• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.401-406
• /
• 2018

We investigated the effect of ZnO seed layer thickness on the density of ZnO nanorod arrays. ZnO has been deposited using two distinct processes consisting of the seed layer deposition using ALD and subsequent hydrothermal ZnO growth. Due to the coexistence of the growth and dissociation during ZnO hydrothermal growth process on the seed layer, the thickness of seed layer plays a critical role in determining the nanorod growth and morphology. The optimized thickness resulted in the regular ZnO nanorod growth. Moreover, the introduction of ALD to form the seed layer facilitates the growth of the nanorods on ultrathin seed layer and enables the densification of nanorods with a narrow change in the seed layer thickness. This study demonstrates that ALD technique can produce densely packed, virtually defect-free, and highly uniform seed layers and two distinctive processes may form ZnO as the final product via the initial nucleation step consisting of the reaction between $Zn^{2+}$ ions from respective zinc precursors and $OH^-$ ions from $H_2O$.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.401-406
• /
• 2018

We investigated the effect of ZnO seed layer thickness on the density of ZnO nanorod arrays. ZnO has been deposited using two distinct processes consisting of the seed layer deposition using ALD and subsequent hydrothermal ZnO growth. Due to the coexistence of the growth and dissociation during ZnO hydrothermal growth process on the seed layer, the thickness of seed layer plays a critical role in determining the nanorod growth and morphology. The optimized thickness resulted in the regular ZnO nanorod growth. Moreover, the introduction of ALD to form the seed layer facilitates the growth of the nanorods on ultrathin seed layer and enables the densification of nanorods with a narrow change in the seed layer thickness. This study demonstrates that ALD technique can produce densely packed, virtually defect-free, and highly uniform seed layers and two distinctive processes may form ZnO as the final product via the initial nucleation step consisting of the reaction between Zn²⁺ions from respective zinc precursors and OH^- ions from H₂O.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.712-721
• /
• 2016

This experiment was conducted to investigate the endophytic bacterium Herbaspirillum spp effect on seed germination and sprout growth of tartary buckwheat. Inoculant concentration (%v/v) and seed soaking time were applied 10, 20 and 40% and 0, 4, 8, 12 hour, respectively. The experiment was carried out in a growth chamber maintained temperature at 20, 25 and $30^{\circ}C$ without light for 7 days. Results showed that, 10 to 20% (v/v) inoculant concentration by 4 to 8 h seed soaking time at $20^{\circ}C$ temperature increased seed vigor rate and total seed germination rate 80-95% and 90-100%, respectively. On the other and, seed inoculation with Herbaspirillum spp. increased hypocotyl length (13-15 cm), root length (8-11 cm), total fresh weight (135-296 g) and total dry weight (7-10 g), compared to control. It is indicated that sprouts growth and yield depends on inoculation concentrations, seed soaking time and temperature. Therefore, it would be suggested that seed inoculation with Herbaspirillum spp. at concentration of 10 to 20% (v/v), soaking time 4 to 8 h and temperature $20^{\circ}C$ promote seed germinations and sprout growth rate of tartary buckwheat.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.90-94
• /
• 1995

In Sr-ferrite system, it has been attempted to inhibit the abnormal grian growth using Sr-ferrite powders synthesized by molten salt method as the matrix and the seeds, respectively. At each sintering temperature, the addition of seed more than 15% suppressed the abnormal grain growth, and the uniform microstructure resulted. Particularly, at 12$25^{\circ}C$, it was observed that the maximum number of the abnormal grain growth nuclei was achieved since the abnormal grain growth was suppressed even by the addition of 10% seed.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.319-325
• /
• 2002

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of heavy metals (copper, cadmium, lead and chrome) on the growth of plant and seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana treated with various concentrations of heavy metals. Cadmium and chrome among the 4 heavy metals had no effect on the growth of stem even in the concentration fifty times higher than the official standard concentration of pollutant exhaust notified by the Ministry of Environment. The official standard concentration of cadmium, however, stimulated the growth of stem in general, increasing leaf size and surface area, although it had no effect on the length of stem. But the growth of stem was decreased about 18% in the official standard concentration of pollutant exhaust of lead and copper. There was no growth of root in the concentration of lead and copper ten times higher than the official standard concentration. Cadmium and chrome had no effect on the seed germination, but lead and copper decreased the rate of seed germination. Seeds were not germinated in the concentration of copper ten times higher than the official standard concentration and in the concentration of lead fifty times higher than the official standard concentration. From this research three peculiar results were obtained. Chrome in the soil did not have much effect on the plant growth and seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana. Cadmium stimulated the stem growth in an optimum concentration. But lead and copper reduced the plant growth and seed germination even in a small concentration, especially copper had the worse effect.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.39 no.5
• /
• pp.513-521
• /
• 2023

Seed-borne diseases reduce not only the seed germination and seedling growth but also seed quality, resulting in the significant yield loss in crop production. Plant seed harbors diverse microbes termed endophytes other than pathogens inside it. However, their roles and application to agricultures were rarely understood and explored to date. Recently, we had isolated from soybean seeds culturable endophytes exhibiting in-vitro antagonistic activities against common bacterial and fungal seed-borne pathogens. In this study, we evaluated effects of seed treatment with endophytes on plant growth and protection against the common seed-borne pathogens: four fungal pathogens (Cercospora sojina, C. kikuchii, Septoria glycines, Diaporthe eres) and two bacterial pathogens (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci). Our experiments showed that treatment of soybean seeds with seed endophytes clearly offer protection against seed-borne pathogens. We also found that some of the endophytes promote plant growth in addition to the disease suppression. Taken together, our results demonstrate agricultural potential of seed endophytes in crop protection.

