• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.331-338
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• 2000

To establish an alternate technology for all male seed production of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus at hatchery scale, the performance of progenies produced by crossing superfemale with sex reversed male was evaluated. Free crossings between 21 superfemales and 7 sex reversed males stocked in an aquarium for 60 days resulted in the production of 93.5 % male progenies, compared to 53.2 % males produced by an equal number of normal females and normal males. Spawning frequency was lower (19 times) in the experimental cross including superfemales than that (24 times) in the control including normal females. Seed production in the experimental aquarium was (3,085) significantly lower than that (3,797) of the control. Both in terms of seeds per female per day or seeds per g female per day, seed productivity did not significantly differ between these groups. The alternate technology involving crossing between superfemale and sex reversed male has proven to be an efficient alternate technology for mass production of all male seeds at the hatchery scale.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.525-534
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• 2014

Microsatellite markers were used to identify 58 major commercial melon cultivars, and to assess hybrid seed purity of a melon breeding line known as '10H08'. A set of 412 microsatellite primer pairs were utilized for fingerprinting of the melon cultivars. Twenty-nine markers showed hyper-variability and could discriminate all cultivars on the basis of marker genotypes, representing the genetic variation within varietal groups. Cluster analysis based on Jaccard's distance coefficients using the UPGMA algorithm categorized 2 major groups, which were in accordance to morphological traits. The DNA bulks of female and male parents of breeding line '10H08' were tested with 29 primer pairs based on microsatellites to investigate purity testing of $F_1$ hybrid seeds, and 5 primer pairs exhibited polymorphism. One microsatellite primer pair (CMGAN12) produced unambiguous polymorphic bands among the parents. Among 192 seeds tested with CMGAN12, progeny possibly generated by self-pollination of the female parent were clearly distinguished from the hybrid progeny. These markers will be useful for fingerprinting melon cultivars and can help private seed companies to improve melon seed purity.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.359-368
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• 2008

Black soybean has been widely utilized as foods and oriental medicinal materials. The pigmentation in the seed coat of black soybean is due to accumulate anthocyanins in the epidermis palisade layer. The anthocyanins of black soybean seed coat are considered as a parameter of quality evaluation of black soybean. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the most suitable HPLC condition for simultaneous determination of anthocyanins in black soybean seed coats extracts. The efficient HPLC analytical condition of D3G, C3G, and Pt3G contained extracts of black soybean seed coats was developed. The gradient elution employed a $250\;mm\;{\times}\;4.6\;mm$ i.d. YMC-pak ODS-AM 303 column. The gradient system was used two mobile phases. A gradient elution was performed with mobile phase A, consisting of 5% aqueous formic acid, and mobile phase B, comprising 5% formic acid - acetonitrile, and delivered at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min as follows: $0{\sim}35\;min$, $90%\;A{\sim}60%\;A$; 36 min, 90% A; 46 min, 90% A. The UV-VIS. detection wavelength was set at 520 nm. The limit of detection (LOD) for D3G, C3G, and Pt3G were under 10 ng/mL.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.993-1000
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• 2017

