• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.81-97
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• 2024

The study investigated computer literacy skills as a determinant of electronic reference sources utilization among selected secondary school students in Ado-Odo Ota Local Government, Ogun State, Nigeria. Four specific objectives with conforming research questions guided the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprises of SSS3 students of the three selected Community Secondary Schools in Ado Odo Ota. A sample size of 150 was used for the study. The instrument for data collection was a self-developed structured questionnaire. Data collected was analyzed using frequency and percentages. Findings of the study revealed that majority of secondary school students were not aware of the availability of electronic reference sources. It also revealed that the level of their computer literacy skills was below average. Majority of them have never used computer before and the few of them that have used computer before used it in their homes, their friend's homes or in the cyber café. It was found that lack of formal training on the use of electronic reference sources, lack of access to computer, lack of awareness of availability of electronic reference sources, lack of funds for internet subscriptions, over dependency on printed reference sources and lack of motivation to use electronic reference sources were the major hindrances to the use of electronic reference sources among secondary school students. It was recommended that the school librarians and teachers should play a role in creating awareness among secondary school students about the availability of online/ electronic reference sources among others.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.187-197
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• 1993

On the premise that it is effective and necessary to make use of science magazines among any other media, the desirable direction of science magazines and, further more and the merits of magazines to promote the development of good science magazines are suggested. To see the present status of science magazines in Korea, we analyzed the public view on the science magazines by secondary school students and science teachers. We also assorted and analyzed the contents through the subjects of the issues of three major magazines published in 1991. Through the interview with the editor staffs of each magazine, the characteristics of each magazine and the editers' hopes to present the direction in the future were analyzed. As a result, the basic conditions which science magazines should equip and the required conditions to apply the basic conditions to make them better were suggested.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.29-45
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• 2006

The IT(Information Technology) is very important growth power in the knowledge information based society. But there is nothing an educational program or system for putting the computer science education in the primary and secondary school into practice. We can talk this problem because of the national curriculum. This existing state brings to a conclusion not only to the political and administrative support but also to the national curriculum. These internal problems are two. First problem is the content in the computer textbook. And second problem is the connection between the computer science education curriculum of university and that of primary and secondary school. This study analyzed the relation about it. And this study suggested the ideal method for connecting those of them. Finally, the results of this study are two. First result is the necessary to reconstruct the domain knowledge of the computer based on the computer science for getting the identity. And second result is necessary to connect between the domain knowledge of the computer based on the computer science identity of university and that of primary and secondary school.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.6 no.10
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• pp.2455-2472
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• 2012

Although underlay spectrum sharing has been shown as a promising technique to promote the spectrum utilization in cognitive radio networks (CRNs), it may suffer bad secondary performance due to the strict power constraints imposed at secondary systems and the interference from primary systems. In this paper, we propose a two-phase based cooperative transmission protocol with the interference cancellation (IC) and best-relay selection to improve the secondary performance in underlay models under stringent power constraints while ensuring the primary quality-of-service (QoS). In the proposed protocol, IC is employed at both the secondary relays and the secondary destination, where the IC-based best-relay selection and cooperative relaying schemes are well developed to reduce the interference from primary systems. The closed-form expression of secondary outage probability is derived for the proposed protocol over Rayleigh fading channels. Simulation results show that, with a guaranteed primary outage probability, the proposed protocol can achieve not only lower secondary outage probability but also higher secondary diversity order than the traditional underlay case.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.589-596
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• 2014

This study was designed to investigate the using status and awareness of pit and fissure sealant, and how it affects on secondary caries when performed on above of initial caries. After classifying 446 occlusal surface into four groups, performed pit and fissure sealant, induced artificial caries, used DIAGNOdent (Kavo) to measure degree of secondary caries. Also, distributed a questionnaire on dental clinic in metropolitan area to find out using status and awareness of pit and fissure sealant, the following results were obtained. 1) On inspection and percussion, Group 4 corresponding to the enamel caries showed the highest secondary caries after sealant and was statistically significant difference in the order of initial group, stained group, sound group (p<0.05). 2) Inspection showed the highest percentage on tooth fissure caries diagnostic methods before sealant. 3) 56.6% didn't know about DIAGNOdent, 91.6% didn't have it. 4) In clinically, the most cause of secondary caries after sealant was a broken sealant, making caries on the downward. Based on the results of above study, degree of caries under sealant could affect on secondary caries, needs publicity about the use and necessity of objective fluorescence device.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.9-15
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• 2007

