• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권19호
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• pp.8345-8349
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• 2014

Background: Cancer is an increasing cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Incidences of common cancers has been growing in different provinces of Iran in recent years but trends in Khuzestan which shares a border with Iraq and is located in south west of Iran have not been investigated. This study aimed to assess secular changes in incidences of common cancers in Khuzestan province from 2004 to 2008. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from Khuzestan cancer registry which is a branch of Iranian Ministry of Health Cancer Registry (http://ircancer.ir) for the period 2004-2008. Data were presented as incidence rates by site, sex, age, using the crude rate and age-standardized rate (ASR) per $10^5$ persons. A direct method of standardization was applied according to the WHO guideline and data analysis was performed using the SPSS package. Results: During the 2004-2008 period, 14,893 new cases of cancer were registered in Khuzestan cancer registry. The age-standardized incidence rate of all cancers was 153.7 per $10^5$ in males and 156.4 per $10^5$ in females. The incidence was increased over the period of five years. The most incident cancers among males were skin cancer ($ASR=18.7/10^5$), stomach cancer ($ASR13.8/10^5$), lung cancer ($ASR12.9/10^5$), leukemia ($ASR=12.6/10^5$) and prostate cancer ($ASR=12.4/10^5$). In females, the most incident cancers were breast cancer ($ASR=41/10^5$), skin cancer ($ASR=16.4/10^5$), colorectal cancer ($ASR=10.0/10^5$), leukemia ($ASR=8.1/10^5$) and lung cancer ($ASR=6.9/10^5$). Conclusions: Incidences of various cancers are rising in Khuzestan. It is necessary to develop and implement comprehensive cancer control programs in this region which could be monitored and evaluated by the future trend data from Khuzestan cancer registry.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.337-354
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the various sizing systems and specified anthropometric data as well as the fit issues used today. Background: A standard sizing system for clothes is a system that is developed based on body shape and size classifications method. To develop an efficient sizing system, we have to classify the database from the majority of the samples. Method: The method of this paper deals with the secular trend of height spanning from 1997 to 2010 along with the morphological feature patterns for Koreans. It also investigates the comparison of the growth pattern between male and female and the body shape classification according to the drop values based on the anthropometric data samples of KATS taken from the 2010 surveys in order to develop and define the new guidelines for the size designation systems of clothes. Results: The results are classified with body size and shape categories according to the drop values by age and sex in order to develop the new guidelines for the size designation systems based on these body dimensions from the analyzed anthropometric database. Conclusion: These new guidelines for the size designation system will eliminate the confusion that currently exists among countries and individual apparel designers. Application: The adopted standards could be used to compare the sizing systems worldwide.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.630-637
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the secular changes in indoor airborne dust or endotoxin levels in the dust from swine confinement buildings. Indoor levels were compared with the level at the exhaust outlet in order to examine the contribution potential of indoor dust to nearby ambient air dust. Methods: Comparisons were made on inhalable and respirable dust levels reported in 2002, 2012, and 2017 from 14, 10, and 36 swine fattening confinement buildings in Korea, respectively. This data was produced by the same research group. Levels of endotoxin adsorbed into inhalable or respirable dust were also compared. Samples of inhalable or respirable dust were collected indoors and at exhaust outlets from 17 swine fattening confinement buildings in 2019, and dust levels were compared between the indoor and the outlet. Results: The outlet inhalable dust level (0.111 mg/㎥) was approximately 19% of that from indoors, and the respirable dust level (0.033 mg/㎥) was approximately 74% of that from indoors. The outlet respirable dust levels were lower than the airborne fine dust levels in the towns where those farms are located. No significant difference was observed in the inhalable dust levels among the years examined, but the respirable dust level in 2017 (0.143 mg/㎥) was significantly lower than in 2002 (0.328 mg/㎥). The level of endotoxin in inhalable dust was significantly higher in 2017 (722 EU/㎥) than in both 2002 (75 EU/㎥) and 2012 (171 EU/㎥). Conclusion: Even though no apparent contribution from swine farm indoor dust to nearby ambient air dust was observed in terms of amount, a certain control strategy to reduce the production of airborne dust and endotoxin from swine farms is merited.

