• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.404-411
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• 2010

Authors conducted a deduction and characteristic calculation of the some parameters using a magnetic equivalent circuit method to verify a basic design result of a rotary-typed small-scaled linear induction motor for a railway transit. In a LIM, it is possible to express the parameters of the magnetic equivalent circuit into a function of the shape of the secondary aluminium plate and the airgap between the LIM primary core and the secondary aluminium plate. It means that the LIM properties can be changed considerably by the shape of the secondary aluminium plate and the airgap between the LIM primary core and the secondary aluminium plate. So, authors analyzed a tendency of changes of the magnetic equivalent circuit parameters and the LIM characteristics by changing of the airgap, the thickness of the secondary aluminium plate and the overhang length and shape of a rotary-typed small-scaled LIM, and accomplished a basic research to develop a real-scaled LIM for a railway transit.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.113-128
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• 1990

This study was designed to identify the problems in teaching housing course at secondary level. The main tasks of Investigation were to: (1) identify appropriate housing concepts to be taught at secondary school, (2) determine the Kinds of media and methods used for teaching housing course at secondary school. The questionnaire was divided Into three sections: (1) the teacher`s background, (2) the teacher`s opinion regarding the importance of various housing topics to teaching. (3) what type of media and methods were used by teachers. Data were collected In Pusan during November 1959. The Sample, 150Home Economics teacher was randomly selected from secondary school list in Pusan. Responses from 122 Home Economics teachers, were processed by the S.P.S.S. computer program. and N.P.E.R.C using for frequency counts and percentages to analyze the data from all three sections of questionnaire. One-way Analysis of Variance and Newman-kuels Multiple Comparison test were used to reject or accept the hypotheses. The major findings were: (1) there were some difference between teachers` opinions regarding the importance of various housing topics to teach and teachers actural practice of teaching housing concepts and topics, (2) teachers taught housing concepts which were important to teach by their opinion, even though those concepts were neglected in textbook, (3) teachers did not use a various of media and methods for their teaching housing class, (4) the important reasons given why the teachers for not using the various media and methods were because of undesirable educational situations, and (5) there were some significant differences between teachers` background and teachers` opinion regarding importance of teaching topics in housing class at secondary school, using media and methods.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.131-140
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• 2005

To investigate secondary carbonaceous species within PM$_{10}$ and PM$_{2.5}$ in Seoul urban Metropolitan Area (SMA), Korea. atmospheric particulate matters samples were collected at two sites of SMA at UOS (The University Of Seoul station) sites and IHU (InHa University of Incheon station) during the period of 4 to 14 January and 12 to 22 May, 11 to 15 August 2004, and their characteristics were qualitatively discussed. during January and May and August of 2004. Daily average mass concentration 0.095 mg/㎥ in PM$_{10}$ and 0.053 mg/㎥ in PM$_{2.5}$ for mass respectively. were observed in SMA. The concentrations of carbonaceous species contributed 18.4% and 16.4% of PM$_{2.5}$ and PM$_{10}$ during the sampling period, respectively, of which OC accounted for 68% and 52% more of the total carbon (TC). OC and EC concentrations and their mass percentages were higher in PM$_{2.5}$ than in PM$_{10}$ which could be attributed to generation process. Organic aerosols would constitute up to 38% of PM$_{2.5}$ based on the evaluation of 1.6 for the ratio of OC to organic particulate. Secondary organic carbon (SOC) were estimated to be more than 13% and up to 68% of total OC based on the minimum OC/EC ratio of 1.06/1.11 using least square method. Comparisons of OC and EC with trace elements. As results of carbonaceous species analysis, the dominant factor in view of fine particle (PM$_{10}$/PM$_{2.5}$) is primary emission source such as mobile, fossil fuel combustion etc. during winter time in SMA. But in summer periods, remarkable fine particle increasing factor was secondary organic carbon dependent to photochemical reaction. reaction.n. reaction.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.67-94
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• 2013

