• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.101-124
• /
• 2007

The legal systems and open-door policies to foreign affairs in North Korea have been followed by those of China. Whereas an arbitration system of South Korea accepted most parts of UNCITRAL Model Law, North Korea has succeeded to an arbitration system of a socialist country. China, under the arbitration system of socialist country, enacted an arbitration act reflected from UNCITRAL Model Law for keeping face with international trends. We have used these three arbitration system as a tool for analyzing an arbitration system in North Korea. With an open-door policy, North Korea and China enacted an arbitration act to provide a legal security. Therefore, the core parts of arbitration system in North Korea and China are based on a socialist system while those of South Korea is on liberalism. So, North Korea and China enacted an arbitration act on the basis of institutional arbitration, on the other side, South Korea is based on ad-hoc arbitration. Because of these characters, in terms of party autonomy, it is recognized with the order as South Korea, China and North Korea. Also North Korea enacted separate 'Foreign Economic Arbitration Act' to resolve disputes arising out of foreign economies including commercial things and investments. There are differences in arbitration procedures and appointment of arbitrators : South Korea recognizes parties' autonomy, however parties should follow the arbitration rules of arbitration institutes in North Korea and China. According to an appointment of arbitrators, if parties fail to appoint co-arbitrators or chief arbitrators by a mutual agreement, the court has the right to appoint them. In case of following KCAB's rules, KCAB secretariats take a scoring system by providing a list of candidates. A party has to appoint arbitrators out of the lists provided by arbitration board(or committee) in North Korea. If a party may fail to appoint a chief arbitrator, President of International Trade Arbitration Board(or Committee) may appoint it. In China, if parties fail to appoint a co-arbitrator or a chief arbitrator by a mutual agreement, Secretary general will decide it. If a arbitral tribunal fails to give a final award by a majority decision, a chief arbitrator has the right for a final decision making. These arbitration systems in North Korea and China are one of concerns that our companies take into account in conducting arbitration procedures inside China. It is only possible for a party to enforce a final arbitral award when he applies an arbitration inside North Korea according to International Trade Arbitration Act because North Korea has not joined the New York Convention. It's doubtful that a party might be treated very fairly in arbitration procedures in North Korea because International Trade Promotion Commission controls(or exercises its rights against) International Trade Arbitration Commission(or Board).

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.59-71
• /
• 2014

Purpose. Medical tourism is recently becoming a new industry with great growth potential. The South Korean government is shifting medical tourism from simple cultural tourism to a high value-added industry with a new paradigm. Methods. The government has been providing positive support and marketing policies since the introduction of the article concerning foreign patient attraction to the medical law in 2009, and various types of medical institutions around the country has participated actively in medical tourism by themselves or in cooperation of government bodies and made increasingly greater performance. Results. This study obtained the following results. The medical institutions in Korea have been making efforts to see more development and profitability in diverse ways, including medical tourism for foreign patients and the advance of the Korean medical institutions into foreign markets. However, many local governing bodies and medical institutions participating in medical tourism around the country have primarily focused on examination and treatment on the basis of foreign patients' visit to South Korea and rarely built a medical network with other countries directly for medical tourism. This study presents a case of building a local medical network and a network for international medical tourism successfully on the basis of the local medical association, CMP, which has been formed naturally in Busan. The success factors for CMP included 1) enthusiasm of the official in charge; 2) the medical level, the service level, and open-mindedness of participant medical institutions; 3) cost efficiency due to executive office management with no costs, no conflicts, and constant partnership; 4) security of non-competitive expertise for participants; 5) local factors of CMP; 6) participation of good agencies; 7) reinforcement of participation networks; and 8) post facto management and local doctor management. Conclusions. Its positive effects included patient introduction and greater profitability on an internal basis as well as construction of the collaboration system with the institutions related to medical tourism and confidence. However, there are some limitations: it is still difficult to predict performance due to the short period of their activities, and it is necessary to continue to observe their constant activities since a single medical association was involved.

