• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.144-155
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• 1996

During the 1990s the workplace has grown more complex and business competition has increased world-wide. All organizations, whether for-profit or non-profit have been forced to respond to market changes. More advanced information and technology, greater product diversity, shorter product life cycles, increased quality requirements, more regulation oversight, decreasing productivity, more competitors, and increasing overhead costs have motivated organizations to focus on ways to deliver products cheaper, better, and faster. Many organizations are searching for ways to reduce costs through downsizing, reengineering business processes, implementing quality management, outsourcing, and improving cost management. Support departments that provide services internal to an organization such as human resources, legal, and environmental, safety, and health (ES&H) are often the first organization targeted for cost reduction and cost control initiatives because these functions are part of a rapidly increasing overhead cost. Recently, ES&H functions are incresingly being integrated into the business of business to contribute value to organization beyond mere compliance with ES&H regulations. The discussions and development of the ISO compatible Environmental Management Standards or Occupational Safety and Health Management Standards is another impetus to integrate ES&H function into the business of business. Thus, ES&H professional need new skills to analyze the cost of their function and communicate the value of the products and services they provide. In recent years, the need for and the importance developing cost management and business skills by ES&H professionals have been emphasized in the literature. Communicating with decision makers in terms of cost and value to the organization, and by using business language and business arguments is the first step toward effectively integrating ES&H activities into the business of business. Activity-based costing (ABC) is a cost management method that measures the cost of a product or service based on the actual use of resources by activities, and based on the actual amount of activities used to produce a product or service. ABC is recommended as a tool for managers of ES&H organizations to determine the cost of developing and providing ES&H products within a for-profit firm or non-profit agency. This paper discusses the trend of integration of ES&H functions into the mainstream of business activities within an organization. The general principles of treditional cost accounting are presented as a bases for understandging why and how ABC will provide more accurate estimates of cost. The principles and concepts of ABS are presented as a tool for determining more accurately the true cost of ES&H products and services.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.123-153
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• 1999

This article aims at finding the ways, on the basis of the studies about the behaviors to search the existing CD-ROM databases, so that the searchers who retrieve the on-line MEDLINE used in the medical libraries can use the data more efficiently than now. We gave the questionnaires to the librarians in 60 medical libraries and searched the literatures and realities on the behaviors of the data uses to examine the search behaviors of the MEDLINE in the medical libraries. The result is as follows: 1) The medical data system rate for single users was $53\%$ and the ons for multi users $43\%$. As for the time which users retrieve for a week, under two hours was $75\%$, between 3 and 8 hours $18.3\%$, and eve. 9 hours $6.7\%$. 2) The increasing factors of the search result are (1) an enough discussion and interview between librarians and users, and (2) the use of the correct indexing terms, Thesaurus, and Keyword. In principle users must search directly. However, the librarians searched instead in case that the retrieval result was under two hours a week$(75\%)$. 3) As for the search fee, $91\%$ was free and $9\%$ was charged. Also search effectiveness was enhanced by the means of Inter-Library Loan Service & Information Network. 4) The medical librarians answered the questionnaire that they need the application education of professional knowledge, medical terms(thesaurus) and electronic medium, and also they need the computer education, interview technique and reeducation to give a satisfactory service. 5) As for the satisfactory degree of MEDLINE application, they answered $44.6\%$ for economy, $38.2\%$ for the conveniency of the time required, and $58.9\%$ for the users' search satisfaction answered respectively. 6) The application of MEDLINE system enhanced the medical libraries' image and had an effect on the users' satisfaction of using the data and search, the data activities and the research achievement. 7) In the past MeSH was used but as the time passes CD-ROM MEDLINE search behavior was preferred to On-line one.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.147-156
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• 2015