This exploratory research explores the concept of a digital legacy as a general concept and as a collection of digital possessions with unique characteristics. The results reported in this article are part of a larger study. In Cushing (2013), the author identified the characteristics of a digital possession. In this study, these characteristics of a digital possession were utilized to explore how the characteristics of several digital possessions could form a collection, or a digital legacy. In addition to being explored as a collection of digital possessions, data was collected about the general concept of a digital legacy. In part I of the study, 23 participants from three age groups were interviewed about their general concept of a digital legacy. Five general characteristics describing a digital legacy were identified. In part II of the study, interview data from Cushing (2013) was used to create statements describing digital possessions. The statements were classified utilizing the archival concept of primary and secondary values, as well as the consumer behavior concepts of self extension to possessions and possession attachment. Primary value refers to the purpose for which the item was created, while secondary value refers to an additional value that the participants can perceive the item to hold, such as a perception that an item can represent one's identity. Using standard Q method procedure, 48 participants were directed to rank their agreement with 60 statements (written on cards), along a distribution of -5 to +5, according to the characteristics of the digital possession they would most like to maintain for a digital legacy. The ranked statements were analyzed using Q factor analysis, in order to perceive the most common statements associated with maintaining digital possessions for a digital legacy. Q method results suggested that most individuals described the digital possessions they wanted to maintain for a digital legacy using various combinations of characteristics associated with primary and secondary values. This suggests that while some participants will respond to personal archiving based on the concept of preserving identity (a perceived secondary value), this will not appeal to everyone. Information professional could consider this difference in appeal when marketing personal archiving assistance to patrons.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.315-329
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• 2010

Characteristics of thermophilic bacteria and secondary materials on the pyrrhotite surface were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermophilic bacteria from an acid hot spring in Japan were incubated with pyrrhotite at $42^{\circ}C$, $52^{\circ}C$, and $62^{\circ}C$ respectively. SEM analysis of the reacted pyrrhotite showed that indigenous rod-shaped bacteria ranging from $0.4{\times}1.5{\mu}m$ to $0.3{\times}11.9{\mu}m$ in size were attached to the pyrrhotite surface at these temperatures with formation of secondary materials. Extracellular polymer substances were formed on the bacterial surface. We suggest that these polymers functioned as a capsule protecting bacteria from the extreme environment. Secondary materials such as elemental sulfur, Fe-hydroxide, S-Fe and O-P-Fe compounds were found on the pyrrhotite surface.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.171-180
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• 2017

This study was executed to verify the effects of individual and environmental characteristics of secondary-school teachers on teacher efficacy and job satisfaction. To do so, a survey of teacher efficacy and job satisfaction was conducted to 696 man and woman teachers from 55 secondary schools in Gwangju and Jeonnam province, and then the results of the survey were analyzed. In this study, teacher efficacy was composed as four factors: sense of calling, teaching-learning, colleague relation and school organization. And job satisfaction was categorized as three factors: job relation, compensation system and working environment. The Multivariate analysis results showed a significant difference in teacher efficacy and job satisfaction according to teachers' individual characteristics and working environment. Conclusively, teacher efficacy and job satisfaction are complicated factors formed by teachers' individual and environmental characteristics. To improve secondary-school teachers' teacher efficacy and job satisfaction, it is necessary to develop training and education programs reflecting individual and environmental characteristics.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.213-221
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• 1996