• 한국인구학
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.115-168
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• 1995

한국경제의 장기적 발전은 총투자의 지속적 증가와 이를 가능케 해줄 국민저축의 착실한 증가에 크게 의존한다고 보겠다. 이러한 국민저축 중에서도 가계저축은 우리나라의 투자재원 조달에 가장 중요한 역할을 담당할 것으로 기대되고 있다. 본고는 가계저축의 결정요인을 찾아내기 위하여 우리나라 가계소비율의 결정요인을 살펴본 다음에 이를 이용하여 간접적으로 가계저축의 결정요인을 원용하였다. 이와 같이 가계소비율의 추정을 통하여 가계저축율을 추정하고자 한 이유는 일반적으로 소비함수는 안정적인 성향을 가진 반면 저축함수는 불안정적인 성향이 강하기 때문이다. 가계소비율 추정을 위해서는 우리나라의 도시가계조사 및 농가경제 조사자료를 기초자료로 이용하였는 바, 가계소비율에 대한 회귀분석의 결과를 요약하면, 첫째로 가계소득의 증가와 취업가구원수의 증가는 가계소비율을 낮추는 방향으로 작용하고 있는 반면, 둘째로 가구주의 연령, 교육수준, 가구원수의 증가는 가계소비율을 저하시키는 경향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2000년대의 우리나라는 소득의 괄목할 만한 증가, 여성의 노동시장 참가율 제고로 인한 취업가구원수의 증가 및 핵가족화의 영향으로 인한 평균 가구원수의 감소로 가계소비율의 저하가 예상되는 반면에, 인구의 노령화에 기인한 가구주의 평균연령의 상승, 교육수준의 향상에 따른 가계소비율의 상승이 예상되지만, 총체적으로는 가계소비율의 감소를 통한 가계 저축율의 착실한 증가가 있을 것으로 예측되므로 한국경제의 장기적 발전을 위한 투자재원의 조달에는 큰 어려움이 없을 것으로 전망된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권22호
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• pp.9899-9903
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• 2014

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an uncommon disease in most countries but occurs with much greater frequency in southern China. This study aimed to examine the secular trends of NPC in urban Guangzhou over the time period of 2000-2011 using data from the Guangzhou Cancer Registry. Age-adjusted annual incidence rates of NPC were calculated by the direct method using the WHO World Standard Population (1960) as the reference. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) was used as an estimate of the trend. A total of 7,532 new cases of NPC and 3,449 related deaths were registered. In both genders, the peak incidence occurred in the 50- to 59-year age group, and this age distribution pattern remained similar throughout. The AAPC in NPC incidence rates was -3.26% (95% CI: -5.4%--1.1) for males and -5.74% (95% CI: -8.9%--2.5) for females, resulting in a total decrease of 39.3% (from 22.14 to 13.44 per 100,000 population) for males and 48.6% (from 10.1 to 5.18 per 100,000 population) for females over this 12-year period. The AAPCs in NPC mortality rates were -4.62% (95%CI: -3.5%--5.7) for males and -6.75% (95% CI: -5.2%--8.3) for females, resulting in a total decrease of -46.1% (from 12.1 to 6.54 per 100,000 population) for males and 51.7% (from 4.14 to 2.00 per 100,000 population) for females. The age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates of NPC declined during 2000-2011 in urban Guangzhou but remained high. Future efforts to improve prevention, early detection and treatment strategies are needed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8589-8594
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• 2016

Background: Liver cancer is one of the most common causes of death in the world. In Korea, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major risk factor for liver cancer but infection rates have been declining since the implementation of the national vaccination program. In this study, we examined the secular trends in liver cancer mortality to distinguish the effects of age, time period, and birth cohort. Materials and Methods: Data for the annual number of liver cancer deaths in Korean adults (30 years and older) were obtained from the Korean Statistical Information Service for the period from 1984-2013. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to study the shapes of and to detect the changes in mortality trends. Also, an age-period-cohort model was designed to study the effect of each age, period, and birth cohort on liver cancer mortality. Results: For both men and women, the age-standardized mortality rate for liver cancer increased from 1984 to 1993 and decreased thereafter. The highest liver cancer mortality rate has shifted to an older age group in recent years. Within the same birth cohort group, the mortality rate of older age groups has been higher than in the younger age groups. Age-period-cohort analysis showed an association with a high mortality rate in the older age group and in recent years, whereas a decreasing mortality rate were observed in the younger birth cohort. Conclusions: This study confirmed a decreasing trend in liver cancer mortality among Korean men and women after 1993. The trends in mortality rate may be mainly attributed to cohort effects.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.383-391
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• 2010