• Knowledge Management Research
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.59-77
• /
• 2018

The tourism industry is now changing to smart tourism, which maximizes tourists' overall tourism experience with the use of advanced mobile technologies and emphasizes the utilization of tourism information. Despite the quantitative expansion of the tourism industry, there is a lack of academic and practical discussion on tourism safety. Especially, in the context of walking tourism, tourists are more likely to be exposed to natural or social disasters and emergencies. Therefore, it is necessary to build a system that can provide walking tourists with safety information not only on dangerous factors which are anticipated to be confronted during a walking trip in advance but also on specific dangers in real time. Under the circumstances, this study seeks to identify the types of tourism safety information that can be offered by using publicly available open data, drawing on the safety information framework on the walking tourism that is presented in Choi et al. (2017)'s study. More specifically, this study focuses on the use of open data which is provided by the Korean government. Furthermore, this study verifies the types of safety information that are most urgently needed in walking travel situations. Specifically, this study aims to derive the importance and priority of each type of safety information for a walking trip by applying the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis. For this, we collected 35 questionnaires from walking tour operators (practitioners) and walking tourists. The main results are as follows. First, natural disaster information is the most important factor in the top-level factor of safety information for walking tourists, followed by social disaster, life safety, and exhibition (security crisis) information. Second, information on natural disasters, environmental pollution, and weather is considered to be important at the sub-level factor. Lastly, the noteworthy result of this study is that the importance of each type of safety information varies depending on the walking tour operators (practitioners) and the walking tourists. That is, there is a recognition difference between the operator (practitioner) and the user in the importance and priority of the safety information of the walking trip. Therefore, it is necessary to develop policies and services reflecting the opinions of potential users when providing safety information so that the most importantly recognized information can be provided first.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.10B
• /
• pp.639-647
• /
• 2005

When a DEV associates with an existing WPAN, the PNC checks the capabilities of the new DEV to see if it is more capable to be the PNC of the piconet based on the criteria defined in the IEEE Std 802.15. If the new DEV is more capable and the current security policies allow it, then the PNC has the option of handing over control of the piconet to the DEV that has just joined. And, If the PNC is shutting down or wants to leave the WPAN, it also uses the handover process to give control to another DEV in the piconet. However, IEEE 802.15.3 checks only DEV capability information for more PNC capable. For PNC selection, it should consider the radio coverage of new PNC capable DEVs. So, we propose the method of PNC selection with accessibility check. This method manages PNC candidate list in the current piconet. In this paper, we analyze accessibility problems for PNC selection in section 2. In section 3, we explain CI(Configuration Inquiry) process which is proposed by Sony Corporation and propose PCI(PNC Candidate Inquiry) process. Also, we perform numerical analysis to compare PCI process with CI process in section 4. Finally, we conclude in section 5.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.590-595
• /
• 2016

The US is pursuing a plan to raise the subsidies for electric vehicles by more than 30%. The number of electric vehicles in Europe is expected to be one million by 2020 and 2030 and there are plans to expand in the center of Germany to supply six million electric vehicles on the dissemination and development policies. The development of the electric vehicle is not simply a technical trend but there is the potential to improve the access to this technology and the possibility of changing the entire social system and long-term energy security. Domestic competition is also increasing the supply of electric vehicles, as new blue ocean markets are emerging. The current domestic On-board Charger (Home Charger) plans to be suspended from the 2015 government-sponsored installation, This paper on the IEC 61851-1 and IEC 61851-22 specifications analyzes the development of a midnight electricity charger as a low-cost algorithm, the decrease in price and the improved convenience of the On-board Charger for Bluetooth module with the ATmega128 existing charger system, and the UI configuration via the LCD Panel to a Smartphone app are proposed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.13-25
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to suggest the direction of O2O industry policy for solving the conflict problems with the traditional industry stakeholder and for enhancing the regulations as new industry development is inevitable. We make use of TAIDA that is one of scenario methods to accomplish the purpose and suggest the direction of policy. First, it is needed to prepare directly by government the environment that new business models are able to emerge easily with various consulting services and information supports like public system servers and IT infra, it is practical support policy. Second, positive legal application for new business and making the law for new business are needed in legal issues situation as soon as possible. Third, the conflicts with old and new industry would be managed to the direction of "predictable" progressively. Incongruity among laws, safety and security problems, and the conflict of stakeholder are urgent. Because of the limit in this study, it is expected that O2O industry is categorized in detail aligned to the characteristics and that new policies along to the separate industry areas are developed by the following study.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.129-143
• /
• 2015

