• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 1994

Mode of safening action of N-(4-chlorophenyl)maleimide (CPMI) on metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-l-methylethyl) acetamide] was investigated in sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.). CPMI was synthesized by dehydration of N-(4-chlorophenyl)maleamic acid (CPMA) which was obtained from amination with maleic anhydride and 4-chloroaniline. Melting points of CPMA and CPMI (>95% purity) were $200-202^{\circ}C$ and $116-118^{\circ}C$, respectively. Growth response study indicated that seed treatment of CPMI increased tolerance of sorghum shoot to metolachlor approximately threefold. Sorghum shoot was more sensitive to injury caused by metolachlor and CPMI activity than the root. Metolachlor was initially absorbed by sorghum shoot and metabolized to the metolachlor-glutathione conjugate in CPMI-untreated and treated shoots. However, CPMI treatment significantly accelerated metabolism of $[^{14}C]$metolachlor in sorghum shoot, resulting in decrease in metolachlor content and increase in formation of the glutathione conjugate. It was concluded that the protection against metolachlor injury conferred by CPMI appeared to be correlated to detoxification of metolachlor in sorghum shoot tissue.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 2003

Thermoluminescent properties of $Li_2B_4O_7$ single crystal grown by Czochralski method have been investigated. The high quality $Li_2B_4O_7$ single crystal without core was obtained at rotation speed of 10 rpm for seed crystal and pulling speed below $0.18\;mm{\cdot}h^{-1}$. The structure of $Li_2B_4O_7$ single crystal was classified as tetragonal by XRD analysis. The TL glow curve was composed with three overlapped peaks which can be easily deconvoluted and the TL response of $Li_2B_4O_7$ single crystal TLD to X-ray radiation is linear within the range of $50\;mGy{\sim}1.5\;Gy$. Activation energies of three TL glow peaks analyzed by the various heating rates method and PL spectrum were 0.93, 1.78 and 2.25 eV, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.196-208
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• 2014

During the life cycle of plants, water deficit leads to an adverse effect on its growth and development. To increase the productivity of crops, overcoming such drought stress is one of the most important issues in the field of plant study. Among plant hormones, the phytohormone, abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in eliciting resistance to drought stress as well as in multiple developmental processes, such as seed germination, stomatal closure, and seedling growth. Therefore, further understanding of the ABA-mediated signal transduction pathway in plants is an effective strategy to generate drought-tolerant plants. Posttranslational modification, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination, is an efficient mechanism for plants to acquire quick adaptation against environmental stress conditions since this process directly affects pre-existing signaling components by modulating protein activity and stability. Here, recent reports on ABA signaling are reviewed, especially focusing on ABA transport, perception, signaling, and posttranslational modification in ABA-mediated cellular responses. Also, we present future prospects on how the control of such a mechanism can be applied to generate useful agricultural crops.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.373-390
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• 2015

This study investigated the effect of coated feed using mixed oil on rumen fermentation characteristics. Two experiments were conducted based on materials that were mixed. First, cashew nut and soybean oils were mixed with white mineral oil. And second, different plant extracts were mixed with white mineral oil. At first experiment, inclusion levels of mixed oil on diet (0.03%, 0.1%, 0.5%) were applied as variables. A coated diet was fermented with rumen inoculum according to in vitro rumen fermentation and its parameters were investigated. In the result of first experiment, no negative effects on rumen pH were found. Significantly decreased dry matter digestibility was detected at 0.5% treatment (P<0.05). Total gas productions in control and 0.03% were significantly greater than those of others (P<0.05). Significantly reduced methane productions were found in all treatments compared to the control (P<0.05). Inclusion of mixed oil did not affect on ammonia production. Total volatile fatty acid production was also not influenced by coating with mixed oils. Rumen fermentation parameters were greatly changed according to introduced plant extracts at second experiment. The significantly lowest and greatest ammonia productions were found at treatments with Ixeris dentata and Plantago asiatica, respectively (P<0.05). The significantly greatest acetate and propionate productions were detected at treatments with Crucuma longa and Zizyphus vulgaris 1, respectively (P<0.05). All treatments, except Chrysanthemum idicum, Euyale ferox seed, Moringa leaf and fruit and Zizyphus vulgaris 1, showed significantly increased total volatile fatty acid production compared to the control (P<0.05). Only Paeonia lactiflora showed significantly lesser gas production than the control (P<0.05). In methane production, Ceramium, Zizyphus, Paeonia, Agrimonia, Torilis, Mugwort, Foeniculum, Euphorbia, Taraxacum, Artemisia, Momordica, Curcuma and Moringa reduced methane significantly compared to the control (P<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1381-1384
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• 2004

In order to help the preservation of the cherry tomatoes, antimicrobial paper incorporating grapefruit seed extract and zeolite was applied to packaging fruits. The fruits were packed with a paper bag of 15.5${\times}$24 cm and then stored at 1$0^{\circ}C$. During the storage, weight loss, pH, total acidity, soluble solid content, microbial load and decay were measured as quality indices. Steady weight loss due to the transpiration was observed to slightly increase the solid content during the storage with little difference between the packaging treatments. There were little change in pH and acidity of the stored fruits. The microbial loads of total aerobic bacteria, and yeast/mold counts were significantly suppressed during 10 day storage by the antimicrobial paper packaging, which also contributed to reducing the decayed fruits observed after 15 days.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.9 s.89
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• pp.1272-1277
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• 2007

