• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1998.09a
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• pp.43-48
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• 1998

Prior to launch, simulated radiances of the Ocean Scanning Multispectral Imager (OSMI) will be very useful to guess the real imagery of OSMI and to check the data processing system for OSMI. The data processing system for OSMI which is one sensor of Korea Mult i - Purpose Satellite (KOMPSAT) scheduled for launch in 1999 is being developed based on the SeaWiFS Data Analysis System (SeaDAS). Such a simulation should include the spectral bands, orbital and scanning characteristics of the OSMI and KOMPSAT spacecraft. The simulation is also very helpful for finding and preparing for problem areas before launch. This paper describes a method to create simulated radiances of the OSMI over the oceans. Our method for constructing a simulated OSMI imagery is to propagate a KOMPSAT orbit over a field of Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) pigment values and to use the values and atmospheric components to calculate total radiances. A modified Brouwer - Lyddane model with drag was used for the realistic orbit prediction, the CZCS pigment data were used to compute water - leaving radiances, and a variety of radiative transfer models were used to calculate atmospheric contributions to total radiances detected by OSMI. Imagery of the simulated OSMI total radiances for 6 nominal bands was obtained. As expected, water - leaving radiances were only a small fraction of total radiances and sun glint contaminations were observed near the solar declination. Therefore, atmospheric correction is very important in the calculation of pigment concentration from total radiances. Because the imagery near the sun's glitter pattern is virtually useless and must be discarded, more advanced mission planning will be required.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.222-226
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• 2007

Proteases are degradative enzymes which hydrolyze a peptide bond between amino acids and they are abundantly applied to commercial field. In order to screen new source of pretense, bacteria secreting extracellular pretense were isolated by enrichment culture from deep sea water samples of East Sea, Korea. A bacterium, named as HJ19, showed the best growth and the largest clear zone in plates supplemented skim milk at $30^{\circ}C$. The partial DNA sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, phenotypic tests and morphology identified that this strain was In genus Micrococcus. The strain HJ19 could not grow at $10^{\circ}C$ but it started growth and showed pretense activity at $20^{\circ}C$. The optimal growth was at $37^{\circ}C$ and the maximal protease activity at $30^{\circ}C$ was about 480unit/ml.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.507-518
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• 1993

Paleomagnetic investigations have been carried out on the Tertiary sedimentary formations (Yeonil Group) in Pohang basin, southeastern Korea. A total of 215 samples were collected from 26 sites. Progressive thermal demagnetization indicates that many samples have unstable magnetization and do not reveal a characteristic direction. However, some samples from the lower and upper Duho Formation show a characteristic direction $D/I=7.8^{\circ}/48.3^{\circ}$ (${\alpha}_{95}=3.7^{\circ}$, k=174.1). Stepwise thermal demagnetization data show that some samples from the Hagjeon and middle Duho Formations reveal great-circle distributions moving from the present to a reversed direction of geomagnetic field. The mean of intersection points of the great-circles is nearly antipodal to the characteristic normal direction of the lower and upper Duho Formation. We infer that the Hagjeon Formation was formed during the reversed polarity chron C5B (16.2~14.7 Ma) and the Duho Formation 14.7~11.6 Ma based on our results and previous paleontologic and age dating data. Paleomagnetic direction for the Middle Miocene of Korea, analysed from the combined results of stable endpoints and great circles, is $D/I=8.7^{\circ}/53.9^{\circ}$ (${\alpha}_{95}=4.2^{\circ}$, k=74.8), and the corresponding paleopole is Lat./Long.=$82.7^{\circ}/230.2^{\circ}$ (${\delta}p=2.8^{\circ}$, ${\delta}m=5.9^{\circ}$). On the basis of this, we interpret that the opening of the East sea (Japan sea) or the synchronous clockwise rotation of the Southwest Japan exerted no structural influence on the Yeonil Group in the Middle Miocene.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.126-132
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• 2010

