• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.439-446
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• 2009

This is a study intended to investigate the environmental factors including vegetation and soil in order to better understand the environmental and ecological characteristics of four different habitats of Pulsatilla tongkangensis(Mt. Baekun, Maha-ri, Kyulam-ri and Mt. Deokhang). These habitats, according to investigations, are mostly located on the slopes of mountains facing northwest at an altitude of 220m to 772m above sea level with angles of inclination ranging from 41 degree to 85 degree. A total of 27 vascular plant taxa are identified in ten quadrates of the four habitats. The importance value of these plants is as follows: Pulsatilla tongkangensis is 9.65%; Carex humilis var. nana 28.93%; Potentilla dickinsii 16.55%; Mukdenia rossii 7.09%; Peucedanum terebinthaceum and Eragrostis ferruginea 4.55%; and Vicia venosa var. albiflora 3.90%. The importance value of these six species is high, so they are at affinity with P. tongkangensis m their habitats. The degree of their average species diversity is 0.75, and that of dominance and evenness 0.24 and 0.85, respectively. Their average field capacity of soil is 19.05%, organic matter 10.51%, and soil pH is 7.43, which are similar among their habitats.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.207-230
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• 2006

The study which it sees probably is the tourist' from the tourist resort, a emotional response and the change of stay hour and the follows in crowding perceived degree and it examines it does. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, carried out literature study of a related field and set up a study model. We used one method. The first method was directly distributing questionnaires to tourist' by use of one researcher who has been trained in tourist site, in order to confirm hypothesis established according to a theoretical background. And as the site of study, chose Mureung Valley which are located in the East Sea region which is one of the largest domestic vacation destinations. Through these methods, we were able to obtain participation of 450 people from across the country. Using 408 responses(42 responses removed). we derived statistics by means of Win SPSS Version 10.0 statistics program package. The analysis results ara as follows: First, Perceived Crowding affects tourists' Emotional Response and the Stay hour change. Specially, perceived Crowding is from in the Emotional Response factor it is joyful with there is relationship of excitation relationship effect. Second, There is relationship of effect even to sentimental reaction and stay hour change. This also is from in the Emotional Response factor it is joyful with there is relationship of excitation relationship effect. Finally, we discuss the results of analysis and suggest research limitation and future and future study.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.13-22
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• 2015

$CO_2$ emitted from building materials and construction materials industry reaches about 67 million tons, which occupy about 30 % of $CO_2$ emitted from the construction field. Controls on the use of consumed fossil fuels and reduction of emission gases are essential for the reduction of $CO_2$ in the construction area as we reduce the second and third curing to emit $CO_2$ in the construction materials industry. Accordingly, this study applied the low energy curing admixture (hereinafter "LA") to the extruded panels to observe the physical properties, depending on the mixing amount of fiber, type of fiber and mixing ratio of fiber. The type of fiber did not appear to be a main factor to affect strength, while the LA mixing ratio and mixing amount of fiber appeared to be major factors to affect strength. Especially, the highest strength was developed when the LA mixing ratio was 40%, whereas the test object with the mixing ratio of 50% resulted in the decrease of strength. In addition, it appeared that the mixing ratio of fiber greatly affected flexural strength and strength increased as the mixing ratio increased.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.9
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• pp.828-840
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• 2014

There is a new evolution in technological advancement taking place called the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT enables physical world objects in our surroundings to be connected to the Internet. For this idea to come to life, two architectures are required: the Sensing Entity in the environment which collects data and connects to the cloud and the Cloud Service that hosts the data. In particular, the combination of wireless sensor network for sensing and cloud computing for managing sensor data is becoming a popular intervention for the IoT era. The pharmaceutical cold chain requires controlled environmental conditions for the sensitive products in order for them to maintain their potency and fit for consumption. The monitoring of distribution process is the only assurance that a process has been successfully validated. The distribution process is so critical that anomaly at any point will result in the process being no longer valid. Taking the cold chain monitoring to IoT and using its benefits and power will result in better management and product handling in the cold chain. In this paper, Arduino based wireless sensor network for storage and logistics (land and sea) is presented and integrated with Xively cloud service to offer a real-time and innovative solution for pharmaceutical cold chain monitoring.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.246-260
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• 2014

A 90-m horizontal-resolution numerical model was configured to study the micrometeorological features of local winds in the valley of Gwangneung KoFlux (Korea Flux network) Sites (GDK: Gwangneung Deciduous forest site in Korea, GCK: Gwangneung Coniferous forest site in Korea) during summer days. The U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data were employed for high-resolution model terrain height. Model performance was evaluated by comparing observed and simulated near-surface temperature and winds. Detailed qualitative analysis of the model-simulated wind field was carried out for two selected cases which are a clear day (Case I) and a cloudy day (Case II). Observed winds exhibited that GDK and GCK, as well as Case I and Case II, had differences in timing, duration and strength of daytime and nighttime wind direction and speeds. The model simulation results strongly supported the existence of the drainage flow in the valley of the KoFlux tower sites. Overall, the simulated model fields realistically presented the diurnal cycle of local winds in and around the valley, including the morning drainage-upslope transition and the evening reversal of upslope wind. Also, they indicated the complexity of local winds interactions by presenting that daytime westerly winds in the valley were not always pure mountain winds and were often coupled with larger-scale wind systems, such as synoptic-scale winds or mesoscale sea breezes blowing from the west coast of the peninsula.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2006

