• 생물정신의학
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2010

Objectives : Recurrence of mood episodes associated with a specific season has been described in various mood disorders. Seasonal change in mood and behavior as a lifetime trait is also observed in healthy individuals. This study aimed at comparing the lifetime trait of seasonal variations of mood and behavior between bipolar disorder patients and controls as well as investigating associated factors of seasonality. Methods : Subjects were ninety-four clinically stable patients with bipolar disorder and 188 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Seasonality of mood and behavior was assessed retrospectively on lifetime basis using Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire(SPAQ). Results : The patient group showed a higher median global seasonality score(GSS) of SPAQ and a higher rate of seasonal affective disorder(SAD) compared to the control group(p < 0.0001). For subjects showing prominent seasonality, the seasonal symptom profile and seasonal pattern was similar in both patient and control groups. In addition to the diagnosis, female gender was shown to be a predictor of seasonality in the multiple linear regression analysis(p = 0.045). Conclusion : This study suggests that lifetime trait of seasonality may be related to the susceptibility of bipolar disorder.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.256-260
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• 2009

특발성 폐 혈철 침착증은 반복되는 객혈, 흉부 X-선상 양측성 폐침윤, 철분 결핍성 빈혈을 특징으로 하는 질환으로 주로 소아에서 발생한다. 매우 드문 질환으로 국내에서는 현재까지 6편의 증례가 보고되었다. 유전, 자가면역, 알레르기, 환경, 대사 등과 관련된 병인에 제시되었으나 아직까지 확실히 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 환자는 9세 여아로 2년간 매 봄, 가을에 객혈, 호흡곤란을 주소로 4차례 입원하였다. 청진 시 양폐야에서 나음이 들렸고 흉부 X-선 검사 및 CT에서 양측성 폐포성 침윤이 확인되었으며 혈액 검사에서 철분 결핍성 빈혈이 관찰되었다. Anti-GBM Ab, ANCA, FANA, RF, cow's milk protein에 대한 IgE 등의 항체 검사는 모두 음성이었고 응고 검사, 면역글로불린, 보체는 모두 정상이었다. 세균에 대한 객담과 혈액 배양 및 결핵에 대한 피부반응검사, 객담 도말 및 배양 검사는 모두 음성이었다. 폐생검에서 폐포내 출혈과 혈철소 함유 대식 세포(hemosiderin-laden macrophage) 및 간질의 섬유화 소견을 보여 폐 혈철 침착증을 확진 하였다. 매 악화 시마다 경구용 스테로이드 투여 후 임상 양상이 호전되어 퇴원하였다. 현재 외래에서 유지요법으로 스테로이드 복용 중이며 17개월간 재발 없는 상태이다. 저자들은 이전에 국내에서 보고되었던 환자들과는 달리 학동기에 처음 발병하여 매년 봄과 가을에 뚜렷한 원인 없이 재발하는 양상을 보인 특발성 폐 혈철 침착증 1예를 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.818-822
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• 1998

The persistence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV) infection was demonstrated in 7 swine farms employing continuous pig flow management even after seasonal outbreaks. Clinically, sporadic postweaning diarrhea was a major concern in those farms. Subsequently circulatory antibody detection using serum neutralizing test made useful for confirmation of PEDV persistent infections. The persistence of PEDV in the premise might have induced recurrence over the period of time.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.81-89
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• 1989

This study is to determine seasonal consumptive use of water of a design year during growing period (June-September) for paddy rice in Suwon. To obtain Dry flay Index which is defined as the number of probable dry days occurring at a design year, Slade Partly Un- symmetrical Distribution Function was adopted. Dry Day Index was analysed with 5, 10 and 30 day-term. And each of them was evaluated with recurrence intervals of 1, 3, 5, 10 and 20 year using 49 years daily rainfall data('35-'83). Their singnificance were tested at 1% level by X$^2$ test. On the basis of these values, Probable Evapotranspiration (ET) which is the daily average ET for the sum of both ET on dry days and ET on rainy days were esti- mated using 5 years daily actual ET data(' 82-' 86). Their Crop Coefficients were also de- termined by the modified Penman equation(1977) proposed by Doorenbos & Pruitt.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.299-306
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• 1988

