• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.20 no.10
• /
• pp.1490-1497
• /
• 2010

The present study aimed to investigate the level of accumulated heavy metal in various tissues of Carassius auratus after exposure to Cadmium (Cd), histologically and physiologically. After treating C. auratus with Cd, the accumulated Cd in gill tissues was detected to be of the highest content, and showed the lowest content in integument tissues. Also, Cd content increased in a time dependent manner and showed the highest accumulation in the tissues exposed for 20 days. Antioxidant enzyme activities showedhigher activity in the gill and integument than in the kidney and liver tissues. In the case of SOD, antioxidation activity of SOD in all Cd exposed tissues was higher than in unexposed tissues. The activities of SOD and CAT also became higher after Cd exposure. Gill tissues exposed to Cd showed an increased number of mucous cells between lamella in a time dependent manner. In addition, the gills showed morphological changes such as edema, exfoliation of epithelial cells, and fusion of the secondary lamellae. Also, exposure to Cd for 20 days had an effect on gill tissues, causing membrane damage in the mitochondria and nucleus. In kidney tissues, atrophied glomerulus was observed, and the empty space in Bowman's capsule was wider.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.326-335
• /
• 1986

In cold water irrigation, some growth and yield were decreased by heavy application of nitrogen but in-creased by heavy application of phosphate, potassium and silicate. Among growth characters, number of spikelets per panicle and grain filling ratio were affected significantly. Cold damage in number of spikelets, spikelet sterility and degeneration of spikelet and branch could be reduced by increasing application amount of phosphate, potassium and in particular silicate. Number of spikelets per branch was closely related with number of spikelets per secondary branches. Number of abortive grains and immature grains had negative correlations with yield and could be reduced by heavy application of phosphate, potassium and silicate. Heavy nitrogen application led to high total nitrogen content and restrained the uptake of phosphate, potassium and silicate. However, adverse results were showed by heavy application of phosphate, potassium and silicate. Inorganic element contents in branches were lower than those in leaf blades, but higher than those in chaff. Branches showed little differences in inorganic element contents between heading stage and maturing stage. Inorganic element contents in branches were considered to be influenced by those in leaf blades and to affect those in chaff. Some growth characters related to source and sink, such as degeneration of branches and spike-lets, sterility ratio, ripening ratio, and yield had closer relationship with nutrient contents in branches than those in leaf blades and chaff. The results demonstrated that the rachis branch not only was a transport pathway of nutrient but also would play an important role in accumulating substances in panicles.

• Information Systems Review
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.141-169
• /
• 2015

Electronic financial accidents are constantly happening and these accidents are taking place by a combination of several causes such as technique, human, and structure. Among electronic financial accidents, personal information disclosure is most frequently happening and becomes big problems, because secondary damage like voice phishing causes great loss to society. This research model is that financial information security compliance affects the crisis response of financial institutions and financial authorities and these crisis responses affect financial information security trust. Research target is people who experienced the disclosure of their own financial information. For empirical verification, survey questionnaires were distributed and total 103 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. As results of data analysis, all hypotheses were accepted. First, financial information security compliance influenced the crisis response of financial institutions and authorities. Second, the crisis response of financial institutions and authorities affect financial information security trust. Third, at the moderating effect analysis, the importance of personal financial information moderated the effect of the crisis response of financial institutions on financial information security trust. And the disclosure level of personal financial information moderated the effect of the crisis response of financial authorities on financial information security trust.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.79-90
• /
• 2018

Objectives : In present, various definitions of Zhongshu are being used interchangeably in Korea. The paper attempted to discover the disease of Zhongshu as studied by Lidongyuan, who was ahead of his time. Methods : A database of medical books has been studied to find Lidongyuan's writings on the disease of Zhongshu, and mentions about Li's works in past medical books. The paper contemplated the subject by defining the disease of Zhongshu and reviewing the disputes related to the subject. Results & Conclusions : Lidongyuan gave a detailed explanation on the fact that Zhangjiegu distinguished between Zhongshu and Zhongre, and this was influenced by Shangshu as mentioned in Taipinghuiminhejijufang. Therefore, it can be deduced that he was aware of the fact that summerheat-heat as latent summer heat syndrome is lurking inside the body, not being able to be released. According to the disease of Zhongshu by Lidongyuan, yin cold was receieved secondary after first receiving summerheat-heat. It is either summerheat damaged defensive qi, failure in storing the essence made defensive qi weak, or seasonal reasons have caused the defensive qi to be drained and leave the body exposed to damage by summerheat. This is because the fundamental main cause is the hitting of summerheat, since yin cold was received after the presence of summerheat-heat is made first. Many doctors in the following generation criticized that Lidongyuan's disease of Zhongshu cannot be named as a Zhongshu due to its similarity with Shanghan. However, they cannot be viewed as similar since it is a phenomenon where yin cold becomes congested while the body is weak and heat is generated in the body due to summerheat-heat. The doctors who said they were similar only focused on the external cause that was only the superficial issue. According to Lidongyuan's method, the right way to treat a Zhongshu disease is to use the method of tonifying the qi and eliminating the heat in conjunction with eliminating the internal dampness or treat the external syndrome, or to use a formula to tonify the qi and eliminate the fire heat before eliminating the internal dampness or treating the external syndrome.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.51 no.6
• /
• pp.515-521
• /
• 2018

