• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.91-102
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• 2024

Purpose: This study exploresthe impact of e-service quality (e-SQ) on satisfaction, trust, and loyalty within Chinese online travel retail distribution agencies (OTRDAs) using the SOR (stimulus-organism-response) model. In addition, this research examines the mediating roles of satisfaction and trust in the relationship between e-SQ and loyalty. In the model, e-SQ encompasses four sub-dimensions, such as information, efficiency, reliability, and security. Research design, data, and methodology: Data were collected from 401 respondents through an online survey. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and SmartPLS 4.1 to test the relationships among the variables. Results: The findings reveal that information, efficiency, reliability, and security positively influence satisfaction and trust. Both satisfaction and trust, in turn, significantly enhance loyalty. Mediation analysisindicatesthat satisfaction and trust partially mediate the relationship between e-SQ and loyalty. Conclusions: The study highlights the direct effects of e-SQ components on satisfaction and trust, as well as their indirect effects on loyalty within the OTRDA framework. Notably, trust exerts a stronger influence on loyalty than satisfaction, underscoring the importance of trust as a mediator in the satisfaction-loyalty relationship. Consequently, customer loyalty programs for OTRDAs should prioritize trust evaluations alongside satisfaction measures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.427-433
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• 2004

Information is increasing continuously in on-line, it is real condition that inaccurate informations are mass-produced but effort to keep accuracy of these informations is lacking. Already, research about government official of information in World Wide Web is consisting of various method and viewpoint, but problem for the importance of correct information offer and offer of mistake information in World Wide Web about specification target and administration way presentation are no research reward yet and system that can keep accuracy of information is not equiped properly. ss and accuracy whether mistake information in harbor and bay connection web site's administration influences how in authoritativeness security of site and present condition information of harbor and bay and operation information. In this study, we wish to present administration way about mistake informations that is required that recognize problem of mistake information and the administration's importance in on-line in this research, and supply phenomenon information in Web site. We made the right definition about mistake of information through priority literature investigation and virtued research for this, and sorted mistake information in type. And we investigated Pusan port connection information and offered present condition in on-line and research on actual state of mistake information offer and analysis. Reflecting type and special quality of examined mistake informations, We want to make people recognize the importance af freshness and accuracy whether mistake information in harbor and bay connection web site's administration influences how in authoritativeness security of site and present condition information of harbor and bay and operation information.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.14 no.6_2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between organizational culture, job characteristics and job continuance will among police officers. This study targets the police officers dispatched in the Seoul metropolitan area in 2012, and it uses judgment sampling method to analyze 187 samples. This study conducted the statistical analysis, including frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis and multiple regression analysis, by using SPSS WIN 18.0. The result is as follows. First, the organizational culture among police officers has effects on job characteristics. That is, the feedback increases as the organizational culture becomes more mutual development- or agreement-oriented, or as it becomes more hierarchical; on the other hand, the job importance increases as more hierarchical and rational a culture becomes. Also, self-determination increases as an organization becomes more mutual development- or agreement-oriented. Second, the organizational culture among police officers has effects on the job continuance will. That is, the expected satisfaction increases but intentional insincerity decreases as the organizational culture becomes more mutual development- or agreement-oriented. Also, risk-perceiving behavior increases as an organizational culture becomes more hierarchical. Third, police officers' job characteristics have effects on the job continuance will. That is, the feedback and job importance increases the expected satisfaction while reducing functional diversity. The feedback also reduces the contraction factor. The job importance increases intentional insincerity while reducing functional diversity. The functional diversity not only increase alternative expectation but also increases risk-perceiving factors.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.117-148
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• 2022

The full impact of COVID-19 has yet to be felt: while it may not define the new decade, it is clear that its immediate significance was to test many of the basic operating assumptions and procedures of global civilization. Even as vaccines are developed and utilized and even as it is possible to see the beginning of the end of COVID-19 as a discrete historical event, it remains unclear as to its ultimate importance. That said, it is evident that the academic exploration of Southeast Asia will also be affected by both the global and regional experiences of the pandemic. "Breakthroughs of Area Studies and ASEAN in the Era of Homo Untact" promises to help reconceptualize the study of the region by highlighting the importance of redefined spatial relationships and new potentially depersonalized modes of communication. This paper acknowledges these issues by suggesting that the transformations caused by the pandemic should motivate scholars to raise new questions about how to understand humanity-particularly as it is defined by societies, nations and regions. Given that COVID-19 (and the response to it) has altered many of the fundamental rhythms of globalized regions, there is sufficient warrant for re-examining both the ways in which disease, health and their related spaces affect the perceptions of Southeast Asia. To achieve "breakthroughs" into the investigation of the region, it makes sense to have another glance at the ways in which the discourses about diseases and health may have helped to inscribe definitions of Southeast Asia-or, at the very least, the nations, societies and peoples who live within it. In order to at least consider these larger issues, the discussion will concentrate on a formative moment in the conceptualization of Southeast Asia-British engagement with the region in the late 18^th and early 19^th centuries. To that end three themes will be highlighted: (1) the role that British diplomatic and military narratives played in establishing the information priorities required for the construction of colonial knowledge; (2) the importance not only of "colonial knowledge" but information making in its own right; (3) in anticipation of the use of big data, the manner in which manufactured information (related to space and disease) could function in shaping early British perceptions of Southeast Asia-particularly in Batavia and Java. This discussion will suggest that rather than see social distancing or increased communication as the greatest outcome of COVID-19, instead it will be the use of data-that is, big, aggregated biometric data which have not only shaped responses to the pandemic, but remain likely to produce the reconceptualization of both information and knowledge about the region in a way that will be at least as great as that which took place to meet the needs of the "New Imperialism." Furthermore, the definition and articulation of Southeast Asia has often reflected political and security considerations. Yet, the experience of COVID-19 could prove that data and security are now fused into a set of interests critical to policy-makers. Given that the pandemic should accelerate many existing trends, it might be foreseen these developments will herald the triumph of homo indicina: an epistemic condition whereby the human subject has become a kind of index for its harvestable data. If so, the "breakthroughs" for those who study Southeast Asia will follow in due course.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.30-40
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• 2024