We have reviewed 330 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax from Jan. 1980 to Jul. 1987 at the department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University. The ratio of male to female was 8.4:1, predominant in male. The incidence according to the age group was highest as 32% in the adolescence between 21 and 30 years old. The site of pneumothorax was right in 48%, left in 45% and bilateral in 7%. The initial symptoms were frequently dyspnea in 85%, chest pain in 63%. The etiologic factors were as follows; bleb origin in 31%, tuberculous origin in 30%, COPD in 3.3%, lung cancer in 1.5%, unknown in 29%. There was no significant difference in seasonal incidence irrespective of tuberculous or sex. The employed managements were as follows; bed rest with oxygen inhalation in 4 cases, closed thoracostomy in 326 cases, open thoracotomy in 122 cases, median sternotomy in 23 cases. The operative procedures at thoracotomy were as follows; simple pleurodesis in 5 cases, bleb excision or wedge resection in 113 cases, segmentectomy or lobectomy in 17 cases, decortication in 42 cases. Recurrence rate of each treatment was as follow; 50% in conservative treatment, 19% in closed thoracostomy, 2% in open thoracotomy, 4% in median sternotomy. Therefore overall recurrence rate was 12%. Open thoracotomy was the most effective procedure in recurrent pneumothorax, previous contralateral pneumothorax, bilateral simultaneous pneumothorax, visible bleb or bullae on the chest x-ray and persistent air leakage. 23 cases of unilateral spontaneous pneumothorax was examined whether or not underlying pathology of pneumothorax at opposite lung. 18 cases[78%] were positive findings. Therefore, bilateral thoracotomy by median sternotomy was a good operative method preventing contralateral pneumothorax.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.570-585
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• 2007