In order to develop a suitable secondary renal disease model and diagnostic markers of renal disease in the rat, the change of PIIIP (aminoterminal procollagen III peptide) in serum and hydroxyproline levels in the renal tissue that reflect the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) during development of experimental renal diseases were observed. Two types of experimental primary diseases, diabetes mellitus administrated by streptozotocin (STZ, 75 mg/kg, i.p.) and liver cirrhosis produced by bile duct ligation/scission (BDL/s) operation, were induced. The hydroxyproline level increased according to the high PIIIP and NCl(carboxyterminal procollagen IV peptide) in Western blot analysis as early as 1 week in the STZ treated-rat kidney. Increased renal ECM was observed at 15 weeks in STZ and BDL/s model under the microscopic examination. High PAS positive reaction was found in capillary basement membrane in STZ treated-rats and mesangium in BDL/s operated rats at this time, showing the histological characteristics of diabetic nephropathy and cirrhotic glomerulonephritis in human, respectively. Such secondary renal failure were supported by additional tests including urinalysis and renal function test. The serum PIIIP detected by ELISA was a useful parameter to estimate synthesis rate of renal ECM during development of renal disease without extrarenal fibrosis i.e. liver cirrhosis in rats. This study is proposed that STZ treatment or BDL/s operation may be a suitable experimental animal model for the induction and development of chronic secondary renal diseases. Morover, it was found that hydroxyproline level in renal tissues was a good parameter of the change of renal ECM at the early stage of the diseases without apparent histological changes. Especially, serum PIIIP could be a choice as a diagnostic or prognostic marker during the development of renal diseases in rats.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.8 no.2 s.23
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• pp.54-60
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• 2004

In this paper, the maximum von Mises stress and maximum displacement of the corner protection and secondary bottom structures have been analyzed using a finite element analysis technique. The design criterion of the comer protection is 1,500Pa for a normal nitrogen gas purging process at the beginning stage of start-up procedure. This pressure is very safe for the structure safety of the comer protection and secondary bottom plates. The corner protection and secondary bottom plates fabricated by $9\%$ nickel steel sheet may plastically be distorted and fractured for the increased gas pressure of 8,475Pa, which produces the maximum von Mises stress of 833MPa and maximum displacement of 1.9m at the center of secondary bottom plate.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.1144-1154
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• 2019

There have been several studies regarding lichen-associated bacteria obtained from diverse environments. Our screening process identified 49 bacterial species in two lichens from the Himalayas: 17 species of Actinobacteria, 19 species of Firmicutes, and 13 species of Proteobacteria. We discovered five types of strong antimicrobial agent-producing bacteria. Although some strains exhibited weak antimicrobial activity, NP088, NP131, NP132, NP134, and NP160 exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against all multidrug-resistant strains. Polyketide synthase (PKS) fingerprinting revealed results for 69 of 148 strains; these had similar genes, such as fatty acid-related PKS, adenylation domain genes, PfaA, and PksD. Although the association between antimicrobial activity and the PKS fingerprinting results is poorly resolved, NP160 had six types of PKS fingerprinting genes, as well as strong antimicrobial activity. Therefore, we sequenced the draft genome of strain NP160, and predicted its secondary metabolism using antiSMASH version 4.2. NP160 had 46 clusters and was predicted to produce similar secondary metabolites with similarities of 5-100%. Although NP160 had 100% similarity with the alkylresorcinol biosynthetic gene cluster, our results showed low similarity with existing members of this biosynthetic gene cluster, and most have not yet been revealed. In conclusion, we expect that lichen-associated bacteria from the Himalayas can produce new secondary metabolites, and we found several secondary metabolite-related biosynthetic gene clusters to support this hypothesis.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.227-236
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• 2021

This study aims to develop an AI education program for secondary school students to help understand AI and to provide an experience of solving real-life problems by using AI, and to analyze the effectiveness of education. The education program based on the AI education system for K-12 developed in the previous study was composed of a total of 12 lessons by selecting the self-driving cars, which is emerging as a recent issue among real life problems, as the main topic. Classes were conducted for secondary school students who had experience in software education, and the effectiveness of education and class satisfaction were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the understanding of AI and the sense of AI efficacy were improved, and the class satisfaction was high in all items such as educational content, fun in class, difficulty of class, and interest in AI. Based on these results, implications for AI education for secondary students were proposed.