• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 2000

Large quantitive of polllutants are washed into reservoirs during storm events. These polllutants contribute to eutrophication, such as algal blooms and fish kills. This study was conducted for the purpose of assessing the pollutant removal possibilities of sedimentation pool formed by deep dredging of a reservoir inlet. Water quality data were collected in the Masan reservoir, whose inlet has been dredged deep like sedimentation pool. The average concentration of chemical oxygen demand(COD) , toatal nitrogen(T-N) and total phosphrous(T-P) in the deep dredged area were 8.7 ~20.5mg/ι (T-N), 0.17~0.84mg/ι(T-P), which were 4.9%(COD), 29.0%(T-N) and 44.8%(T-P) higher than those of middle part of the reservior. The texture of sediment in the dredged area was silty loam, while that of the middle part was sandy clay loam. Organic matter contents, T-N and T-P of the bottom soil in the dredge area showed higher values than the middle part of the reservoirs. From these results, it was considered thedeep dredged area in the inlet of reservoir might play a key role to settle pollutant particulate. Based on the result of water quality analysis, deep dredging of the reservoir inlet could be assessed to reduce T-N and T-P of the reservoir about 6.5% , 8.3%, respectively. However, the effect of the sedimentation pool would be raised if the settled particles were taken into account in assessing water quality improvement for the reservoir. Accordingly, dredging of a reservoir inlet to make a shape of sedimentation pool is recommended for water quality improvement of reservoir in the stage of dredging plan.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.391-398
• /
• 2011

This study is to develop highly efficient coagulation system(HECS) that runs treatment with a short retention time to cover the overflow in the rain, which coagulation, mixing and settling are contacted in a single reactor and to estimate the applicability. Setting up 100ton/day-size pilot scale plant, the results of continuous operation in case of runoff, maintaining 20 minute-retention time at optimum chemical injection condition(Alum 100mg/L, Polymer 1.0mg/L) shows the highest removal efficiency(Turbidity 93.1%, TCODcr 80.6%, BOD 81.8%, SS 92.5%, TN 72.3% and T-P 87.3%). It was estimated that the large amount of cost for separate sewage system and the size of area for system instruction can be reduced if the HECS is applied for CSOs treatment because the HECS is so compact and quickly. When we see the results, HECS from this study could be able to treat the pollutant quickly within a short retention time only with coagulant and polymer, which could show high applicability.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.97-105
• /
• 2011

In rivers and streams, biofilms are thin layers of greenish-brown slime attached to rocks, plants, and other surfaces. Biofilms play key roles in primary production and cycling of nutrients, water quality remediation, suspended sediment removal, and energy flow to higher trophic levels. In the present study, we developed a two-dimensional cellular automata model to simulate mixed biofilms of toxin-sensitive and toxin-producing species in hydrodynamic flow. The flow was generated by a stochastic process for uniform flow and by using the Navier-Stokes equation for non-uniform flow. Minimized local rules governing reproduction and mortality of the species were executed in the self-organizing processes to elucidate interactions between toxin-producing and toxin-sensitive species in competition over nutrients. We briefly discuss the morphology of the simulated biofilm under different flow conditions.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2011

This study carried out a series of experiments involving impact tests (Drop Weight type & Charpy type with a standard specimen and newly designed I-type specimen), hardness tests, and fracture surface observations of French-made roll shell steel (F), abnormal roll shell steel (M), reheated roll shell steel (R), and S25C steel under heat treatment conditiAn experimental study was carried out to study the solid-liquid mixture upward hydraulic transport of solid particles in vertical and inclined annuli with a rotating inner cylinder. The lift forces acting on a fluidized particle play a central role in many important applications such as the removal of drill cuttings in horizontal drill holes, sand transport in fractured reservoirs, sediment transport, the cleaning of particles from surfaces, etc. In this study a clear acrylic pipe was used to observe the movement of solid particles. Annular velocities varied from 0.4 to 1.2 m/s. The effect of the annulus inclination and drill pipe rotation on the carrying capacity of a drilling fluid, particle rising velocity, and pressure drop in a slim hole annulus were measured for fully-developed flows of water and aqueous solutions of CMC (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) and bentonite. The rotation of the inner cylinder was efficient at carrying particles to some degree. For a higher particle volume concentration, the hydraulic pressure loss of the mixture flow increased because of the friction between the wall and solids or between solids.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.281-286
• /
• 2005