Comparison of fruit bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivar chunchu No .2 grown on the sawdust, rice straw and cotton waste substrates revealed differences in the pattern of differentiation of hyphal compartments. Required period for primordium induction of fruit bodies grown on sawdust substrate was 13 days. Physical structure shown as hardness of stipes grown on the sawdust substrate, fruit bodies were harden than control. Pileocystidia were well developed on the surface of pileus in the fruit body cultivated on rice straw. Microstructures of fruit body grown on the sawdust and cotton wastes substrates shown fast-discharge of basidiospore and sytoms ageing. Hyphae of fruit bodies formed on sawdust substrate had less stainable cytoplasmic material and many more vacuoles than hyphae of fruit bodies formed on synthetic substrate with 50% of pine sawdust, 30% of cotton seed hull and 20 of beet pulp(control).

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 2010

In recent years, many agricultural scientists are studying on eco-friendly farming methods. Among of lots of the methods, the natural insecticides are highly motivated and interested due to their safety and biodegradable issues, and readily available source of bioinsecticides. In this study, the crude extract of custard apple (Annona reticulata L.) seed and its three fractions which were separated based on polarity indexes were examined for their insecticidal activities against Myzus persicae Sulzer and Nilaparvata lugens S.. The crude extract (Aceton/MeOH) showed strong insecticidal activities against both insects at 3.00 mg/mL ($LD_{50}$=0.45mg/mL for M. persicae S. and 1.42 mg/mL for N. lugens S.). Furthermore, simple fractionation with hexane, chloroform, and water lead to increase three-folds insecticidal activity on chloroform fraction ($LD_{50}$=0.13mg/mL for M. persicae S. and 1.14 mg/mL for N. lugens S.). The results suggest that A. reticulata extracts might be used to control for M. persicae effectively.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.7
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• pp.165-174
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• 1989

In this study, antioxidative effectiveness of BHA, BHT of 0.02% was compared to that of separated phenolic acid, ester form and insoluble phenolic acid were extracted from 50g mustard seed removed fat antioxidative effectiveness was assumed, measuring Peroxide value, TBA value for 5 days, storaging respective substrate and contrast tube at $45{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 25 days. 1. Laboratory tube was added by BHA, BHT separated phenolic acid ester form and insoluble phenolic acid extract and peroxide value of contrast tube after 25 days storage were 31.9, 13.2, 16.6, 11.2, 35.91. On the other hand at the same condition TBA of each antioxidativity matter were 0.24, 0.16, 0.19, 0.17, 027, 0.35 as a result remarkably appeared antioxidative effectiveness in meal soybean oil substrate. 2. Total phenolic contents of free phenolic acid and insoluble phenolic acid in mustard were 13.2mg/10ml, 340.5mg/10ml, 2.1mg/10ml. 3. Phenolic acid separated and identificated were catechol, methylcatechol, salicylic acid, cinnamic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, caffeic acid, sinapic acid.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1037-1042
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• 2012

An auxin-producing bacteria (2SJ8-02) was isolated from waste mushroom bed of Agaricus bisporus in Buyeo-Gun, Chungnam. The strain 2SJ8-02 was classified as a novel strain of Pantoea rwandensis based on a chemotaxanomic and phylogeneticanalyses. The isolate was confirmed to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), one of auxin hormones, by TLC and HPLC analyses. The maximum concentration of IAA, $122mg\;L^{-1}$ was detected from the culture in R2A broth containing 0.1% tryptophan for 24 h at $35^{\circ}C$. The molecular weight of the main peak obtained by LC-mass analysis was 175 corresponding to that of IAA. To investigate the growth-promoting effects to the crops, the culture broth of Pantoea rwandensis 2SJ8-02 was infected to water cultures and seed pots of mung bean. In consequence, the adventitious root induction and root growth of mung bean were two times higher than those of the control.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2014

We analyzed rutin content using mulberry genetic resources. They were grown under the same environment and conditions. Mulberry leaves were collected and then freeze-dried and powdered for rutin test. As a result, mean content of mulberry strains was $0.52{\pm}0.25%$, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 47.9%. The variation between the strains was greatly severe. Among the tested strains, 'Buyoungsang' was showed the highest content of 1.37%, whereas 'Cheongeunsipmunja' and 'Mujeonsipmunja' were showed the lowest content of 0.06% respectively. The content of rutin of 16 mulberry varieties for silkworm rearing were compared. 'Cheongolppong' was showed the highest content of 0.69%, whereas 'Cheongilppong' was showed the lowest content of 0.14 %. Finally we selected rutin high-containing 9 strains. They are as follows. 'Buyoungsang', 'Yeulbon', 'Dangsang 5', 'A8', 'Aja', 'Seongsu 5', 'Sawonppong 12', 'Hwanyoupjosaengnosang' and 'Hwansipjosaeng' which are more than twice of the overall average content.