• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.10
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• pp.3319-3326
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• 2021

As a form of industrial control systems (ICS), nuclear instrumentation and control (I&C) systems have been digitalized increasingly. This has raised in turn cyber security concerns. Cyber security for ICS is important because cyber-attacks against ICS can cause not only equipment damage and loss of production but also personal and public safety hazards unlike in general IT environments. Numerous risk analyses have been carried out to enhance the safety of ICS and recently, many studies related to the cyber security of ICS are being conducted. Many existing risk analyses and cyber security studies have considered safety and cyber security separately. However, both safety and cyber security perspectives should be considered when analyzing risks for complex and critical ICS facilities such as nuclear power plants (NPPs). In this paper, the STPA-SafeSec methodology is selected to consider both safety and security perspectives when performing a risk analysis for NPPs in order to assess impacts on the safety by cyber-attacks against the digital I&C systems. The STPA-SafeSec methodology was applied to a test-bed system that simulates a condensate water (CD) system in an NPP. The process of the application up to the development of mitigation strategies is described in detail.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.2034-2046
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• 2023

Industrial control systems in nuclear facilities are facing increasing cyber threats due to the widespread use of information and communication equipment. To implement cyber security programs effectively through the RG 5.71, it is necessary to quantitatively assess cyber risks. However, this can be challenging due to limited historical data on threats and customized Critical Digital Assets (CDAs) in nuclear facilities. Previous works have focused on identifying data flows, the assets where the data is stored and processed, which means that the methods are heavily biased towards information security concerns. Additionally, in nuclear facilities, cyber threats need to be analyzed from a safety perspective. In this study, we use the system theoretic process analysis to identify system-level threat scenarios that could violate safety constraints. Instead of quantifying the likelihood of exploiting vulnerabilities, we quantify Security Control Measures (SCMs) against the identified threat scenarios. We classify the system and CDAs into four consequence-based classes, as presented in NEI 13-10, to analyze the adversary impact on CDAs. This allows for the ranking of identified threat scenarios according to the quantified SCMs. The proposed framework enables stakeholders to more effectively and accurately rank cyber risks, as well as establish security and response strategies.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.3826-3851
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• 2016

With traditional data storage solutions becoming too expensive and cumbersome to support Big Data processing, enterprises are now starting to outsource their data requirements to third parties, such as cloud service providers. However, this outsourced initiative introduces a number of security and privacy concerns. In this paper, homomorphic encryption is suggested as a mechanism to protect the confidentiality and privacy of outsourced data, while at the same time allowing third parties to perform computation on encrypted data. This paper also discusses the challenges of Big Data processing protection and highlights its differences from traditional data protection. Existing works on homomorphic encryption are technically reviewed and compared in terms of their encryption scheme, homomorphism classification, algorithm design, noise management, and security assumption. Finally, this paper discusses the current implementation, challenges, and future direction towards a practical homomorphic encryption scheme for securing outsourced Big Data computation.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.229-244
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• 1998

In this paper, we discussed various securities of electronic signature. Merchants or sellers must address all Internet security concerns. Security technology may secure the routes of Internet communication, but it does not protect consumers from people with whom they might choose to do business. To Protect consumer information, they must maintain physical security of their servers and control access to software passwords and private keys. Techniqaues such as secret and public-key encryption and digital signatures play a crucial role in developing consumer confidence in electronic commerce.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.562-566
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• 2011

As telecommunication technologies in telemedicine services are developed, the expeditious development of wireless and mobile networks has stimulated wide applications of mobile electronic healthcare systems. However, security is an essential system requirement since many patients have privacy concerns when it comes to releasing their personal information over the open wireless channels. Due to the invisible feature of mobile signals, hackers have easier access to hospital networks than wired network systems. This may result in several security incidents unless security protocols are well prepared. In this paper, we analyzed authentication and authorization procedures for healthcare system architecture to apply secure M-health systems in the hospital environment. From the analyses, we estimate optimal requirements as a countermeasure to its vulnerabilities.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.909-916
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• 2018

Cloud storage services have many advantages. As a result, the amount of data stored in the storage of the cloud service provider is increasing rapidly. This increase in demand forces cloud storage providers to apply deduplication technology for efficient use of storages. However, deduplication technology has inherent security and privacy concerns. Several schemes have been proposed to solve these problems, but there are still some vulnerabilities to well-known attacks on deduplication techniques. In this paper, we examine some of the existing schemes and analyze their security weaknesses.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.348-352
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• 2008

In distributed computing paradigm, mobile surrogate systems migrates from on host in a network to another. However, Mobile surrogate system have not gained wide acceptance because of security concerns that have not been suitably addressed yet. In this paper, we propose a security framework based on Grid Proxy Gateway for mobile Grid service. The current Grid Security Infrastructure is extended to mobile computing environments. The surrogate host system designed for mobile Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) users can access the certified host and get his proxy credential to launch remote job submission securely.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.63-64
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• 2008

The mobile RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a new application to use mobile phone as RFID reader with a wireless technology and provides new valuable services to user by integrating RFID and ubiquitous sensor network infrastructure with mobile communication and wireless internet. However, there are an increasing number of concerns, and even some resistances, related to consumer tracking and profiling using RFID technology. Therefore, in this paper, we describe the security analysis and implementation leveraging globally networked mobile RFID services which complies with the Korea's mobile RFID forum standard.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.7-14
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• 2002

The economic dispatch is one of the major concerns in case of buying and selling generated powers between electric powers companies. This paper describes the power system security the optimal power flow, and the security-constrained economic dispatch and shows the EDSA\`s active optimal power flow software package is well suited through a simple case study.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2013

Cloud computing is a currently developing revolution in information technology that is disturbing the way that individuals and corporate entities operate while enabling new distributed services that have not existed before. At the foundation of cloud computing is the broader concept of converged infrastructure and shared services. Security is often said to be a major concern of users considering migration to cloud computing. This article examines some of these security concerns and surveys recent research efforts in cryptography to provide new technical mechanisms suitable for the new scenarios of cloud computing. We consider techniques such as homomorphic encryption, searchable encryption, proofs of storage, and proofs of location. These techniques allow cloud computing users to benefit from cloud server processing capabilities while keeping their data encrypted; and to check independently the integrity and location of their data. Overall we are interested in how users may be able to maintain and verify their own security without having to rely on the trust of the cloud provider.