Carbonation is the results of the interaction of carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere with the alkaline hydroxides in the concrete. Reinforced steel corrosion due to concrete carbonation is one of main factors on the decrease in durability of RC structure. This study investigates the influence of carbonation on the bridges under various environment condition and quantifies the effect of carbonation various domestic field data. The failure probability of durability is evaluated on the basis of reliability concept. In addition, service life of the structures is predicted based on the intended probability of durable failure in domestic concrete specification. According to experimental results of the carbonation depth, the carbonation depth increased with structural age. It is analyzed that carbonation velocity of the structures under urban area and sea condition is 1.6-1.9 times faster than the river condition. Service life of the bridges under urban area and sea condition is decreased about 2.4-3.3 times than river condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 1990

This is a geodetic study on the the shoreline changes occurred by the facilities constructed in the beach. There are emperical, hydrological and numerical methods in predicting of the shorline changes. Numerical method is the most suitable method in the field of geodesy. There are many predicting models. This study adopted one-line model because it has a few hydrological factor and simplify the natural phenomena. This study established the ideal seawall boundary condition, applied the explicit model and the implicit model in the Dongsan harbour in East Sea, and could predict the optimum seawall position for protection of shore. The results are following ; Seawall protect shore of which input angle of wave is below 20$^\circ$, a ratio of wave height bleak/line does not effect in shoreline changes. The implicit model is accuracy but can not predict longtime change. But the explicit model is the opposite of the implicit model.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1970

To investigate provincial seed Potato Production farms, a Preliminary survey on the local population of the aphids was made in Sulchon alphine area, Mooju-Goon, Chollapuk-Bo where the climatic conditions were almost same as those of Taegwanryong Kangwon-Do, where Alpine Experimental station is located. This area stands from 650 to 900 metres above the sea level and divided three location of A. B, C, by altitude. A stands at 900 metres above the sea level. B at 750 metres and C at 650 metres. A and B divided three points: Al, A2, A3, and Bl, B2, B3- and divided four points-Cl, C2, C3, C4- at the distance of 300 metres apart each other. The traps were operated from July 21 to October 31, 1969. Otherwise, the traps established at Suwon (inland) and Taegwanryong where Alpine Experimental Station. A total of some 70 species including five virus vector species were identified. The Numbers of species at 10 locations, Suwon and Taegwanryong are as follows; Al-34, A2-38, A3-29, B1-25, B2-26, B3-29, C1-27, C2-14, C3-32, C4-37, species (Table 1), Suwon-49 species (including 5 virus vectors species), Taegwanryong-22 species (including 4 virus vector species). The aphids are shown in Table 1 and the Vectors are as follows: 1. Aphis gossypii Glover 2. Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) 3. Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) 4. Myzus persicae(Sulzer) 5. Phorodon humuli (Schrank) Numbers of vectors versus total aphid at each locations, including inland (Suwon) and alpine area (Taegwanryong) where Alpine Experimental Station are as Fig. 1. Of a total 8,902 aphids, 6,400 $(80\%)$ were Tetraneura sp. The number of aphids devoid of the number of Tetraneura sp. are as follows; (Numbers means mean of each locations) A; 215. B; 115, C; 176 and Suwon; 2,952, Taegwanryong; 247. Densities of aphids at the locations is lower :han those at Suwon and Taegwanryong. And density of vectors at the locations, at ranged from 11 to 37, is love. than those at inland (Suwon; 197) and alpine area (Taegwanryong; 90). Thus, this area is suitable for seed potato production as Multiplication field.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.495-504
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• 1996