Objectives : This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Korean medicine for a thoracolumbar compression fracture. Methods : We searched six Korean databases (DBPIA, Korean Studies Information Service System, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, National Digital Science Library, Research Information Sharing Service, KoreaMed) (up to June 2015) and the Journal of Korean Acupuncture and Moxibustion Society. Unpublished studies were also searched. Clinical research, other than case reports involving less than 10 patients, were eligible. The effectiveness and safety of Korean Medicine was analyzed. The 'Risk of Bias' was assessed using the 'Risk of Bias' assessment tool for non-randomized studies as well as the Cochrane Collaboration's 'Risk of Bias' tool. Results : We found 12 before-after studies (374 patients). There was no randomized trial. All studies combined at least three different types of Korean medicine treatments. The period of treatment varied between less a week and 154 days. All the included studies reported improvements in pain, functional disability related to lower back pain, global assessment, and benefits in the compression ratio of a fractured vertebrae and skin temperature measured by digital infrared thermal imaging in comparison with the baseline. However, all studies had a high risk of bias and three studies reported mild adverse events. Conclusions : There is no randomized trial for the role of Korean medicine for patients with a thoracolumbar compression fracture. The effectiveness and safety of Korean medicine for this population remains unclear. Findings in this review are seriously biased due to observational design and a high risk of bias included in the studies. Future high-quality randomized trials are warranted.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.61-70
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• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this review is to analyse the trend in papers related with Korean Medicine Treatment after musculoskeletal disorder surgery. Methods We reviewed Korean Medicine papers by searching Korean web databases 'Korea Traditional Knowledge Portal', 'Scientific and Technological Information Integration Service (NDSL)', 'Academic Research Information Service (RISS)', 'Korea Medical Informati on Portal (OASIS)'. We classified the papers by the year of publishment, the title of journals, the type of study, surgery region, chief complain after surgery, main treatment, periods after surgery, assessment for outcomes. Results 1. Korean Medicine treatment after musculoskeletal disorder surgery has received more attention than in the past and there are attempts to do various studies besides the case reports. 2. 41 research papers were divided in to 3 original articles, 3 review articles, 35 case reports. But almost presented a low level of evidence. 3. Pain was the most common symptom after the musculoskeletal disorder surgery. Pain should be the primary goal of Korean rehabilitation treatment after musculoskeletal disorder surgery. 4. Assessment tools for outcome were concentrated in questionnaries, VAS and NRS. In order to evaluate better, it is necessary to evaluate the overall condition of the patient such as the quality of life evaluation and patient satisfaction. Conclusions In this study, we expect that the development and clinical application of Korean rehabilitation treatment program after musculoskeletal disorder surgery will be actively pursued.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.217-230
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the consumer centered on-line services of Support Center for Childcare(SCC) of districts. For this purpose this study analyzed the 69 on-line services in websites of SCC. The materials used to evaluate the website services in this study were revised from Lee(2009)'s, Moon(2005)'s and Lee(2005)'s study. The evaluation categories are composed of information providing services, complaints handling services, online participation services, and usability services. The result of this study are as follows. First, in the aspect of information providing services, introduction to SCC, main business of SCC, and related website ranked high. Second, in the aspect of complaints handling services, complaint service board and complaint process notice ranked high. Third, in the aspect of online participation services, on-line application and reservation ranked high. Fourth, in the aspect of usability services, integrated searching, site map, and personal information protection ranked high. The results of this study showed that websites of SCC of districts tried to various services to communicate the consumers. Also the results of this study revealed the contents and problem of websites of SCC, and implied the more systematic and efficient services of SCC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.10b
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• pp.66-70
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• 2006

