• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.449-460
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• 2022

The morphology and whole genome sequence of Spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus K1 (SeNPV-K1) isolated in Korea were analyzed for the use as an eco-friendly control source against S. exigua. The polyhedra of SeNPV-K1 was amorphous with a size of 0.6-1.8 ㎛, and there was no external difference with the previously reported SeNPV. As a result of analyzing the nucleotide sequence of the whole genome, it was composed of 135,756 bp, which is 145 bp more than that of the previously reported SeNPV. The G+CG+C content was 44% and there were 6 homologous repeated sequences, so there was no significant difference from the previous report. As a result of ORF analysis, SeNPV-K1 had 137, two fewer than those previously reported, and 4 ORFs present only in SeNPV-K1 were confirmed. These 4 ORFs are non-essential genes and were not considered to have a significant influence on the characteristics of the SeNPV. The genome vista analysis showed that the overall sequence similarity between SeNPV-K1 and the previously reported SeNPV was very high. The whole genome of SeNPV-K1 analyzed for the first time in Korea was found to be similar to the previously reported SeNPV, but it was confirmed that it was a novel resource in Korea with different isolate.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2001

The role of polyhedrin in the polyhedra production in baculovirus Autograha californica Nucelopolyhedro-sisvirus (AcNPV) was studied by over-expression of AcNPV polyhedrin or heterologous polyhedrin from Bombyx mori (Bm) NPV or Spodoptera exigua (Se) NPV. The transfer vectors containing additional polyhedrin from AcNPV, BmNPV, or SeNPV were constructed and cotransfected with bacmid bApGOZA into Sf9 cells. The resulting recombinants, designated as vApAcPol, vApBmPol, and vApSePol were tonstructed, and the polyhedra production of the recombinant was characterized. All of the recombinants produced polyhedra in the nucleus, and the polyhedrin was over-expressed. Among three recombinants, vApAcPol and vApBmPol were discriminated by their larger polyhedra size than that of wild type AcNPV, and vApSePol also produced larger polyhedra than wild type SeNPV polyhedra.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.4 s.137
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• pp.329-332
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to investigate pathogenicity of Spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeNPV) with different temperatures for mass production. In laboratory condition, $LC_{50}$ values of SeNPV were $9.797{\times}10^{3}PIBs/mL$ at $20^{\circ}C$ and $3.351{\times}10^{2}PIBs/mL$ at $32^{\circ}C$ in 2nd instar larvae. $LC_{50}$ of the other larval stage were similar to that of 2nd instar. $LT_{50}$ values of SeNPV was 9.0 days in $1.0{\times}10^{3}PIBs/mL$ but 6.9 to 3.5 days in $1.0{\times}10^{4-6}PIBs/mL$ against 3rd instar of Spodoptera exigua. $LT_{50}$ Values of $1.0{\times}10^{4}PIBs/mL$ were 5.7, 5.5 and 4.9 days in 24, 28 and $32^{\circ}C$, respectively. As a results, $LT_{50}$ was shortened with increase of temperatures up to $32^{\circ}C$ and also dependent on viral concentration and larval instars.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.416-420
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• 2006

Compare to testing sera individually, pooled-serum testing has considered as a cost-effective method, particularly on a large population-based seroprevalence studies. This study was to determine the relationship between individual sera and pooled sera titers for detection of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and to evaluate suitability of pooled sera by comparing prevalences estimated from both samples. A total of 5,000 individual samples were collected from 500 flocks in Chungcheong, Gyunsgi, and Kangwon provinces between January 2005 and February 2006. Ten samples were randomly selected from each flock. Five-hundred pooled sera were prepared by mixing equal amount of each 10 individual serum from the original samples. IBV antibody titers were measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. The least squares regression analysis was performed to construct equation between pooled and mean individual titers. To determine whether the flock is infected 4 arbitrary criteria were used: detection of at least 1 chicken with HI titer ${\ge}$ 9 (criterion 1), detection of at least 2 samples with HI titer ${\ge}$9 (criterion 2), detection of at least 1 sample with HI titer ${\ge}$ 10 (criterion 3), and filially detection of at least 1 sample with HI titer ${\ge}$ 11 (criterion 4). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to examine the cut-off points of pooled titers showing optimal diagnostic accuracy. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivities (Se), specificities (Sp), and positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values were calculated. The regression equation between pooled titers (pool) and mean individual titers (mean) was: $pool= 1.2498+0.8952{\times}mean$, with coefficient of determination of 87% (p< 0.0001). The optimal cut-off points of pooled titers were titer 8 for criterion 1 (AUC=0.975, Se=0.883, Sp=0.959, PPV=0.985, NPV=0.728), titer 8 for criterion 2 (AUC=0.969, Se=0.954, Sp=0.855, PPV=0.926, NPV=0.907), titer 9 for criterion 3 (AUC=0.970, Se=0.836, Sp=0.967, PPV=0.978, NPV=0.772), and titer 9 for criterion 4 (AUC= 0.946, Se=0.928, Sp=0.843, PPV=0.857, NPV=0.921). The difference of 'prevalence estimated by individual and pooled sample showed a minimum of 2% for criteria 2 and a maximum of 9.1:% for criteria 3. These results indicate that the use of pooled sera in HI test for screening IBV infection in laying hen flocks is considered as a cost-effective method of testing large numbers of samples with high diagnostic accuracy.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2006