When the availability of embedded device is considered, combined countermeasure such as first-order masking and hiding countermeasures is quite attractive because the security and efficiency can be provided at the same time. Especially, combined countermeasure can be applied to the confusion and diffusion layers of the first and last rounds in order to provide the efficiency. Also, the middle rounds only employs first-order masking countermeasure or no countermeasure. In this paper, we suggest a novel side channel analysis with low complexity in the output of diffusion layer. In general, the attack target cannot be set to the output of diffusion layer owing to the high complexity. When the diffusion layer of block cipher is composed of AND operations, we show that the attack complexity can be reduced. Here, we consider that the main algorithm is SEED. Then, the attack complexity with $2^{32}$ can be reduced by $2^{16}$ according to the fact that the correlation between the combination of S-box outputs and that of the outputs of diffusion layer. Moreover, compared to the fact that the main target is the output of S-box in general, we demonstrate that the required number of traces can be reduced by 43~98% in terms of simulated traces. Additionally, we show that only 8,000 traces are enough to retrieve the correct key by suggested scheme, although it fails to reveal the correct key when performing the general approach on 100,000 traces in realistic device.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.291-296
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to investigate the propagation system by seed to check growth, flowering, and making seed of four-year-old seedling cactus of potted Astrophytum asterias 'Nudum', A. asterias 'Super Kabuto', and A. myriostigma 'Nudum'. Plant height and width of Astrophytum asterias 'Nudum' and A. asterias 'Super Kabuto' was 5.3 to 5.5 cm, and 2.5 cm. However, plant height and width of A. myriostigma 'Nudum' was 7.6 cm and 5.6 cm as divided into 8 sections of body. In A. asterias 'Nudum', the mean seeded pod from April to September was 37.0% and the number of seeds in a pod was 43.0. In A. asterias 'Super Kabuto', the mean seeded pod from April to September was 22.5% and the number of seeds in a pod was 26.2. However, the mean seeded pod of A. myriostigma 'Nudum' from April to September was 32.3% and the number of seeds in a pod was 57.4. Especially, the seeded pod and the number of seeds in a pod of A. asterias 'Nudum' in July was the highest, 72.0% and 66.0. The sib crossing obtained much more seeded pods and the number of seeds per pod than that of selfing in the Astrophytum. The self crossing was formed from 9.0 to 20.0% of seeded pod, and 12.0 to 16.0 seeds in a pod. However, sib crossing was formed 60.0% seeded pod and 68.0 seeds in a pod on July of A. myriostigma 'Nudum'.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.485-495
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• 1991

This experiment was carried out to obtain the information on the crossability, variation of chromosome number in pollen mother cell (PMC) and somatic cell of the progeny from the cross between hexaploid triticale cv. Sinkihomil and two diploid rye varieties. Seed set was 39.3 to 41.6% (averaged 40.5%) in the cross between triticale (P$_1$) and rye(P$_2$), which resulted in 0.33% in F$_2$(selfed F$_1$), 2.69% in F$_1$/P$_1$ 5.47% in F$_1$/P$_2$ respectively. However, seed set was extremely low in both reciprocal crosses when triticale was used as male. Germination rate of the crossed seed was 94.0% in F$_1$ 40.8% in F$_2$(selfed F$_1$), 59.5% in F$_1$/P$_1$ and 65.9% in F$_1$/P$_2$ from the cross between triticale and rye, respectively. Pollen fertility of F$_1$ plant was averaged 18.7% in the cross between triticale and rye. Number of Uni-, Bi-, and Trivalent in PMC was 12. 6, 6.94, and 0.53, respectively, in the F$_1$ between the triticale and rye. There were 28 chromosomes in F$_1$, 21 to 34 in F$_2$, 34 to 38 in F$_1$/P$_1$ and 19 to 23 in F$_1$/P$_2$ from the cross between the triticale and rye, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.310-318
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• 1991

This experiment was carried out to obtain the information on the variation of chromosome number in pollen mother cell (PMC) and somatic cell of the progeny from the cross between hexaploid triticale cv. Sinkihomil and five hexaploid wheat varieties. The results were summarized as follows: Number of uni-, bi- and tri-valent in PMC was 11.9, 14.4 and 0.44, respectively, in the F$_1$ between triticale and wheat. Significant positive correlation between the pollen fertility and seed set rate, pollen fertility and bivalent number of PMC, and seed set rate and bivalent number of PMC, and negative correlation between pollen fertility and uni-or tri-valent of PMC in the cross between triticale and wheat were detected. F$_1$ (crossed seed) had 42 chromosomes, F$_2$ and F$_1$/P$_1$ showed high frequency of hyperploid (42-49) and F$_1$/P$_2$ showed high frequency of hypoploid (36- 42), which suggest non-random segregation for somatic chromosome number. in the cross between the triticale and wheat.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.247-256
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• 2010