웹은 단순한 텍스트와 이미지의 저장소에서 서비스의 제공자로 진화하고 있다. 사용자들은 자신이 필요로 하는 서비스를 찾기 위해 웹 검색을 이용한다. 그러나, 현재의 검색 엔진은 주어진 질의어에 대해 모든 사람들에게 보편적으로 타당한 문서에 높은 우선 순위를 부여해 검색 결과의 상위에 위치시키기 때문에, 사용자의 관심과는 무관한 정보가 검색 결과의 상위에 나타나게 되는 단점이 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 사용자의 방문 내역을 사용자 프로파일에 저장하여, 이후 검색에서 사용자가 방문했던 웹 페이지들에 높은 우선 순위를 부여하여 검색 결과의 상위에 위치시키는 방식이 사용되고 있다. 기존의 사용자 프로파일은 단순 방문 페이지와 사용자가 실제 서비스를 제공받은 페이지에 대한 구별없이, 모든 검색 세션에 대해 동일한 방문 내역을 저장하고 있다. 그러나 이 경우, 잦은 방문 횟수를 가지나 실제 사용자가 서비스를 이용하지 않은 웹 페이지가 적은 방문 횟수를 가지나 실제 사용자가 서비스를 이용한 웹 페이지보다 높은 우선 순위를 갖게 될 수 있는 문제점을 지니고 있다. 본 논문에서는 필요로 하는 서비스를 웹에서 찾고자 할 때, 사용자가 과거에 이용했던 서비스 제공자들의 목록을 이용하여, 사용자 프로파일 기반 웹 서비스 검색의 정확도를 향상시키는 시스템을 설계하였다. 이를 위해 사용자가 웹 서핑 중 서비스를 이용했던 웹 페이지 정보를 서비스 제공자 목록에 저장하였다. 검색 엔진이 특정 질의어에 대해 제공하는 검색 결과는, 우선 사용자 프로파일을 이용해 과거에 자주 방문했던 웹 페이지가 높은 우선 순위를 갖도록 조정된 후, 서비스 제공자 목록을 이용해 과거에 사용자가 서비스를 이용했던 웹 페이지가 가장 높은 우선 순위를 갖도록 재조정된다. 사용자에게 제공되는 최종 검색 결과는 사용자의 과거의 방문 경향 및 실제 서비스 이용 경향을 모두 반영하게 된다.고려할 때 가장 효과적인 라우팅 프로토콜이라고 할 수 있다.iRNA 상의 의존관계를 분석할 수 있었다.수안보 등 지역에서 나타난다 이러한 이상대 주변에는 대개 온천이 발달되어 있었거나 새로 개발되어 있는 곳이다. 온천에 이용하고 있는 시추공의 자료는 배제하였으나 온천이응으로 직접적으로 영향을 받지 않은 시추공의 자료는 사용하였다 이러한 온천 주변 지역이라 하더라도 실제는 온천의 pumping 으로 인한 대류현상으로 주변 일대의 온도를 올려놓았기 때문에 비교적 높은 지열류량 값을 보인다. 한편 한반도 남동부 일대는 이번 추가된 자료에 의해 새로운 지열류량 분포 변화가 나타났다 강원 북부 오색온천지역 부근에서 높은 지열류량 분포를 보이며 또한 우리나라 대단층 중의 하나인 양산단층과 같은 방향으로 발달한 밀양단층, 모량단층, 동래단층 등 주변부로 NNE-SSW 방향의 지열류량 이상대가 발달한다. 이것으로 볼 때 지열류량은 지질구조와 무관하지 않음을 파악할 수 있다. 특히 이러한 단층대 주변은 지열수의 순환이 깊은 심도까지 가능하므로 이러한 대류현상으로 지표부근까지 높은 지온 전달이 되어 나타나는 것으로 판단된다.의 안정된 방사성표지효율을 보였다. $^{99m}Tc$-transferrin을 이용한 감염영상을 성공적으로 얻을 수 있었으며, $^{67}Ga$-citrate 영상과 비교하여 더 빠른 시간 안에 우수한 영상을 얻을 수 있었다. 그러므로 $^{99m}Tc$-transierrin이 감염 병소의 영상진단에 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.리를 정량화 하였다. 특히 선조체에서의 도파민 유리에 의한 수용체 결합능의 감소는 흡연에 의한 혈중 니코틴의 축적 농도와 양의 상관관계를 보였다(rho=0.9, p=0.04). 결론: $[^{11}C]raclopride$ PET을 이용하여 비

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.71-79
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• 2015