Seawater intrusion areas were calculated in Yeosu region considering sea level rise and the effects of countermeasures for seawater intrusion were analyzed using SEAWAT program. The estimated seawater intrusion area was $14.90km^2$ in 2015. When we applied climate change scenarios the area was changed to $19.19km^2$ for RCP 4.5 and $20.43km^2$ for RCP 8.5 respectively. The mitigation effects by artificial recharge with total $50m^3/d$, $100m^3/d$, and $300m^3/d$ are from 3.75% to 10.68% for RCP 4.5, and from 5.82% to 10.77% for RCP 8.5 respectively. If we install barrier wall with the thickness 0.8 m, 1.3 m, and 1.8 m, the mitigation effects are from 6.67% to 12.04% for RCP 4.5, and from 6.17% to 14.98% for RCP 8.5 respectively. The results of this study can be used to be a logical means of quantitative grounds for policy decisions to prevent groundwater contamination by seawater intrusion and subsequent secondary damage in coastal areas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.88 no.4
• /
• pp.533-540
• /
• 1999

We observed that the thick outer bark layer of Quercus variabilis hindered oak longicorn beetle (Moechotypa diphysis) from laying its eggs in inner bark (secondary phloem tissues). The outer bark thickness of Q. variabilis was average of 7.4mm, while those of Q. mongolica. Q. serrata and Q. acutissima were average of 1.1mm, 1.3mm and 2.0mm, respectively. Inner bark thickness was 4.8mm in Q. acutissima and 3.6-3.9mm in the other oak species. The outer shape of ovipositional holes on the bark by the longicorn beetle was $8-12mm{\times}6-8mm$ wide oval in Q. variabilis, whereas $5-9mm{\times}1-5mm$ narrow fusiform in the other oak species. Oak longicorn beetle drilled average of three ovipositional holes per a 1.2m-long log in a few Q. variabilis logs and its ovipositional rate was 15%. Compared to this, the longicorn beetle preferred Q. mongolica. All the 32 investigated logs of this oak species were drilled to have 20 ovipositional holes per a log and ovipositional rate was 56%. One third of the eggs laid already hatched in early June to damage the inner bark. It seems that oak longicorn beetle prefers oak species with smooth, thin and stable outer bark surface.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 2020

A Cut Out Switch (COS) is used for line protection and pole transformer protection in power systems. The COS used to protect the pole transformer is installed on the power side of the pole transformer to protect the electric equipment from fault currents. The COS is composed largely of a body and a fuse holder, and when the fault current is energized, the element of the fuse link in the fuse holder is melted to block the fault current. The arc generated when the COS fuse link is blown causes fire and noise, causing discomfort to residents in the surrounding area, and the arc flame can cause secondary damage to the peripheral device. In this study, a current-limiting COS fuse with improved overcurrent blocking performance rather than explosion type was developed to solve the arc and noise problems during COS operation. The overcurrent breaking performance of the current-limiting COS improves the reliability by developing a striker and COS fuse bracket. In addition, this study aimed to verify the performance of the developed current-limiting COS fuse through a test at an authorized institution.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.103-109
• /
• 2014

This study aimed to develop materials to compensate for problems of restoration for lost parts and material problems in the conservation treatment. First, there are several problems with existing materials as follows: secondary damage due to the high shrinkage rate and low adhesive strength, sense of difference due to the severe yellowing, remelting due to irreversibility of materials, processability due to the high strength, sag due to the prolonged setting time in the work process and surface contamination of artifacts due to tools or gloves. In order to solve these problems, this study set developmental goals after understanding the types and physical properties based on epoxy resin among the currently used restoration materials of pottery and earthenware. The developed epoxy resin is epoxy putty, which is cured within 5 minutes, for earthenware restoration. In the earthenware restoration method, the epoxy putty enhanced the workability by quickly curing in paste form and compensated disadvantages such as surface contamination. In addition, the use of white micro-balloon for the epoxy stock solution made coloring easier and weight lighter, and a restoration material with low shrinkage and superior processability was developed.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 2012

The Government is implementing the safety measures for pedestrian in living zone to decrease the traffic accident casualties in half. It is urgently to study the guideline because it contains to make the guideline of a median strip in City to prevent the violation of central line and jaywalking on the main contents. So, this study analyzed the pedestrian accidents and the violation of central line, and studied the type of a median strip, the installation guideline through studying the minimum crossing. Consequently, this study found out that a median strip which revised the attention inducement stick to decrease jaywalking could not have the strong prevention function of a crash barrier, so if it happens separation after the collision between vehicles, it induced the secondary accidents, and could take negative effects on traffic safety. In consideration of driving safety, this study analyzed that if it installs a median stirp, it has to ensure one meter, and such a thing could prevent the separation of lane or damage of facilities. However, if it is hard to ensure the space because of narrow road width, it could install a median strip in case of installing the road surface mark 0.5m. And the installation of the attention inducement stick or a median strip on the central line could be possible to induce the violation of central line, thus it is desirable not to install only anythings but also raised pavement markers.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 1995

Neodiplostomum seoulensis, one of the human intestinal trematodes , was reinfected to albino rats, and worm recovery rates, histopathology and activity changes of the intestinal brush border membrane bound enzymes were observed. The experimental groups were three: uninfected, primary infection and reinfection. The worm recovery rate in the reinfection group was much lower than in the primary infection group 14 days after infection. The duodenal histopathology showed villous atrophy during the first and second week in the primary infection group. In the reinfection group, however. villous changes occurred as early as 3 days after the infection, and the lesion was found healed 7 days after infection. The activities of alkaline phosphatase and sucrase in the duodenum of primary infection rats decreased nearly half of the controls 2 weeks after infection, whereas the activities were unchanged in the reinfection group. However, no changes in the activities were observed in the proximal jejunum between the experimental groups. These findings suggested that a secondary infection of N. seouLensis in rats should make less damage on the intestinal mucosa than a primary infection. Key words: Neoniplostomum seoulensis, albino rats, reinfection, worm recovery, histopathology, brush border membrane bound enxyines.