In this study, the anaerobic enrichment cultivation was performed with the sediments and the dredged soils from the cities of Ulsan, Masan, Yeosu, Gwangyang, Ansan and Seongnam. Acetate as an electron donor and PCE (perchloroethylene) or TCE (trichloroethylene) as an electron acceptor were injected into the serum bottle with an anaerobic medium. After the incubation of 12 weeks, the removal efficiency of PCE was highest at $70\%$ in the treatment with the sediment of Ulsan. Also, the bacterial community structure was analyzed by D-DGGE (double denatured gradient gel electrophoresis) through PCR-based 16S rDNA approaches. The dominant species id the anaerobic enrichment were found to belong to the genus of Desulfovibrio.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.249-256
• /
• 2010

A phytoremediation study has been conducted to see if some known aquatic plants can remove the pesticides, endosulfan-${\alpha},\;{\beta}$ and fenitrothion which are frequently used in the crop protection and golf course management, and are likely to exist as residual pollutants in the aquatic ecosystems. Among the five aquatic plants tested in the microcosms, water lily Nymphaea tetragona Georgi showed the highest degradation efficacies (85~95%) for the three pesticides as opposed to the control(13~26%). The efficacies for the other plants were in the range of 46~80% in the order of Pistia stratiotes, Cyperus helferi, Eichhornia crassipes, and Iris pseudoacorus. Fenitrothion, an organo-phosphorus pesticide, was much more vulnerable to the phytoremediation than the organo-chlorine pesticides, endosulfan-${\alpha}$ and endosulfan-${\beta}$. The kinetic rate constants ($min^{-1}$) for removal of the three pesticides were more than 10 times higher than the control (non-planting) in case of Nymphaea tetragona Georgi. This aquatic plant showed kinetic rate constants about 2 times as much as the lower kinetic rate constants shown by Iris pseudoacorus. The reason for the highest degradation efficacy of water lily would be that the plant can live in the sediment and possess roots and broad leaves which could absorb or accumulate and degrade more pollutants in association with microbes. These results indicate that some of the selected aquatic plants planted near the agricultural lands and wetlands could contribute to remediation of pesticides present in these places, and could be applicable to protection of the aquatic ecosystems.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.64-78
• /
• 2019

The background concentrations of heavy metals in Korean coastal sediments were estimated using heavy metal data for 495 sediments obtained from 'National Marine Ecosystem Survey (Coastal ecosystem) in 2016-2017' and the extent of contamination was assessed. Al, Cs, and Li are chosen as appropriate indicators for sediment grain size. In the relationships between heavy metal and indicators concentrations, the lowest slope data were selected through the outlier removal and residual analysis, and the background concentrations were presented as a linear regression line between metal and indicator. Comparing the previous studies for the background concentrations of heavy metals in Korean coastal sediments, concentration levels were generally consistent but those for As and Cd were presented for the first time, and the background concentration using Li as the indicator was presented for the first time.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2021.06a
• /
• pp.128-128
• /
• 2021

Most of the studies about stormwater low impact development technologies used generalized observations without fully understanding the mechanisms affecting the whole performance of the systems from catchment to the facility itself. At present, these LID technologies have been treated as black box due to fluctuating flow and environmental conditions affecting its operation and treatment performance. As such, the implications of microbial community to the overall performance of the tree-box filter were investigated in this study. Summer season was found to be the most suitable season for microorganism growth since more microorganism were found during this season. Least microorganism count was found in spring because of the plant growth during this season since plant penology influences the seasonal dynamics of soil microorganisms. Litterfall during fall season might have affected the microorganism count during winter since, during this season, the compositional variety of soil organic matter changes affecting growth of soil microbial communities. Microbial analyses of sediment samples collected in the system revealed that the most dominant microorganism phylum is Proteobacteria in all the seasons in both inlet and outlet comprising 37% to 47% of the total microorganism count. Proteobacteria was followed by Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi which comprises 6% to 20%, 9% to 20% and 2% to 27%, respectively of the total microorganism count for each season. These findings were useful in optimizing the design and performance of tree box filters considering physical, chemical and biological pollutant removal mechanisms.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2020.06a
• /
• pp.339-339
• /
• 2020