With the growth of aging population in Korea, a better care of chronic and other degenerative illnesses is urgently needed. Evidences suggest that this can be achieved through incorporating a wide range of care options, expanding beyond medical interventions. The aim of this study is to analyze the distribution of publically funded research to understand if the Korean research and development funding system matches various approaches and purposes to successfully tackle the chronic care needs of an aging society. We complied the list of funded projects to be analyzed by searching the National Technical Information Service database with key words such as aging society/senescence, chronic diseases, disability, and health promotion. Most projects were based on the biomedical approach with the purpose of establishing the etiology and clinical (treatment) interventions. Health promotion projects showed a distinctive distribution with more percentage of projects based on psycho-behavioral approaches while research on chronic diseases predominantly biomedical. It would be necessary to diversify publically-funded research projects to develop effective and efficient care technologies for the future.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38B no.5
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• pp.385-393
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• 2013

In the past decade, a paradigm shift from machine-centered to human-centered and from technology-driven to user-driven has been witnessed. Consequently, Social search is getting more social and Social Network Service (SNS) is a popular Web service to connect and/or find friends, and the tendency of users interests often affects his/her who have similar interests. If we can track users' preferences in certain boundaries in terms of Web search and/or knowledge sharing, we can find more relevant information for users. In this paper, we propose a novel Topic Sensitive_Social Relationship Rank (TS_SRR) algorithm. We propose enhanced Web searching idea by finding similar and credible users in a Social Network incorporating social information in Web search. The Social Relation Rank between users are Social Relation Value, that is, for a different topics, a different subset of the above attributes is used to measure the Social Relation Rank. We observe that a user has a certain common interest with his/her credible friends in a Social Network, then focus on the problem of identifying users who have similar interests and high credibility, and sharing their search experiences. Thus, the proposed algorithm can make social search improve one step forward.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 2013

The number of construction management firms has been increased as construction management delivery system has been active in Korean construction market. the capability of leading construction management professional, who is responsible for managing project administration, is important for commissioning construction management contracts. The quality of project proposal and the capability of leading construction management professional, which are assessed by the board of contract awarding committee, are the major contributors for commissioning the public construction management projects administered by the Korean public procurement service for contracting. Therefore, employing a very competent leading construction management professional is the critical strategy for awarding contract to the construction management firms' part. That is why the firms should secure a fixed number of leading construction management professional in a waiting list to proceed the contract commissioning process for expectant candidate projects, even if there is no project assignable to the leading construction management professionals. However, a measure that makes effectively use of the leading construction management professional in a waiting list has not been systematically implemented in the firms. In turn, the firm suffers considerable loss in a project personnel supply and demand plan. Expert opinions were obtained by the survey questionaries administered to top management of the construction management firms which are engaged in the construction management contracts for commissioning the public construction management projects administered by the Korean public procurement service either as principal or co-principal deliverer. This paper presents the findings obtained by investigating the actual employment state of the leading construction management professional in the waiting list and by analyzing the issues involved in mobilizing and demobilizing them. It contributes to implement a practical guide for searching effective solutions to the issues.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.52-68
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the weight loss effects of auricular acupuncture in obese patients. Methods: Six databases (Research Information Sharing Service [RISS], Korean studies Information Service System [KISS], Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System [OASIS], PubMed, The Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI]) were searched up to May 20, 2020. Eight eligible randomized controlled trials were included the present study. The quality of included studies was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool and a meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager software. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model and a subgroup analysis was performed to detect the sources of heterogeneity, identify the selection of acupuncture methods and explore its contributions to the weight loss effects. Results: Among 8 trials, 5 trials used auricular acupuncture and 2 trials used auricular acupressure, 1 trial used both types of intervention. Most commonly selected acupoints were Shenmen (TF4) and stomach (CO4). Treatment duration was six to twelve weeks, and total treatment session was six to twelve. Compared to the control groups, auricular acupuncture significantly decreased body weight, body mass index (BMI), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL) and ghrelin. For the selection of acupuncture methods, both methods performed similarly in most outcome except waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (BFP), and triglycerides (TG). Conclusions: We found that auricular acupuncture can be effective for weight loss and controlling appetite. However, the findings should be interpreted with caution due to heterogeneity. So further vigorous and well-designed studies should be conducted to strengthen the evidence of the use of auricular acupuncture for obesity.