A comparative study of the structure and organization of the primary and secondary walls in different types of tropical plant waste fibers was carried out using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thickness of each layer was also measured using Image Analyzer. TEM micrographs haveconfirmed that cell wall structure of all six types of tropical plant waste fibers (empty fruit bunch, oil palm frond, oil palm trunk, coir, banana stem and pineapple leaf) has the same ultrastructure with wood fibre. The fibers consisted of middle lamella, primary and thick secondary wall with different thickness for different types of fibers. The secondary wall was differentiated into a $S_1$ layer, a unique multi-lamellae $S_2$ layer, and $S_3$ layer.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to identify the preferable learning strategies in science learning and to find out the relationship between these strategies and scientific achievement of students in the secondary school. The learning strategies were tested with two categories, self-focused and work-focused learning. The four types of learning strategies in science learning were analyzed, and they were named to organization, monitoring, elaboration and memorization strategies, which were defined by GSSS test. In the self-focused learning, the organization and monitoring strategies were preferred to the elaboration and memorization strategies. Middle school students had a preference for memorization strategy (p=0.000), whereas high school students had a preference for monitoring strategy (p=0.015). In the case of organization strategy, female groups were preferable to male groups (p=0.027). In the second form of learning types, work-focused learning, the memorization strategy was the same preference as organization and monitoring strategies in the secondary school students, especially the male groups of high school students. The preference of elaboration strategy was relative lower compared with that of self-focused learning type. Middle school students had a preference for monitoring strategy (p=0.001), whereas high school students had a preference for elaboration strategy (p=0.001). The difference of each preference between male and female groups was not shown. From the analysis of correlation between learning strategy and scientific achievement, it showed that the monitoring strategy was commonly correlated with scientific achievement. In the self-focused learning, elaboration and organization strategies were correlated with scientific achievement in high school students (p<0.05). In the work-focused learning, memorization strategy was correlated with scientific achievement in middle school students, especially in male groups (p<0.05).

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.406-415
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• 2010

Purpose: The secondary correction of cleft lip nasal deformity still presents a difficult surgical problems. The present study was aimed to investigate the usefulness of Bardach's technique for secondary correction of cleft lip nasal deformity. Materials and Methods: The subjects were eight patients with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity, who had secondary correction by using Bardach's rhinoplasty technique. Age range was from 2 to 21 years and mean age was 10.6 years. There were 3 boys and 5 girls. Six patients had bilateral and two patients had unilateral cleft lip. Facial photographs were taken before and twenty days after the operation. By using Adobe photoshop, the columella height and the nostril width were measured from the facial frontal photograph and Worm's eye view. The degree of improvement was calculated and statistically analyzed. Results: The degree of improvement of the columella length and the nostril width after Bardach's technique was $70.39{\pm}50.14%$ and $-22.93{\pm}0.15%$ respectively. Bardach's technique resulted in projecting the nasal tip, lengthening the columella, medially advancing the alar bases, restructuring the lower lateral cartilages, and changing orientation of the nostrils from horizontal to oblique. The profile view shows projection of the nasal tip, lengthening of the columella, and the change in the nasolabial angle. The scars remained at the philtrum were matter little in compared with improvement of the nasal appearance. Conclusion: These results indicate that Bardach's technique is an useful surgical technique for secondary correction of cleft lip nasal deformity.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.45-56
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• 2015

The goal of this study was to analyze the research trends of engineering education in elementary and secondary education. To accomplish this goal, this study analyzed the journal papers by 'published year', 'research topic', 'research subject', 'research method' and 'related school subject'. Followings are the results of this study. First, regarding the published year, the studies related to the elementary and secondary school level engineering education had been conducted 1 to 3 pieces intermittently from 1995 to 2009. And the number of studies are more than 5 pieces after 2010. Second, regarding the research topic, the number of study followed by 'investigation for current status', 'tendency analysis', 'development of teaching method or model', 'verification of teaching method/models' effect'. Third, regarding the research subject, the number of study followed by 'student', 'literature', 'professor', 'teacher'. Fourth, regarding the research method, the number of study followed by 'survey research' and 'literature research', 'qualitative research', 'experimental research' and 'integrated research'. Fifth, regarding the related subject, the number of study followed by 'science', 'technology', 'mathematics', 'practical arts'. Based on the results of this study, there are the needs for further studies to establish theoretical foundation on the engineering content elements in elementary and secondary school level, analyze on related variables and effects, develop engineering assessment instrument, use a variety of research methods, and conduct study on the applications of engineering in math subject.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1549-1558
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• 2011

In this paper, we address the problem of bandwidth sharing among multiple primary users and multiple secondary users in a cognitive radio network. In cognitive radio networks, effective spectrum assignment for primary and secondary users is a challenge due to the available broad range of radio frequency spectrum as well as the requisition of harmonious coexistence of both users. To handle this problem, firstly, Bertrand game model is used to analyze a spectrum pricing in which multiple primary users emulate with each other to acquire maximal profit. After that, we employ Cournot game to model the spectrum sharing of secondary users to obtain optimal profit for each user also. Simulation results show that our scheme obtains optimal solution at Nash equilibrium.