도시화로 인한 불투수면적의 증가와 기후 변화로 인한 강우패턴의 변화 자연적 물순환 체계에 악영향을 미치며. 이를 해결하기 위하여 국내에서는 도시 내 빗물관리 및 비점오염원 저감이 가능한 저영향개발(Low Impact Development, LID)를 적용하고 있다. 건기시 도로, 주차장등 차량통행 및 유동인구가 많은 지역에서는 입자상 물질들이 많이 발생되어 노면에 축적되어 있다가 강우시 강우유출수를 통해 시설로 유입된다. 이로 인해 시설 내 오염물질 및 퇴적물이 축적되어 여재 공극막힘현상 및 침투율저하의 문제가 발생되어 시설 내 효율이 감소된다. 따라서, 레인가든의 장기 모니터링을 통해 시설 내 유입되는 오염물질의 성상 분석 및 시설 내부의 퇴적물 분석을 통해 LID시설 운영의 효율성 평가를 수행하였다. 모니터링은 강우시 모니터링과 건기시 집수구역, 침강지, 시설 상부, 중부, 하부 등 총 5곳에서 채취하여 분석을 수행하였다. 모니터링은 평균 선행건기 일수는 5.46±4.7 days, 평균 강우량은 14.31±11.4 mm, 평균 강우강도는 5.33±6.7 mm/hr의 강우사상에서 모니터링을 수행하였다. 시설 내 평균 유입수농도는 TSS 98.0 ± 32.7 mg / L, COD 133.6 ± 6.3 mg / L, TN 5.77 ± 4.05 mg, TP 0.54 ± 0.03 mg / L으로 분석되었다. 유입부 내 퇴적물 종류는 Sandy Clay Loam으로 나타났으며, Cr 0.36mg / kg, Cu 5.17 mg / kg and Pb 6.04 mg / kg으로 중금속의 함유량이 높은것으로 분석되었다. 퇴적물은 침강지 및 시설 유입부에서의 입자크기는 49-113㎛ 약 60%의 퇴적물이 축적되어 제거되는 것으로 나타났다. 시설 내 침강지에서 50㎛ 이상의 입자들이 여과, 흡착 및 침전으로 인하여 40% 이상의 입자들이 제거되는 것으로 분석되었으며, 50㎛ 미만의 입자들은 시설 내 중간부, 유출부에서 제거되는 것으로 분석되었다. 침강지에서 유입수 대부분의 입자상물질들이 흡착 및 여과로 인한 제거가 이루어지기에 침강지 여재부는 넓은 표면적, 우수한 흡착능 및 여과율을 고려하여 선정하영 하며, 잦은 교체를 위하여 중량성이 낮은 우드칩 등이 적당한 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.400-407
• /
• 2011

To evaluate the aquatic ecological characteristics in Sinpyongcheon constructed wetlands for treating nonpoint source pollution, the removal rates of nutrients in water, the total amounts of T-N and T-P uptakes by water plants, and chemical characteristics of T-N and T-P in sediment were investigated. The concentrations of BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P in inflow were 0.07~1.47, 0.60~2.65, 0.50~4.60, 1.38~6.26 and $0.08{\sim}0.32mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. The removal rates of BOD, COD, SS, T-N, and T-P were 14%, 6%, 18%, 24%, and 10%, respectively. The maximum amount of T-N uptake by water plants in August was $813mg\;plant^{-1}$ for Phragmites communis TRIV in $2^{nd}$ bed, $1,172mg\;plant^{-1}$ for Typha orientalis PRESL in $3^{rd}$ bed, respectively. The maximum amount of T-P uptake by water plants in August was $247mg\;plant^{-1}$ for Phragmites communis TRIV in $2^{nd}$ bed, $359mg\;plant^{-1}$ for Typha orientalis PRESL in $3^{rd}$ bed, respectively. Organic matter, T-N, and T-P contents in sediments were high in the order of $1^{st}$ bed > $2^{nd}$ bed > $3^{rd}$ bed. Microbial biomass C/N/P ratios in sediments in $1^{st}$, $2^{nd}$, and $3^{rd}$ were 78~110/3~6/1, 73~204/1~6/1, and 106~169/1~6/1, respectively.