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of seeding rate of newly developed Italian ryegrass varieties, "Kogreen" and "Hwasan 101", on those seed production in Cheonan for three years (2005 to 2007). Two Italian ryegrass varieties were seeded at experimental fields of Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science on late September, and harvested at seed shattering stage. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications by each variety. The treatments was consisted of five seeding rates (5, 10, 20, 30, 40 kg/ha). The average heading date of "Kogreen" was 9 May and "Hwasan 101" was 25 May. The harvesting date of "Kogreen" was on 16 June when the rainy season should not set in. In the case of "Hwasan 101", the harvesting date of seed production was 3 July, because of rainy season. The number of ear per square meter, ear length, spikelet number, seed yield per ha and ripening rate of "Hwasan 101" were 471, 28.5 cm, 24.8, 1,631 kg and 71%, respectively. and those of "Kogreen" were 633, 24.0 cm, 20.8, 2,676 kg and 82.1%, respectively. The shattering property rate of "Hwasan 101" 40.3% was higher than that of "Kogreen" 2.6%. The germination rate of harvested "Hwasan 101" seed was 81.8% and that of "Kogreen" was 79.4%, respectively. In conclusion, the optimum seeding rate of Italian ryegrass for seed production are recommended 20kg/ha in both "Hwasan 101" and "Kogreen".

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 2012

General treatment for cholangiocarcinoma is complete surgical resection. However recurrence is common in those patients. In most of cases the purpose of the treatment for patients with recurrent is palliative. Therefore we adopt intraluminal catheter to treat a recurrent patient with high-dose-rate intraluminal brachytherapy. This study aims to evaluate the treatment procedure and set-up reproducibility of intraluminal brachytherapy in the recurrent patient. Study patient was diagnosed at rcT1N0M0 and undergone intraluminal brachytherapy after Arrow Sheath insertion. 3 Gy was delivered in every fraction with a total dose of 30 Gy. We planned dose normalization at distal, proximal and central axis point of narrowed bile duct far from 1 cm. To evaluate set-up reproducibility, we measured distance between distal, proximal treatment target volume point and anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral body respectively for five times before every treatment with dummy seed insertion. Mean distance between distal, proximal treatment target volume point and anterior surface of 10th and 11th thoracic vertebral bodies is 0.5 cm, 6.1 cm and standard deviation is 0.06, 0.08 respectively. In addition, set-up reproducibility was maintained significantly. The patient has been alive with no evidence of disease recurrence for more than a year and has not yet reported severe complications. In conclusion, high-dose-rate intraluminal brachytherapy for unresectable recurrence of cholangiocarcinoma maintains high set-up reproducibility without severe side effects.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2007

[ $\underline{Purpose}$ ]: This study was to design and fabricate a phantom for prostate cancer brachytherapy to validate a developed program applying a 3-film technique, and to compare it with the conventional 2-film technique for determining the location of an implanted seed. $\underline{Materials\;and\;Methods}$: The images were obtained from overlapped seeds by randomly placing a maximum of 63 seeds in the anterior-posterior (AP) position and at $-30^{\circ} to $30^{\circ} at $15^{\circ} intervals. Images obtained by use of the phantom were applied to the image processing procedure, and were then processed into the development program for seed localization. In this study, cases were set where one seed overlapped, where two seeds overlapped and where none of the three views resolved all seeds. The distance between the centers of each seed to the reference seed was calculated in a prescribed region. This distance determined the location of each seed in a given band. The location of the overlapped seeds was compared with that of the 2-film technique. $\underline{Results}$: With this program, the detection rate was 92.2% (at ${\pm}15^{\circ}), 94.1% (at ${\pm}30^{\circ}) and 70.6% (compared to the use of the 2-film technique). The overlaps were caused by one or more than two seeds that overlapped; the developed program can identify the location of each seed perfectly. However, for the third case the program was not able to resolve the overlap of the seeds. $\underline{Conclusion}$: This program can be used to improve treatment outcome for the brachytherapy of prostate cancer by reducing the number of errors in the process of reconstructing the locations of perfectly overlapped seeds.