• Plant Resources
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.88-95
• /
• 1999

These experiments were conducted to evaluate the variability of seed germination and seedling growth with different levels of polyethylene glycol(PEG 6,000) solution in onion seed. Average germination percentage of seed primed in PEG solution with 1.00 and 0.75 MPa was higher than control, and that of seed primed in 1.50MPa was lower than unprimed control. Germination percentage(GP) of seed primed for 5 days was highest, and as the primed days become long, the GP was decreased. The GP of airation seed during the primed was higher than that of unairation seed, about 5% , respectively. The GP of washed seed after primed was higher than that of unwashed seed, but that of redried seed after primed was lower than that of the others. The highest GP cultivar was Chunjoogoohyung and the lowest GP cultivar was Seouldego in unredried seed after primed, but Chunjoojoonggo was highest and Jungpoonwhang was the lowest cultivar in redried seed after primed. As the PEG concentration increased, the seedling length(SL) was shortened, and seed primed for 15 days was longer than other treatments. The SL of primed seed was similar to GP. The SL of washed seed after primed was longer than that of others, but that of redried seed after primed was shortest among the others. The SL of Chunjoojoonggo and Nongwoodego was longest and Seouldego was shortest among the cultivars in unredried seed after primed, but that of Chunjoogoohyung and Chunjoojoonggo was longest and Seouldego was the shortest cultivars in redried seed after primed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.269-272
• /
• 1998

Characteristics of seed and plant growth of the nine local collections of the medicinal plant, Agastache rugosa were evaluated. Seed size of the collection from Garyungsan was larger than the others. Seeds of Damyang collection were the smallest in size. Seeds of the collections were mostly oval shaped. There were no differences between brown and black seed coat color groups in seed width, ratio of seed length to seed width and 1,000 seed weight. Stem lengths of Garyungsan and Bongpyung collections were 99.9 and 95.6 cm, respectively, and were longer than Damyang and Jindo collections. Garyungsan collection had long leaf shape. Leaf size was the smallest for Damyang collection, but was the largest for Bongpyung collection. Inflorescence length of Mokpo collection (15.6 cm) was longer than the average over all collections (12.3 cm). Damyang collection was the shortest (10.1 cm) in inflorescence. Top dry weight of each collection from Soonchun, Bongpyung, Mokpo, Jindo, and Gurye was greater than the average over all collections (20.38 g/plant). Jinju and Damyang collections had less top dry matter than others. There was no difference in the growth traits examined between brown and black seed coat groups. The brown seed group was greater in leaf weight than the black seed group. However, these two groups were not different in stem and inflorescence weight. Collections of A. rugosa from Bongpyung, Soonchun, and Mokpo were promising for commercial cultivation because of their great top dry weight, especially in leaf and inflorescence.

• Plant Resources
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.94-97
• /
• 2003

The objective of this study is to investigate morphological characteristics of seeds and effects of environmental factors such as light and temperature on the germination and seedling growth of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica, Codonopsis lanceolata, Platycodon glandiflorum, Which belongs to Campanulaceae and useful for on oriental medicine materials. Seed shape of Codonopsis lanceolata is Elliptic. Platycodon glandiflorum is Oblong. Color of seed coats varied from yellow to dark brown. Seed size of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica is 1.37mm in length, 0.69mm in width. One thousand-seed weight of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica is 258mg. Seed size of Codonopsis lanceolata is 4.45mm in length, 2.11mm in width. One thousand-seed weight of Codonopsis lanoceolata is 1,278mg. Seed size of Platycodon glandiflorum is 2.31mm in length, 1.10mm in width. One thousand-seed weight of Platycodon glandiflorum is 988mg. Optimum temperatures for seed germination and seedling growth range from 20 to $25^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.587-593
• /
• 1995

Abnomal grain growth behavior of BaTiO3 ceramics was investigated with addition of seed grains. It was foudn that the nucleation rate of abnormal grain was constant and growth of abnormal grain was linearly increased with sitnering time, regardless of amount of seed grains. These facts were also confirmed by fitting of the volume fraction of abnormal grain vs. sintering time using Avrami type equation (n=4). It was suggested that seed grains did not change the nucleation rate or growth mechanism of abnormal grain but increase the number of abnormal grains at initial stage of sintering and then it led to fine microstructure of BaTiO3 ceramics.