• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 1985

These studies were conducted to investigate the effect of Yijin-tang on the anticonvulsion, analgesic, sedative actions, effect on blood vessels and blood pressure. The result of these studies was summarized as follows; Suppressive action was shown on convulsion due to cerebrocortical causes, but no such actions were noted either myelic or diencephaltic causes in mice. Analgesic and sedative actions were significantly recognized in mice. Increasing of blood pressure and vasocontractive actions were noted.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.296-304
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• 2009

The nutritional significance of essential amino acids, as well as non-essential amino acids, is well documented in poultry production with regards to growth performance and protein accretion. However, the function of amino acids in the stress response is still unclear. L-Pipecolic acid, a L-lysine metabolite in the brain, induced a hypnotic and sedative effect acting via the ${\gamma}$- aminobutyric acid receptors. L-Arginine also induced a sedative effect via its metabolism to L-ornithine. In addition, three-carbon nonessential amino acids like L-alanine, L-serine and L-cysteine also induced sedative effects. These facts suggest that the requirement for amino acids in both essential and non-essential types may require reconsideration to add the concept of stress amelioration in the future.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 1984

Ponies were administered at the level of 0.1mg per kg of body weight of acetylpromazine malate through the jugular vein. Sedative effect, clinical signs such as body temperature, and changes of red blood cell counts and serum glucose concentration were investigated. Sedation was induced 5 to 6 minutes after injection of acepromazine and sedative effect was lasted for 30 to 40 minutes. Responsive reactions, however, to external stimuli were remained. Change of body temperature was not observed and heart beat was increased at the stage of induction and respiratory rate was decreased during the sedative period. Red blood cell count was considerably decreased during sedation, and concentration of serum glucose showed a tendency to increase gradually from the induction.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.91-92
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• 2003

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the antinociceptive and sedative - hypnotic effect of a vacuum dried methanol extract of aerial parts of Artemisia pallens. In the tail-flick method with Swiss albino mice the methanol extract at the doses of (1500 mg/kg, 2000 mg/kg, and 2500 mg/kg) showed significant antinociceptive activity. Significant potentiation of Pentobarbitone sodium - induced sleeping time was observed in mice on co-administration of the various doses of the methanol extract of Artemisia pallens.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1987.05a
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• pp.7.3-8
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• 1987

청성뇌간 유발반응이 Juwett 및 Sohmer와 Feinmesser에 의하여 보고된 이래 타각적 청력검사로서 임상적응용에까지 이르렀다. 타각적 청력검사는 반응역치와 청각역치의 오차가 적어야 하며 주파수별로 역치측정이 가능하여야 하며 개인차가 적고 반응의 재현성이 높아야 되며 반응의 판정이 용이해야 함이 필요조건으로서 이러한 조건이 피검자의 수면상태하에서도 충족되어야 한다. 저자들은 정상 성인 청력자를 대상으로 sedation전후의 ABR에 대한 latency 및 amplitude를 중심으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) Sedative의 사용에 있어서 amplitude및 latency의 차이는 없었다. 2) Sedative의 사용에는 무관하게 low frequency filter에서 high frequency filter보다 voltage의 유의한 차가 있었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1194-1201
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• 2004

Michael addition of certain nucleophiles on ${\alpha}$ , ${\beta}$-unsaturated ketones 1 led to the formation of adducts 2-7 as well as the reaction of arylidene derivatives with secondary amines afforded the amino compounds 9 and 11. Also, dialkylmalonates were treated with ${\alpha}$-cyano cinnamide to afford 13. On the other hand, double Michael cycloaddition of ethylcyanoacetate or tetrachlorophthalic anhydride to the suitable divinylketone were synthesized to produce 15-17. Selected compounds (13 and 6) were screened for muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant, and sedative activities using established pharmacological models. Their activities were compared with that of phenobarbital sodium taken as standard. Compound 6 was the most potent muscle relaxant while compounds 13a and 13c offered the highest anticonvulsant activity. Meanwhile compound 13c showed the highest potentiation of phenobarbital induced sleep in mice.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 2000