Increasing concerns on climate change and energy security accelerated policies to reduce green-house gas emission, especially from the transportation sector. Electric vehicle (EV) has been on the spotlight to deal with such environmental issue and V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) technology began to draw attentions as an alternative to reduce ownership costs while contributing to an efficient and decentralized power grid. This study conducts a scenario analysis on total cost of ownership of EV under V2G scheme and compare with non-V2G EV and Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicle. As result, V2G service is expected to provide an annual average profit of $210 to EV users willing to reverse flow its residual power in the battery. The profit from V2G service leaves a margin of $4,530 over operational lifetime, compared with $2,420 cost of charge for non-V2G EV. In summary, total cost of ownership of V2G-capable EV was 6.2% less than non-V2G EV and 10.2% higher than ICE vehicle. The results confirm a comparative economic advantage of operating EV under V2G scheme. Increased number of EVs with V2G service has shown to provide positive effects to power industry for valley filling in load distribution, thus, favorably increasing the overall economic feasibility.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.247-257
• /
• 2014

This study proposes a new housing need and demand assessment model centering on small-scale housing development projects and happy house development projects that reflected the recent changes in rental and small sized apartment centered public housing policies and development paradigms. The housing need and demand assessment model of public housing development projects consists of quantitative evaluation factors such as potential need indicator and demand pressure indicator and qualitative evaluation factors such as local condition indicator. The potential need indicators of small sized housing development projects are calculated by subtracting the stock of already-supplied constructed rental and purchased rental housings from the potential quantity of need drawn from the small regions such as -eup, -myeon, and -dong. In the potential need indicators of happy house development projects, the potential need is calculated from those who are expected to receive a happy house in the unit of -si, -gun, and -gu. In small-sized housing development projects, demand pressure indictors are the number and the proportion of those who opened a subscription deposit, the number of those who received basic livelihood security and the number of those who were patriots and veterans. The demand pressure indicators of the happy house development projects are stock ratio of small-sized houses, rate of rise in housing rent price, level of housing rent price, and rate of monthly rent house.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.479-494
• /
• 2017

After Fukushima incident, negative sentiment towards nuclear power has led to transition in policies that reduce the dependency on nuclear power in some countries. President Moon of Republic of Korea also announced a national plan of decommissioning retired nuclear power plants stage by stage. Therefore, nuclear power that once was considered the critical solution to energy security and climate change is now a limited option. This study aims to find an optimal energy mix in Korea's electricity system from 2016 through 2030 to combat climate change through energy transition with minimum cost. The study is divided into two different scenarios; energy transition and nuclear sustenance, to compare the total costs of the systems. Both scenarios show that electricity generated by wind technology increases from 2018 whereas that of photovoltaic(PV) increases from 2021. However, the total cost of the energy transition scenario was USD 4.7 billion more expensive than the nuclear sustenance scenario.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.53-63
• /
• 2018

The traditional mass media function of conveying information and forming public opinion has rapidly changed into an environment in which information and opinions are shared through social media with the development of ICT technology, and such social media further strengthens its influence. In other words, it has been confirmed that the influence of the public opinion through the production and sharing of public opinion on political, social and economic changes is increasing, and this change is already in use on the political campaign. In addition, efforts to grasp and reflect the opinions of the public by utilizing social media are being actively carried out not only in the political area but also in the public area. The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of using social media based public opinion in educational policy. We collected media data, analyzed the main topic and probability of occurrence of each topic, and topic trends. As a result, we were able to catch the main interest of the public(the 'Domestic Computer Education Time' accounted for 43.99%, and 'Prime Project Selection' topics was 36.81% and 'Artificial Intelligence Program' topics was 7.94%). In addition, we could get a suggestion that flexible policies should be established according to the timing of the curriculum and the subject of the policy even if the category of the policy is same.