 결정하는 주당 협수에 의하여 가장 크게 좌우된다고 생각된다. Schukking (1984)은 유채는 재식밀도가 좁아짐에 따라 유채의 개화기까지의 일수가 늦어지고, 총 분지수, 엽수 등의 형질은 왜소해진다고 하여 파종기 변화에 따른 재식밀도에 대한 추가적인 구명도 해야 할 것이다. 한편으로 적절한 파종시기의 선택은 입모수가 많은 밀식상태이고 영양생장기간이 길어지므로 자연적으로 수량구성요소의 생육상황이 좋아지는 것으로 생각된다. 이러한 결과를 보면 무안지역에 있어서 유채 종자 채종을 위한 파종 적기는 10월 5일 이전으로 판단되는데 파종기가 늦어질 경우 영양생장기간이 짧아지기 때문에 생육일수의 단축에 의하여 유묘의 건조, 하고 현상 등의 문제점이 발생되어 수량구성요소가 감소되기 때문에 재식밀도의 변화를 준다면 수량감소 요인을 줄일 수 있을 것이라 생각된다. 한편 유채품종 별 개화지속일수는 9월 25일 파종의 경우 선망 > 탐미유채 > 영산유채 > 내한유채 > 한라유채 > 탐라유채 순 이였고, 파종일이 빠를수록 품종 간 개화기 차이가 뚜렷함을 확인하였으며 파종일이 늦을 경우 품종 간 개화기 차이는 거의 없었다. 경관효율을 극대화하기 위해서는 선망, 탐미, 영산 유채 등을 9월 25일 조기파종하고 탐라, 내한유채를 파종기를 달리하여 파종하였을 경우 최대 4월 3일부터 5월 14일까지 유채꽃을 관상할 수 있었다. 전체적으로 파종일 차이에 따라 각 품종별로 약 1~14일 정도 개화지속일수차이를 보였으며, 개화종기에 비해 약 2~9일 정도 개화기를 연장 할 수 있었다. 본 실험의 결과 중생종과 만생종인 한라, 내한, 탐라유채에 보다는 조생종의 특성을 보이는 선망, 탐미, 영산유채 품종을 축제기간에 맞춰 파종시기를 조절한다면 축제기간에 꽃이 피지 않아 발생하는 고민을 일정부분 해결할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.571-580
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• 2008

The influence of bacterial stress on anaerobic hydrogen-producing microorganisms was investigated in batch tests using serum bottles. Several physical and chemical stresses (i.e., heating, adding methane producing inhibitor and chemical acidification) were adapted as a pretreament of the seed sludge. In this experiment, the cultivation temperature were set at mesophilic ($35^{\circ}C$) and thermophilic conditions ($55^{\circ}C$) with adjusting pH at 5, 6, and 7 when using the mixture of food waste and activated sludge as a substrate. In conjunction with the pretreatment, hydrogen production was significantly enhanced as compared with that from untreated sludge. However, less biogas (hydrogen and methane) was produced without the pH control, resulted from the decrease of pH to below 4, mainly due to the formation of VFAs. Hydrogen and carbon dioxide gas were analyzed as main components of the biogas while methane not detected. With an application of chemical acidification, the highest hydrogen production value of 248 ml/l/day achieved at pH 7 and $35^{\circ}C$. In addition, more hydrogen gas produced when the ratio of butyric/acetic acid ratio increased. The optimum pH and temperature for hydrogen production were found to be 7 and $35^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• International Journal of CAD/CAM
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2005

As three-dimensional range scanners make large point clouds a more common initial representation of real world objects, a need arises for algorithms that can efficiently process point sets. In this paper, we present a method for extracting smooth surfaces from dense point clouds. Given an unorganized set of points in space as input, our algorithm first uses principal component analysis to estimate the surface variation at each point. After defining conditions for determining the geometric compatibility of a point and a surface, we examine the points in order of increasing surface variation to find points whose neighborhoods can be closely approximated by a single surface. These neighborhoods become seed regions for region growing. The region growing step clusters points that are geometrically compatible with the approximating surface and refines the surface as the region grows to obtain the best approximation of the largest number of points. When no more points can be added to a region, the algorithm stores the extracted surface. Our algorithm works quickly with little user interaction and requires a fraction of the memory needed for a standard mesh data structure. To demonstrate its usefulness, we show results on large point clouds acquired from real-world objects.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2004

High temperature superconducting coated conductor has a structure of /< superconducting layer>//. The buffer layer consists of multi layer, and the architecture most widely used in RABiTS approach is CeO$_2$(cap layer)/YSZ(diffusion barrier layer)/CeO$_2$(seed layer). Evaporation technique is used for the CeO$_2$ layer and DC reactive sputtering technique is used for the YSZ layer, A chamber was set up specially for DC reactive sputtering, Detailed features are as following. A separator divided the chamber into two halves a sputtering chamber and a reaction chamber. The argon gas for sputtering target elements flows out of the cap of sputtering gun, and water vapor for reaction with depositing species spouts near the substrate. Turbo pump is connected with reaction chamber. High speed deposition of YSZ film could be achieved in the chamber. Detailed deposition conditions (temperature and partial pressure of reaction gas) were investigated for the rapid growth of high quality YSZ film.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권spc1호
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• pp.304-309
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• 2006

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to develop a rapid and nondestructive method for the determination of fatty acid composition in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed oil. A total of ninety-three samples of intact seeds were scanned in the reflectance mode of a scanning monochromator, and reference values for fatty acid composition were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Calibration equations were developed using modified partial least square regression with internal cross validation (n=63). The equations obtained had low standard errors of cross-validation and moderate $R^2$ (coefficient of determination in calibration). Prediction of an external validation set (n=30) showed significant correlation between reference values and NIRS estimated values based on the SEP (standard error of prediction), $r^2$ (coefficient of determination in prediction) and the ratio of standard deviation (SD) of reference data to SEP. The models developed in this study had relatively higher values (more than 2.0) of SD/SEP(C) for oleic and linoleic acid, having good correlation between reference and NIRS estimate. The results indicated that NIRS, a nondestructive screening method could be used to rapidly determine fatty acid composition in sesame seeds in the breeding programs for high quality sesame oil.