• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.219-227
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• 2023

Adult neurogenesis has been reported in the hypothalamus, subventricular zone and subgranular zone in the hippocamp. Recent studies indicated that new cells in the hypothalamus are affected by diet. We previously showed beneficial effects of safflower seed oil (SSO), a rich source of linoleic acid (LA; 74%), on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro. In this study, the effect of SSO on hypothalamic neurogenesis was investigated in vivo, in comparison to synthetic LA. Adult mice were treated with SSO (400 mg/kg) and pure synthetic LA (300 mg/kg), at similar concentrations of LA, for 8 weeks and then hypothalamic NSCs were cultured and subsequently used for Neurosphere-forming assay. In addition, serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Administration of SSO for 8 weeks in adult mice promoted the proliferation of NSCs isolated from SSO-treated mice. Immunofluorescence staining of the hypothalamus showed that the frequency of astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein⁺ cells) are not affected by LA or SSO. However, the frequency of immature (doublecortin⁺ cells) and mature (neuronal nuclei⁺ cells) neurons significantly increased in LA- and SSO-treated mice, compared to vehicle. Furthermore, both LA and SSO caused a significant increase in the serum levels of BDNF. Importantly, SSO acted more potently than LA in all experiments. The presence of other fatty acids in SSO, such as oleic acid and palmitic acid, suggests that they could be responsible for SSO positive effect on hypothalamic proliferation and neurogenesis, compared to synthetic LA at similar concentrations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.1747-1752
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• 2012

This study investigated the physiochemical characteristics of Xanthoceras sorbifolia seed oil. Xanthoceras sorbifolia seed oil was extracted by supercritical fluid extraction (420 atm, $50^{\circ}C$), hexane extraction and heat-pressed extraction ($160^{\circ}C$, $180^{\circ}C$). Acid values and peroxide values were evaluated, as well as the degree of lipid oxidation. The heat-pressed ($160^{\circ}C$) extraction gave a $53.5{\pm}2.5%$ higher yield of oil, compared with the other extraction methods. The acid values from the super critical fluid extraction were the highest, while peroxide values were highest from the heat-pressed extraction at $160^{\circ}C$ (3.10 meq/kg). The contents of linolenic acid and oleic acid were 38.63~41.13% and 26.29~26.85%, respectively. Contents of stigmasterol and ${\beta}$-sitosterol were 6.01~6.49 mg/100 g and 58.19~59.85 mg/100 g, respectively. These results indicate that Xanthoceras sorbifolia seed oil can possibly serve as new edible oils.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 1979

By using the existing caustic refining system with a minimum modification and by using a combination of various emulsifiers(0.2 % sodium hexametaphosphate. 0.05 % sodium lauryl sulfate and 0.001 % dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate), a new economical dewaxing process for sunflower seed oil was developed in order to reduce the cost of the dewaxing process. The results indicate that the waxes can be removed satisfactorily from the sunflower seed oil by emulsifying. batchwise or continuously, the oil with the aqueous surfactant solution, followed by centrifugation at ambient temperatures $(16{\sim}27^{\circ}C)$. Dewaxing loss for the batch process was satisfactory for both low wax-and high wax-crude oil, whereas dewaxing loss for the continuous process needs to be improved. The results indicate that initial level of wax content (low wax vs. high wax) did not affect the loss for batch process (0.82 % vs. 0.62 %), but affected the loss for continuous processes, regardless of the type of mixing mode (2.28 % and 5.68 % for low wax-and high wax-oil, respectively). It was also noted that the type of mixing mode (centactor vs. static mixer) for the continuous process affected the loss, regardless of the wax content (5.2 % and 2.8 % for contactor and static mixer, respectively).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.470-478
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• 2009

Low trans fats were synthesized by interesterification of rice bran oil (RBO), palm stearin (PS) and high oleic sunflower seed oil (HO) using TLIM from Thermomyces lanuginosa. After 24-h reaction, physicochemical characteristics such as fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition, solid fat content, melting point, tocopherol, oryzanol and phytosterol contents were evaluated. Trans fatty acid contents of the produced low-trans fats showed less than 0.5 wt%. Mostly, triacylglycerol species in the products were palmitoyl-linoleoyl-oleoyl-glycerol (PLO), palmitoyl-oleoyl-oleoyl-glycerol (POO) and palmitoyl-oleoyl-palmitoyl-glycerol (POP). Total tocopherol contents ranged from 6.94 to 11.83 mg/100 g while $0.18{\sim}0.49$ mg/100 g of $\gamma$-oryzanol and $182.47{\sim}269.08$ mg/100 g of phytosterols were observed depending on the substrates ratios. When the content of PS in the reaction substrate was increased, solid fat content and slip melting points were increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.555-560
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• 1994

In order to observe the effects of the fees mixed with the lard and two vegetable seed oils on the fatty acid compositions of liver and brain tissue, the oils mixed with 2.5% lard and various levels of perilla oil and evening primrose oil were administered to the male rats of the Sprague-Dawley for 4 weeks . In the fatty acid composition of liver lipid, saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents were rich in the phopholiipide and cholesteryl ester fraction. Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) contents were rich in the triglyceride fraction and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents were rich in the phospholipid fraction. In the fatty acid composition of liver lipid fractions, according as the contents of mixed perilla oil decreased and the contents of mixed evening primrose oil increased , n -3 PUFA contents tended to decrease and n-6 PUFA contents tended to increase. Fatty acid composition of liver lipid fractions were influenced from the fatty acid composition of the test lipids. In the fatty acid composition of brain phospholipd, PUFA contents (40%) were rich and according as the contents of mixed evening primrose oil increased, the ratio on n-3/n-6 PUFA and eicosapentaenoid acid (EPA) /arachidonic acid (AA) tended to slightly decrease.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.723-733
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• 2016

Soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merill] are a rich source of antioxidants and other phytonutrients. Soybean sprouts contain many biologically active secondary metabolites and are rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. In the present study, two soybean cultivars, Hosim, with high oleic acid (- 80% in total seed oil), and Pungsannamul, with normal oleic acid (- 23%) in seed, were examined for changes in the content of crude protein, crude oil, total flavonoids, total phenolics, and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) during the sprouting duration of 5 days. The protein content in both the varieties was found to increase by the days of sprouting. The crude oil content of Pungsannamul sprouts was found to be maximum on day 1 (16.9%, w/w) and decreased thereafter to reach to the level of 14.8% on day 5. No significant differences in the crude oil content of Hosim sprouts from day 1 to 5 were observed. Flavonoid content was found to increase up to day 4 and then dropped on day 5, in both the cultivars. Total polyphenol content showed a tendency to increase up to day 3 and started to decrease significantly from day 4. DPPH activity was found to increase up to day 5 in both the varieties. All the components studied in the high oleic acid soybean sprouts showed a change in content during the sprouting process similar to the change that would occur in normal oleic acid soybeans. The study showed that the contents of antioxidant, flavonoid, and polyphenol significantly increase during the sprouting.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.58 no.7
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• pp.25.1-25.6
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• 2016

Background: The current study was designed to investigate the effect of supplementation of Flaxseed (Linumusitatisimum) oil on libido and semen quality of Nilli-Ravi buffalo bulls. Methods: In this study, 12 adult healthy bulls kept at the Semen Production Unit, Qadirabad district Sahiwal, were used. These bulls were divided into three equal groups, A, B and C. Group A was kept as control, while in groups B and C supplementation of feed was provided by using flaxseed oil @125 ml/day and 250 ml/day,respectively for 12 weeks. Two ejaculates per animal were collected at 0 day then 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th week of treatment. In this way a total 216 samples were taken, and each semen sample was evaluated for color, volume, mass activity, percent motility, sperm cell concentration per ml, percentage of live sperm, and plasma membrane integrity. Libido of bulls was also evaluated before every collection. Results: Analysis of data revealed that these parameters were significantly (P < 0.01) increased in flax oil treated animals as compared to control. Conclusion: It was concluded from the present study that flax seed oil has beneficial effects on reproductive health of buffalo bull.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.783-788
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to optimize the manufacturing condition of spreadable modified butter by RSM. Based on the central composite design, the degree of optimization was expressed as a SFC as a dependent variable (Y, %) determined by NMR with 23 experimental groups. Three independent variables were the contents of butter ($X_1$, 35-75%), the contents of grape seed oil ($X_2$, 15-35%), and the contents of hydrogenated soybean oil ($X_3$, 0-4%). As the result, SFC at $10^{\circ}C$ was ranged from 32.37 to 42.76%. In addition, the regression coefficients were calculated for SFC at $10^{\circ}C$ by RSREG. The regression model equation for the SFC was $Y=39.18-0.04X_1X_3$. Consequently, the optimal contents for manufacturing spreadable modified butter were determined as 55.18% for butter, 40.78% for grape seed oil, and 4.08% for hydrogenated soybean oil, respectively. The predicted response value for SFC at $10^{\circ}C$ was 30.20%, comparable to the actual experimental SFC value as 29.85%. Finally hardness and spreadability in reference butter and spreadable modified butter produced under the optimal conditions was measured. The hardness in spreadable modified butter was 31.80 N as compared to 69.92 N in reference butter. The spreadability in spreadable modified butter was 5.6 point as compared to reference butter. This difference may be due to the contents of solid fat by butter and hydrogenated soybean oil. This study showed that the SFC value at $10^{\circ}C$ could be a suitable indicator for the manufacturing spreadable modified butter to predict important attributes such as mouth feel, hardness and spreadability.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.305-310
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• 2005

Flaxseed is outstanding for lignans and oil rich in ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid which protect against several major illnesses. Better understanding of processing and storage characteristics of flaxseed will increase options for food use. Lignans and oil are found in the hull and embryo, respectively. Comparison of pearling and impact-dehulling processes for separation of lignan and oil-rich fractions showed the impact process was less effective, but easier to scale-up. Screw-pressing embryo reduced oil yield compared to whole seed, but doubled productivity and sharply reduced frictional heating of the oil. Flaxseed hull and embryo, also whole, ground and steamed-ground samples, were stable up to 30 weeks in closed containers at $23^{\circ}C$. Steamed-ground samples in open trays at $40^{\circ}C$ deteriorated markedly (peroxide value > 100 by 22 weeks); yet, whole seed remained stable. Incorporation of 18% flaxseed embryo into yellow perch feed increased ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid to 13 to l4% of muscle and liver lipids, compared to 0.5 to 0.7% in the no-embryo control. Feed conversion ratio, weight gain, and survival were similar. These studies are helping to establish the technological base for processing and utilizing flaxseed and flaxseed fractions to improve human diets.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.272-275
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• 1992

Relative content(% weight) of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and crude ashs in seed of korean green tea plant(Camellia simecis L.) are not different from those in seed of sunflower and safflower. However, the Camellia seed contains much higher crude saponin content(12.2%) than that of sesame(0.29%) or peanut(0.63%). It also contains 82% unsaturated fatty acids including oleic acid and contains tocopherol $(22\;{\mu}g/g,\;{\alpha}-form\;only)$ that is significantly less than of other oil-seed.