A clinical study of 106 cases of $Henoch-Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ purpura was made. The author analyzed the result of Korean traditional medical therapy. It was observed more frequently in female at the sex ratio of 1:1.3. The most prevalent age group was $4{\sim}9$ years(56.6%). In seasonal incidence, the cases were frequent during spring(50%), and the main specific history was upper respiratory tract infection(48.1%). The duration of contraction was $420.9{\pm}1079.3$ days. The adults were more chronic than children (p<0.05), The clinical manifestation showed in the skin (100%), the gastrointestinal tract(62.3%), the joints(64.2%), the kidney(25.3%), genitourinary system(11.3%), headache(6.6%), and scalp edema(4.7%) respectively. The first outbreak of symptoms was showing of skin purpura in 77 cases(72.6%) the highest frequency. and the gastrointestinal tract and joints were 16(15.1%) and 12 cases(11.3%) respectively. Of all patients, 22 cases(20.8%) experienced recurrences and 47 patients(44.3%) experienced hospitalization treatment. In the patients group which were recurrence experiences, the recurrence rate was high with patients(63.2%) who usually enjoyed meats and convenience foods and in patients(84%) who treated URI with chemical drugs(p<0.05). The patients group(68.9%) that took steroids also experienced a relatively high recurrence rate. Out of the patients(68.9%) who took treatment with steroids, 46.6% experienced side effects, in orders moon face(100%), weight gain(47.1%), appetite increase(52.9%), and acne. alopecia(11.8%), etc. There was a statistically significant relationship between the period of taking the steroid and the side effects(p<0.05), As the result of the herbal medicine treatment(treatment period: $6.7{\pm}6.2$ weeks, a follow-up survey during $15{\sim}24$ months), 67 patients(91.8%) among the 73 patients(68.9%) under 18 years old recovered completely but 3 cases(4.5%) recurred. 23 patients(69.7%) among the 33 patients(31.3%) above 19 years recovered completely but 5 cases(21.7%) recurred.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.21-33
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to investigated the occurrence properties of the cerebrovascular accidents. Clinical observations were done 252 cases, were carried from June, 1989 to May, 1990 at 4 general hospital in Taegu, Korea. The following results have been obtained ; 1. Among the 252 cases of cerebrovascular accidents, males was noted in $51.6\%$ and females in $48.4\%$. The ratio between males and females was 1.1 : 1 in whole groups of cerebrovascular accidents, and in aging distribution, it was showed variety distribution in age groups, fifties, sixties and forties were in order of frequency, particulary, more than half was shelved from 50 to 69. 2. Among the 252 cases of cerebrovascular accidents, cerebral hemorrhage was rioted in $64.3\%$, cerebral infarction in $25.8\%$, cerebral thrombosis in $6.3\%$, subarachnoid hemorrhage in $2.4\%$ and cerebral embolism in $1.2\%$. 3. In distribution of academic career, high school level was noted in $37.7\%$, elementary school level in $30.5\%$, middle school level in $17.1\%$, elementary school level in $30.5\%$, middle school level in $17.1\%$ arid college level in $14.7\%$. 4. In distribution of occupation, office worker was noted in $21.8\%$, housewife in $20.2\%$, the others in $19.1\%$, physical laborer in $18.3\%$ and inoccupation in $18.3\%$. 5. In seasonal distribution, spring was noted in $34.9\%$, winter in $32.5\%$, autumn in $20.3\%$ and summer in $12.3\%$. 6. Among the preceding diseases at the onset of cerebrovascular accidents, hypertension was noted in $51.6\%$, no preceding disease in $20.2\%$, other disease in $10.3\%$ and diabetes mellitus in $9.5\%$ and cardiovalvular disease in $6.0\%$. 7. In systolic blood pressure on admission, 160-199mmHg was noted in $32.2\%$, 200-239mmHg in $23.4\%$, 140-159mmHg in $19.4\%$, below 140mmHg in $16.3\%$, and above 240mmHg in $8.7\%$, While, in diastolic blood pressure, above 130mmHg noted in $24.6\%$, below 90 mmHg in $17.1\%$, 120-129mmHg in $13.1\%$ and was 90-99mmHg in $11.1\%$. 8. In major predisposing factors of patients, emotional stress was noted in $20.2\%$, physical action in $17.9\%$, rest in $16.9\%$, while sleeping in $10.7\%$, drinking in $9.9\%$ and defecation in $7.9\%$. 9. In distribution of affected side, left was noted in $48.4\%$, right in 42.1 and both $9.5\%$. 10. In rates of recurrent cases, first attach was noted in $79.0\%$, 1st recurrence in $17.0\%$, 2nd recurrence in $3.6\%$ and 3rd recurrence in $0.4\%$.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제83권2호
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• pp.304-316
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• 2022

목적 코로나바이러스감염증-19 영향으로 소아청소년과 내원 환자 수가 현저히 감소한 2020년에 소아 장중첩증에는 어떤 변화가 발생했는지 알아보고자 한다. 대상과 방법 2011년부터 2020년까지 고려대학교 안산병원에 내원하여 장중첩증 진단 후 관장정복술을 받은 18세 미만의 환자의 성별, 나이, 관장정복술의 연도별/월별/계절별 빈도, 관장정복술의 연도별/월별 실패율, 장중첩증의 연도별/월별 재발률을 조사하였다. 또한 2011-2019년에 내원한 환자군과 2020년에 내원한 환자군 사이에 평균 나이, 관장정복술 실패율 및 장중첩증 재발률에서 통계적 차이가 있는지 분석하였다. 결과 10년간 859건의 관장정복술은 남아에서 더 많이 시행되었고 평균 나이는 22.2개월, 연령별로는 1세 미만이 가장 많았다. 연도별 빈도는 2014년에 가장 높았고 2020년에 가장 낮았으며, 월별 빈도는 12월과 9월이 높았고 3월이 가장 낮았다. 2020년 환자군(n = 27)은 2011-2019년 환자군(n = 832)에 비해 평균 나이가 어리고(18.1개월 vs. 22.8개월) 관장정복술 실패율이 높고 (7.4% vs. 2.4%) 장중첩증 재발률이 높았으나(14.8% vs. 7.3%) 통계적 유의성을 보이지는 않았다(p = 0.07, p = 0.15, p = 0.14). 결론 코로나바이러스감염증-19가 유행한 2020년에는 장중첩증으로 관장정복술을 받은 환자수가 급격히 감소하였고, 지난 10년의 기록과 비교할 때 환자의 나이가 더 어린 경향을 보였으며, 관장정복술의 실패율과 장중첩증 재발률은 가장 높은 수치를 기록하였다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.67-90
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• 2005