The concentrations of dimethylsulfide (DMS) were determined from both seawater and the overlying atmosphere from a station located in the Masan Bay area during a ten-day field campaign period of January 1996. The resulting data were also used to derive saturation ratios (SR) as well as sea-to-air fluxes of DMS. The concentrations and fluxes of DMS for both reservoirs varied extensively over two to three orders of magnitude: DMS in air and seawater were measured at 9 to 4,300 pptv (mean: 600 $\pm$ 1, 170, N=18) and at 0.24 to 10 nM (4.0 $\pm$ 3.4, N=13), respectively, while its fluxes were found from 0.02 to 23 mol $m^{-2} day^{-1} (3.1 \pm 6.8, N=11)$. A comparative analysis between our data and previously reported ones indicate that its atmospheric concentrations are abnormalously high, but its seawater counterparts are slightly lower than expected. In light of high pollution levels of organic-rich materials in and the associated high biological productivity of the study area, the sea-to-air-fluxes derived are notably low relative to those values typically reported from the coastal areas. These complicated features of DMS distributions/fluxes in the study site indicate that the near-by port- based anthropogenic activities from various industrial plants strongly interfere with natural processes leading to the production and release of DMS. It was however striking to find out relatively strong signals of diel cycle in its saturation ratios, concentration gradients between seawater and atmosphere, and the associated fluxes. Although it is yet difficult to provide meaningful explanations for the observed phenomena, the existence of clear diel cycle in some DMS-related parameters suggests that the natural processes may nonetheless exert important controls on the regional cycling of atmospheric sulfur species, of particular DMS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 1999.10c
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• pp.155-161
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• 1999

The land reclamation area of Saemangeum(Kunsan) is located between 126$^{\circ}$10' E~126$^{\circ}$50' E and 35$^{\circ}$35' N~356$^{\circ}$05'N at the western coast of the Korean peninsula. The are many small islands including extensive areas of semi-diurnally flooded and dewatered tidal flats. The reclamation area of Saemangeum has a range of 5.6m spring tide and the maximum tidal current speed is about 1.41m s-1 in ordinary spring tide. Most of the sediments deposited on the tidal flats are transported from the Geum river, the Manjyung river and The Dongjin river. The soil in this area consists of silty sand with the depth of 10m to 30m . The wind in winter is strong from the direction of northwest. In the past twenty years, land reclamation projects for agricutural purpose or industrial cocmplex have been mostly implemented along the western coast of Korea. Saemangeum coastal area is being constructed the33km sea dike and 40, 100ha reclamation area. The purpose of this study is to find the residual circulations in four seasons after the dike construction by a robust diagnostic and prognostic numerical model. Heat flux at the sea surface in January ,May , August , October was asopted on the basis on the daily inflow of solar radiation at the earth surface, assuming an average atomospheric transmission and no clouds , as a function of latitude and time of year(George L.P.J.E William, 1990). The discharge from the Geum , the Mankyung and the Dongjin rivers was adopted on the basis of experience formula of river flow in January , May ,August, October (The M. of C.Korea, 1993) . Water temperature and salinity along the open boundaries are obtained from the results of field observation s.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.187-196
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• 2013

This study is focused on analyzing the deformation types of seaside armor stones based of field survey in order to establish the cause of abrasion following the deformation of seaside armor stones. 1. The deformation of seaside armor stone in saemangeum sea dike was classified as three different types: floating, deviation, and abrasion. 2. It was discovered that the stones floated to the extent of maximum 50 m, as the result of inspecting floating stones which were situated on different ten places. 3. The average number of deviation in the high ocean wave section was four times more than that in the ordinary ocean wave section, as a result of comparing the deviation number of the ordinary ocean wave section and that of the high ocean wave section for the purpose of inspecting the relation between the deviation of armor stones and the effects of ocean wave. 4. The angular shape of armor stones seen in the initial construction period has been abraded smoothly, as result of comparing of the shape change of armor stones for the purpose of inspecting abrasion state of seaside armor stones. 5. It was discovered that the abrasion of armor stone was severe in the section of many floating stones, as a result of analyzing the levels of abrasion and the cumulative sections of floating stones for the purpose of investigating the cause of abrasion.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.609-621
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• 1998

Sand ridges in the South Sea of Korea have been investigated to reveal the surface morphology and vortical variation in sediment physical property. Both field and laboratory methods such as high resolution subbottom profiling, side scan sonar, and physical property and sediment textural study on cored sediments were employed. Asymmetric sand waves are found on the ridge, No prominent difference in the sediment was recorded throughout the ridge area. Sediment sorting is generally poor due to interbedded mud. Average compressional wave velocity is 1753 m/sec for the sand dominated core section, Most of cores show two prominent facies: facies A and B. Facies A is defined as modern mud sediment and B is dominated by relict sand. Facies B is characterized by gravel, sand, and shell fragment, It is suggested that the facies B was developed in transgressive environment by tide and sporadic high energy events.