Building an accurate 3-D spatial road network model has become an active area of research now-a-days that profess to be a new paradigm in developing Smart roads and intelligent transportation system (ITS) which will help the public and private road impresario for better road mobility and eco-routing so that better road traffic, less carbon emission and road safety may be ensured. Dealing with such a large scale 3-D road network data poses challenges in getting accurate elevation information of a road network to better estimate the CO₂ emission and accurate routing for the vehicles in Internet of Vehicle (IoV) scenario. Clustering and regression techniques are found suitable in discovering the missing elevation information in 3-D spatial road network dataset for some points in the road network which is envisaged of helping the public a better eco-routing experience. Further, recently Explainable Artificial Intelligence (xAI) draws attention of the researchers to better interprete, transparent and comprehensible, thus enabling to design efficient choice based models choices depending upon users requirements. The 3-D road network dataset, comprising of spatial attributes (longitude, latitude, altitude) of North Jutland, Denmark, collected from publicly available UCI repositories is preprocessed through feature engineering and scaling to ensure optimal accuracy for clustering and regression tasks. K-Means clustering and regression using Support Vector Machine (SVM) with radial basis function (RBF) kernel are employed for 3-D road network analysis. Silhouette scores and number of clusters are chosen for measuring cluster quality whereas error metric such as MAE ( Mean Absolute Error) and RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) are considered for evaluating the regression method. To have better interpretability of the Clustering and regression models, SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations), a powerful xAI technique is employed in this research. From extensive experiments , it is observed that SHAP analysis validated the importance of latitude and altitude in predicting longitude, particularly in the four-cluster setup, providing critical insights into model behavior and feature contributions SHAP analysis validated the importance of latitude and altitude in predicting longitude, particularly in the four-cluster setup, providing critical insights into model behavior and feature contributions with an accuracy of 97.22% and strong performance metrics across all classes having MAE of 0.0346, and MSE of 0.0018. On the other hand, the ten-cluster setup, while faster in SHAP analysis, presented challenges in interpretability due to increased clustering complexity. Hence, K-Means clustering with K=4 and SVM hybrid models demonstrated superior performance and interpretability, highlighting the importance of careful cluster selection to balance model complexity and predictive accuracy.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.135-150
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• 2014

As the collection and use of personal information increases, the accidents that abuse and leak personal information are continuously increasing. The nation has established new laws and strengthened related laws for the prevention of the mass leakage of personal information and the secondary damage due to the leaked personal information. The nation also established the guidelines that need to be implemented by the institutions handling personal information for the safety of the personal information. For the efficient implementation of guidelines under the limited time and resources, it is necessary to establish the priorities between guidelines. This paper compares the relative importance of the guidelines by AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) technique. We performed the analysis on two expert groups, the group of consultants working in information security consulting company and the group of information security staffs handling personal information directly in the company. We compared the differences between groups and recommended the relative importances of the guidelines.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.22
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• pp.197-230
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• 2010