Objectives : This is the experimetal paper to evaluate and compare the effects of Bosimgunbitang(補心健脾湯) with those of Jungjungamiyijintang(正傳加味二陳湯) on contraction of isolated organs, anti-ulcer, secretion of gastric juice, secretion of gastrin in serum, transport ability of intestine, analgesic effect and sedative effect Methods : We used mice and rats administered with the extract of the above herbs. Results: Bosimgunbitang and jungjungamiijintang showed the inhibitory effect on the smooth muscle contraction of the isolated ileum induced by acethylcholine chloride and barium chloride in mice. transport ability of intestine. Bosimgunbitang and jungjungamiijintang showed the inhibitory effect on the contraction of the fundus-strip induced by acethylcholine chloride and barium chloride in rats. The preventive effect on pyloric ulcer, indomethacin induced ulcer and ethanol-HCl induced ulcer bf mice was significant. The inhibitory effect of Bosimgunbitang on gastric free acidity, total acidity in Shay rats was significant. The inhibitory effect of on gastrin secretion in serum was significant after only 1 hour when the Bosimgunbitang and jungjungamiijintang was administered. The promoting effect of the jungjungamiijintang on the transport ability of small intestine was significant in the high concentration. The promoting effect of the Bosimgunbitang and jungjungamiijintang on the transport ability of large intestine was significant. The analgesic and the sedative effect were recognized. It meaned that Bosimgunbitang and jungjungamiijintang effected on the C.N.S.. Conclusion : Bosimgunbitang and jungjungamiijintang have the inhibitory effect on the smooth muscle abnormal contraction of the isolated ileum and the anti-ulcer effect to prevent, secretion of gastric juice and gastrin in serum. And they also have to increase a transport ability of intestine, analgesic effect and sedative effect. Jungjungamiijintang especially is eminent for analgesic effect while Bosimgunbitang has excellent sedative effect.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.85-89
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• 1982

Xylazine and ketamine hydrochloride were given intramusculary to 32 deers (sika deer 7, red deer 11, elk 6, pere david deer 3, and reindeer 5). Ketamine hydrochloride was injected 30 minutes after administration of xylazine. Sedative action of combined anesthesia of xylazine and ketamine hydrochloride was similar to the sedative effects of xylazine alone. The recovery from sedation of combined anesthesia was remarkably fast comparing with xylazine alone.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.280-292
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to assess the sedative effect of three kinds of medication for management of the uncooperative 60 children aged from 16 months to 87 months required extensive treatment. The patients were given randomly a dose of 75mg/kg of chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine 25mg orally or 0.5mg/kg of midazolam orally or 0.3mg/kg of midazolam intranasally. All the children were restrained in a Pediwrap and were monitored with Pulse oximeter for assessing the safety of patients. According to rating scale, sleep, crying, movement, and overall behavior were checked for evaluation of the clinical sedative effect. The results were as follows: 1. In the evaluation of sleep, rating scale of chloral hydrate/hydroxyzine was superior to the other group(p<0.05). 2. In the evaluation of crying and movement at beginning of treatment, rating scale of chloral hydrate/hydroxyzine was superior to the other group(p<0.05), but during the treatment, rating scale of each group was not significantly different (p>0.05). 3. In the evaluation of overall behavior, 80% children of chloral hydrate/hydroxyzine were rated good or very good. With the oral and intranasal midazolam, 60% children were rated good or very good respectively. 4. There were no clinical signs of significant cyanosis and respiratory depression. Clinically, chloral hydrate/hydroxyzine was proved to be more effective sedation than any other sedative method. Oral and intranasal midazolam were also safe and effective sedation in young children undergoing pediatric dental procedures.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.342-349
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• 2011

This study was performed to determine the composition of phenolic substances contained in the leaves of Cirsium setidens (Compositae), validate the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, and determine the in vivo sedative effect of the main component pectolinarin. Six phenolic compounds isolated from C. setidens were spectroscopically identified as chlorogenic acid (1), hyperoside (2), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3), caffeic acid methyl ester (4), linarin (5), and pectolinarin (6) and then used as standard compounds for HPLC analysis. HPLC proved to be precise, accurate, and sensitive for the simultaneous analysis of the phenolic substances. In particular, six compounds showed good regression ($R^2$ > 0.999) within test ranges and recovery was in the range of 95.4 - 104.8%. The content of pectolinarin was considerably higher (156.48 mg/g) than those of other phenolic substances including the other flavone glycoside, linarin (18.99 mg/g). The contents of other phenolic substances, in order, were chlorogenic acid (8.41 mg/g), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5.74 mg/g), hyperoside (4.33 mg/g), and caffeic acid methyl ester (0.51 mg/g). Oral administration with compound 6 (10 and 20 mg/kg) enhanced the sleeping time induced by pentobarbital in mice, indicating that it has a sedative effect.