In this study, to improve the quality of school lunch in local colleges, we conducted a survey on students who attend 2 year colleges in Jeju region. With its own unique regional characteristics and the change of its school lunch program from direct management to consignment, there were some questions about how each factor in school lunch program affects on students' satisfaction with it and we tried to present helpful data to improve school lunch programs in each region. The survey took place from May 5 to May 10, 2005 covering the colleges only in Jeju region. There were 200 sets of questionnaires issued and distributed to the students who are currently using school lunch programs. Only 168 sets were retrieved and processed statistically. 2 sets out of 168 questionnaires had to be thrown away because there were wrong entries of some questions, which made overall retrieving rate 83%. In this study, SPSS 10.0 , one of the statistical package programs, was used as an analyzing tool to make Frequency Analysis. To verify credibility, Cronbach's Alpha Element Analysis was done and T-test and ANOVA was also made. After Recurrence Analysis for elements of satisfaction regarding main factors that is considered to be important to customers, we found that importance of following factors: appearance of food, incongruity between main and side dishes, availability of seasonal food, availability of preferred menu, absence of food stock, waiting time, accessibility of food counters, space between chairs, presentation of a menu, food tray's shape, and color of food trays. The importance of those showed high but satisfaction with the same factors was low. So the primary improvement on these factors should be made to increase satisfaction. Finally we concluded that in large extent, importance of each factor definitely affects on students' satisfaction.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제5권
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• pp.143-157
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• 1987

In order to determine the design precipitation, the most probable daily precipitation and annual precipitation at every spot are calculated and iso - precipitation line are drawn. Probability of precipitation and drought phenomena of each gage station are analyzied by the method of frequency analysis from the statistical conceptions. The results summarized in this study are as the follows. 1. Annual mean precipitation in kyungpook area are 1044 mm, about 115 mm less than annual mean precipitation of Korea amounts to l1S9mm, and found to regionally unequal. 2. Monthly mean rainfall of July is 242.2mm, 23.2%, August 174.2mm, 16.7%, June 115mm, 11% and September 114.2mm, 10.9% and Rainfall depth of July-August are more than 40% of annual precipition. This shows notable summer rainy weather by typoon and low pressure storm and seasonal unbalance of water supply. 3. The relation among the maximum precipi.tation per day, per two continuous days and per three contnous days are caculated and the latter is found 31.0% increased rate of the first and the last 48.2% increased rate of first. 4. Probability precipitation in Kyungpook area are shown as 9.0%(5 year), 13.3%(10 year), 17.7%(20 year), 23.1%(50 year), 27.0%(100 year) and 31.1%(200 year) increased rate of each recurrence year compared with observed average annual precipitation. 5. From annual precipitation and maximum daily rainfall data probability of precipitation and precipitation isohyetal line are derived which shown as Table 11 and Fig. 8. 6. Drought days are divided 6 class and analysed results are shown on table 12. Average occurrence time of 10-14 continuous drought days are 2.3 time per year, 15-19 days are 0.9 time per year, 20-24 days are one per six years, 30-34 days are once per nine years and over than 35days are once per 25 years.