The present study evaluated a preliminary control room (CR) design of radioactive waste facility using the $JACK^{(R)}$ human simulation system. Four digital humanoids ($5^{th}$, $50^{th}$, $95^{th}$, and $99^{th}$ percentiles) were used in the ergonomic evaluation. The first three were selected to represent 90% of the target population (Korean males aged 20 to 50 years) and the last to reflect the secular trend of stature for next 20 years in South Korea. The preliminary CR design was assessed by checking its compliance to ergonomic guidelines specified in NUREG-0700 and conducting an in-depth ergonomic analysis with a digital prototype of the CR design and the digital humanoids in terms of postural comfort, reachability, visibility, and clearance. For identified design problems, proper design changes and their validities were examined using JACK. A revised CR design suggested in the present study would contribute to effective and safe operations of the CR as well as operators' health in the workplace.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.158-168
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• 2014

Objectives: To identify and evaluate the trend of meal-skipping rates among Korean adolescents with their contributing causes and the influence of household income level on meal skipping. Methods: Using 2008, 2010, and 2012 data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey of 222 662 students, a cross-sectional study with subgroup analysis was performed. We calculated odds ratios for skipping each meal 5 or more times in a week by household socio-economic status using a multiple logistic regression model. The secular change in the meal-skipping rates by the students' family affluence scale was analyzed by comparing the meal-skipping students within each subgroup and odds ratios for the same event over time. Results: Through 2008 to 2012, most of the meal-skipping rates generally showed a continuous increase or were almost unchanged in both sexes, except for breakfast skipping in several subgroups. Students in low-income households not living with both parents had the highest meal-skipping rates and odds ratios for frequent meal skipping. In a time-series subgroup analysis, the overall odds ratios for the same event increased during 2008 to 2012, with a slight reduction in the gap between low and higher income levels with regard to meal skipping during 2010 to 2012. Conclusions: Household socio-economic status and several other factors had a significant influence on Korean adolescent meal-skipping rates. Although the gap in eating behavior associated with household socio-economic differences is currently decreasing, further study and appropriate interventions are needed.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.3-33
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• 2004

본 연구는 장기적으로 자본생산성이 하락하면서 성장률과 실질이자율이 하락하는 경제에서 인플레이션율이 부동산가격, 특히 주택의 매매가격과 전세가격의 격차에 어떠한 영향을 미칠 것인지에 대해 살펴보고 있다. 즉, 실질이자율이 하락할 경우 전세가격에 대비한 부동산의 매매가격은 상승하며, 따라서 자본생산성이 하락하면서 성장률 및 실질이자율이 하락할 경우에는, 통화당국이 동일한 수준의 인플레이션율을 유지한다고 하더라도 통상 인플레이션의 폐해로 거론되는 실물자산(부동산) 대비 금융자산(전세자금) 가치의 하락이라는 부작용이 확대될 수 있는 것으로 보인다. 이와 같은 이론적 논의는 자료추적이 가능한 1986년 이후 우리나라 주택의 매매 전세가격 비율의 변화추이를 설명하는 데에 기여할 수 있다. 즉, 1990년대 이후 전반적인 인플레이션율의 하향안정은 매매 전세가격 비율을 안정시키는 한 요인으로 작용해온 것으로 보이며, 최근 2001년 이후 나타난 매매 전세가격 비율의 상승은 인플레이션 기대의 확산보다는 실질이자율의 하락에 의하여 주도된 것으로 해석된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2001

Objectives : To evaluate the hypothesis that increasing ambient levels of ozone or particulate matter are associated with increased emergency room visits for asthma and to quantify the strength of association, if any, between these. Methods : Daily counts of emergency room visits for asthma, air quality, and weather data were collected from hospitals with over 200 beds and from monitoring Stations in Seoul, Korea from 1994 through 1997. Daily counts of emergency mom visits for asthma attack were analyzed using a general additive Poisson model, with adjustment for the effects of secular trend, seasonal variation, Sunday and holiday, temperature, and humidly, according to levels of ozone and particulate matter. Results : The association between daily counts of emergency room visits for asthma attack and ozone levels was statistically significant in summer(from June to August), and the RR by unit inclement of 100 ppb ozone was 1.30(95% CI = $1.11\sim1.52$) without lag time. With restriction of the period from April to September in 1996, the RR was 1.37(95% CI = $1.06\sim1.76$), and from June to August in 1995, the RR was 1.62(95% CI = $1.12\sim2.35$). In the data for children$(5\sim14yr)$, the RR was 2.57(95% CI = $1.31\sim5.05$) with restriction of the period from April to September in 1997. There was no Significant association between TSP levels and asthma attacks, but a slight association was seen between PM10 levels and asthma attacks in a very restricted period. Conclusion : There was a statistically significant association between ambient levels of ozone and daily counts of emergency room visits for asthma attack. Therefore, we must make efforts to effectively minimize air pollution, in order to protect public health.