Busan New Port, under construction aiming for the hub of Northeast Asia and Partly in operation, had damaged up to 48 billion Won due to Typhoon 'maemi' in 2003. The present criteria of domestic harbor design only describes about the critical wave height with respect to the size of vessel for harbor tranquility. The berth operation ratio which represents the annual available berthing days is depending on the efficiency of cargo handling work and this depends on the motion of the moored vessel due to the wave action and the characteristics of cargo gears. The motion of moored vessel might be related not only to the wave height but also to wave period. Furthermore, the berth operation ratio relies on external forces such as currents and winds, including the characteristics of mooring system and the specification of the moored vessel. In this study we only deal with berth operation ratio in normal sea state, considering wave and current by measured data and numerical calculation. Especially we tried to evaluate the berth operation ratio for each berth adopting the variation of dredging and reclamation plan and the change of wave environment during the process of the new port construction. For better understanding and analysis of wave transformation process, we applied the steady state spectral wave model and extended mild-slope wave model to the related site. This study summarizes comparisons of harbor responses predicted by two numerical predictions obtained at Busan New port site. Field and numerical model analysis was conducted for the original port plan and the final corrected plan.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.189-205
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• 2014

Most local governments make an attempt to attract tourists through the large-scale development projects or regional festival events. But, its possibility of success is actually low, so they must take care of ecotourism industry which has higher efficiency in comparison with investing expense. Seocheon area couldn't be focused greatly in spite of the excellent ecological and cultural resources. However, there are lots of possibilities to be a new center of ecotourism because of newly opened National Institute of Ecology and National Marine Biology Resource Institute. Therefore, the purposes of this thesis are to analyze several eco-cultural property all over Seocheon, introduce ecotourism, a main function of ecosystem services, and develop the program satisfying 3 elements of ecotourism; natural environment, visitors and residents. In Seocheon located in where the sea meets the river, ecological property could be reorganized into 4 areas in relation to existing famous tourist attractions. As a measure to let visitors stay, we induced them to lodge in the region through the field work. To realize slow life, we designed it so that they can enjoy each landscape slowly. we also suggested the program which can guide visitors onto the vicinity of habitat for migratory birds at the mouth of Geumgang River and Seocheon foreshore nominated as Ramsar wetlands by focusing on National Institute of Ecology and National Marine Biology Resource Institute which will be the Mecca of ecology research. Through this research, there will be an opportunity to satisfy visitors of Seocheon and enrich local residents' lives.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2020

In order to investigate current characteristics at the Gungpyung beach, which is a macrotidal flat, field measurements were carried out in the summer and winter at the intertidal and the subtidal zones. The distribution of residual current at intertidal flat was dominant in the northward direction in the summer and dominant in the northward and southwestern directions in the winter. The direction and speed of the residual current in the winter are highly correlated with the significant wave height, and the turbidity is also highly correlated with the significant wave height. Therefore, in the winter, high sediment rates are suspended by high waves, and sediments are transporting due to the residual current in the southwest direction. On the other hand, it is expected that the northward residual current is predominant due to the small wave in the summer, and sediment transport does not occur largely due to less suspended sediments. In addition, sediment transport in the southern direction is blocked by the dock, which is the artificial structure, and the erosion occurs in the south side of the dock. The erosion pattern in the macrotidal zone of Yellow sea is dominated by seasonal waves, and blocking of sediments by artificial structure is very important.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.69-84
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• 2020

Natural shoreline repeats its re-treatment and advance in response to the endlessly varying sea-conditions, and once severely eroded under stormy weather conditions, natural beaches are gradually recovered via a boundary layer streaming when swells are prevailing after storms cease. Our understanding of the boundary layer streaming over surf-zone often falls short despite its great engineering value, and here it should be noted that the most sediments available along the shore are supplied over the surf-zone. In this rationale, numerical simulation was implemented to investigate the hydraulic characteristics of boundary layer streaming over the surf zone in this study. In doing so, comprehensive numerical models made of Spatially filtered Navier-Stokes Eq., LES (Large Eddy Simulation), Dynamic Smagorinsky turbulence closure were used, and the effects of turbulence closure such as Dynamic Smagorinsky in LES and k-ε on the numerically simulated flow field were also investigated. Numerical results show that due to the intrinsic limits of k-ε turbulence model, numerically simulated flow velocity near the bottom based on k-ε model and wall function are over-predicted than the one using Dynamic Smagorinsky in LES. It is also shown that flow velocities near the bottom are faster than the one above the bottom which are relatively free from the presence of the bottom, complying the typical boundary layer streaming by Longuet-Higgins (1957), the spatial scope where boundary layer streaming are occurring is extended well into the surf zone as incoming waves are getting longer. These tendencies are plausible considering that it is the bottom friction that triggers a boundary layer streaming, and longer waves start to feel the bottom much faster than shorter waves.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.568-577
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• 2002

The spreading Cocuoainim polykikoides bloom in the southern coastal waters of Korea was simulated using numerical model including the physical processes of water flow and the chemical processes of increasing cell of C. polykikoides by uptake of dissolved nutrients. The circulation of sea water was simulated by two dimensional tide model reflecting the main four tidal components of $M_2,\;S_2,\;K_1,\;O_1$, and permanent current was driven by inflow/outflow across open boundaries. According to the result of model which tidal and permanent current were reflected simultaneously, eastward flows entering the southern waters from the western waters of Korea are dominant but westward flows are weak relatively. These result suggest that it is difficult for initial C. polykikoides bloom generated in the coastal waters of Goheung to move to the western coast of Korea through Jeju Strait. For spreading model of C. poiyhikoides, the range of generating distribution and the generating time of C. polykikoides bloom in coastal area are similar to those of observation data in the field. Wind is the most important factor in moving and distribution of red tide. Permanent current flowing eastward is also considered to be important factor and tidal current was a little influenced.