This study examined the institutional improvement directions of industrial security programs, particularly focusing upon policies and practices in the U.S., to enhance the effectiveness of industrial security programs in Korea. This study also aimed to investigate the significance of institutional and/or policy implementations in preventing economic espionage attempt. Data leakage and/or loss of trade secrets in corporations has been a scary proposition and a serious headache to both the CEOs and the CSOs(Chief Security Officers). Security professionals or practitioners have always had to deal with data leakage issues that arise from e-mail, instant messaging(IM), and other Internet communication channels. In addition, with the proliferation of wireless and mobile technology, it's now much easier than ever for loss by data breaches to occur, whether accidentally or maliciously or even by an economic espionage attempt. The researcher in this study used both a case study and a comparative research to analyze the different strategies and approaches between the U.S. and Korea in regard of implementing policies to mitigate damages by economic espionage attempts and prevent them from occurring. The researcher first examined the current policies and practices in the U.S. in terms of federal government's and agencies' approach and strategies on industrial security programs and their partnerships with private-commercial-sectors. The purpose of this paper is to explain and suggest selected findings, and a discussion of actions to be taken on implementing a proactive and tactical approach to enhance the effectiveness of industrial security programs to fight against information loss or data leaks. This study used case reviews, literatures, newspapers, articles, and Internet resources relating to the subject of this study for triangulation of data. The findings during this research are as follows. This research suggests that both the private and the governmental sector should closely cooperate in the filed of industrial security to strengthen its traditional prevention strategies and reduce opportunities of economic espionage as well. This study finally recognizes both the very importance of institutional development led by the Government in preventing economic espionage attempts and its effectiveness when properly united with effective industrial security programs.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 2000

The aims of this study are to establish a mode of housing life style that meet the demands of families living in big cities, and the contribute to the development of a better housing life style pattern by considering metropolitan residents' choice of housing and basic concepts of their behavioral patterns. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Value orientation of family life was divided into value orientation of family and value orientation of housing. Value orientation of family was constituted of four factors such as 'harmony', 'leisure and hobbies', 'individual development and its support' , 'education' . Value orientation of housing is constituted of three factors such as 'physical characteristics of house' , '\`environmental condition', 'socio-economic conditions of housing'. The comprehensive life values were constituted of six factors such as 'the importance of communal family', 'the importance of housing decoration and housing life benefits', 'the importance of security and holding environment' , 'the importance of familial harmony', 'the importance of privacy', 'the importance of convenience and natural environment'. Based on three factors, were found to be fine types of value orientation of family life which were 'pursue healthy of family', 'comfort of family', 'clean environment', 'convenient environment', and 'harmonious relationship among family members'. Variables influencing the value orientation of family life were property and price of housing. 2. Consumption propensity when buying house, furniture and durables were constituted of four factors which were propensity to 'beauty', 'fashion', 'tradition and symbol', and 'pragmatic use'. Based on these factors, there were found to be four types of consumption propensity when buying house, furniture and durables which were 'fashion', 'tradition and symbol', 'beauty', and 'pragmatic use'. Variables influencing spending habits were found to be objective social class (SES), types of residence, wife's educational background, and price of housing. 3. Propensity to using space were constituted of three factors which were 'convenience', 'politeness and social grace', and 'housekeeping'. Based on these factors, there were found to be three types of propensity to using space which were 'individuality', 'convenience', and 'politeness and housekeeping'. Variables influencing propensity to use of space were found to be objective social class (SES), wife's educational background, types of homeownership and price of housing 4. According to this study, there were found to be six patterns of housing life style: 1) family that seeks formalist life, 2) family that seeks harmonious life, 3) family that seeks active healthy life, 4) family that combine various factors, 5) family that seeks convenience, 6) family that stresses environment.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.17
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• pp.301-316
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• 2008

The occurrence of complicating, multilateral social condition demands the strategy for facing many social state and consolidating public security against criminal loss. The lacking ability of local police for preventing crime can't satisfy the demand of security and can't get rid of fear of crime. At last, it brings a distrust of public confidence and became a factor of serious social crisis. We have problems - not only making an alternative plan for preventing crime, but also introducing CPTED(Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) by environmental design, to expect crime prevention and to select systemic crime prevention system and the most suitable model. And we have a goal - to recognize the importance of guard activity for local crime, analyse public safety activity in community & focusing guard activity as a strategy for them, apply CPTED in police and private security company as a local crime prevention & setting effective model, and, make it as an index for preventing & dealing with intellectual, brutal crime. The rapid growth in the guarding-activity field lighten the burden of police for crime-prevention. But the misjudgement of some people blocks it to be settled institutionally. It needs to reconsider what is the effective crime-prevention method, at this point of time when the all parts of a nation changing into unlimited competitive, private self-control system.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.415-426
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• 2013

Smart work has recently introduced as a way to solve problems such as greenhouse gas emissions, low birth rate and aging as well as to improve productivity. Because of development of ICT infrastructure and the proliferation of smart devices, the mobile office has the most commonly used within types of smart work in Korea. But the adoption of the mobile office in small businesses is only half of that of large corporations. The security issue appears to be one of the biggest obstacles to the introduction of smart work in small businesses. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the information security factors that should be considered when the mobile office is introduced to small businesses. By analyzing the previous studies, the information security factors of the mobile office are classified 5 groups composed of 24 factors. 5 groups are terminals, applications and platforms, networks, servers and users. According to the survey result using AHP, 'User' was drawn to the most important group, and 'Data Encryption', 'Wireless LAN Control' and 'Terminal Recovery When Leaving' were drawn to the important information security factors of the mobile office among 24 factors.