The tea looper caterpillar, Ectropis obliqua, is one of the major pests of tea bushes. E. obliqua single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (EcobSNPV) has been used as a commercial pesticide for biocontrol of this insect. However only limited genetic analysis for this important virus has been done up to now. EcobSNPV was characterized in this study. Electron microscopy analysis of the occlusion body showed polyhedra of 0.7 to $1.7\;{\mu}m$ in diameter containing a single nucleocapsid per envelope of the virion. A 15.5 kb genomic fragment containing EcoRI-L, EcoRI-N and HindIII-F fragments, was sequenced. Analysis of the sequence revealed that the fragment contained eleven potential open reading frames (ORFs): lef-1, egt, 38.7k, rrl, polyhedrin, orfl629, pk-1, hoar and homologues to Spodoptera exigua multicapsid NPV (SeMNPV) ORFs 15, 28, and 29. Gene arrangement and phylogeny analysis suggest that EcobSNPV is closely related to the previously described Group II NPV. Bioassays on lethal concentration $(LC_{50}\;and\;LC_{90})$ and lethal time $(LT_{50}\;and\;LT({90})$ were conducted to test the susceptibility of E. obliqua larvae to the virus.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2012

A climate change by increase of greenhouse gas is coming to the front by a large issue, and oxy-combustion demonstration project is coming to the attention to one plans for the reduction of carbon dioxide in power generation sector that used a fossil energy in points of time. This paper estimates benefit of electric generation, benefit of greenhouse gas reduction, benefit of environmental pollutant decreasing and domestic and foreign market value-added benefit caused by oxy-combustion demonstration project. Furthermore, this paper attempts to cost-benefit analysis, using NPV, B/C ratio, IRR techniques for oxy-combustion demonstration project. The results indicate that NPV is 681,620million KRW, B/C ratio 1.69 and IRR 21.4%. Accordingly, oxy-combustion demonstration project ensures economic feasibility that the three indicators have exceeded 0, 1.0 and 5.5%. Moreover, uses of the result is useful for the reduction of carbon dioxide in thermal power generation sector of policy decision.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.176-182
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• 2014

The project of promoting the economy has attracted attention as on strategy for the economic revitalization of abandoned mine areas which is promoting by local government based on the "Special law on the development of abandoned mine areas". Through the analysis of economic feasibility analysis, the government is trying to determine the presence or absence of budget support to project of promoting the economy of local government. Furthermore, this paper attempts to conduct a cost-benefit analysis, using net present value(NPV), benefit/cost(B/C) ratio, internal rate of return(IRR) techniques for project of promoting the economy of Samcheok City. The project of promoting the economic of Samcheok City is promoting the Yukbaeksan flowers rest park and Glass Art Culture and Tourism theme park. The results indicate that NPV, B/C ratio and IRR of Yukbaeksan flowers rest park are 3,937 million won, 1.06, 6.18% and NPV, B/C ratio and IRR of Glass Art Culture and Tourism theme park are 8,311 million won, 1.34 and 9.47. Accordingly, the projects of promoting the economic of Samcheok City ensure economic feasibility that the three indicators have exceeded 0, 1.0 and 5.5% respectively. Moreover, the analysis results can be used effectively in the decision for the project of promoting ecomony of Samcheok city.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.274-282
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• 2014

The Korean government is considering the implementation of the marine debris pollution abatement technology program (MDPATP) to mitigate the negative impacts of marine debris and systematically manage marine debris through scientific researches such as monitoring and environmental impact assessment of marine debris. In this regard, this study attempts to analyze the economic feasibility of the MDPATP in order to provide policy-maker with useful information. To this end, the indices for economic feasibility such as net present value (NPV), benefit/cost (B/C) ratio, and internal rate of return (IRR) are presented. The results show that NPV, B/C ratio, and IRR are computed to be 45.7 billion won, 2.72, and 17.12%, respectively, which are bigger than 0, 1.0, and 5.5%, and that the MDPATP passes the cost-benefit analysis. Thus, it is concluded that it is socially profitable to conduct the MDPATP.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.110-116
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the usefulness of positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) in the pre-operative staging of gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: Between February 2006 and August 2008, PET-CT and CT were performed on 70 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer by gastrofiberscopic biopsy. The sensitivities, specificities, Positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of PET-CT and CT imaging for the detection of gastric cancer TNM staging were compared. Results: The detection rates for the primary tumor were as follows: PET-CT, 81.4% (57/70); and CT, 42.9% (30/70). For both early gastric cancer (EGC) and advanced gastric cancer (AGC), PET-CT was more accurate than CT in detecting the lesions. As the size of the tumor exceeded 3 cm, the detection rate increased. The sensitivities, specificities, PPV, and NPV of PET-CT for lymph node staging were 55.6%, 81%, 86.2%, and 45.9%, while the sensitivities, specificities, PPV, and NPV of CT were 40.0%, 85.7%, 85.7% and 40%, respectively. One case of multiple liver metastasis and two cases of dual primary cancer (rectal and pancreatic cancers) were detected by PET-CT. PET-CT also had a higher detection rate for all histologic types of primary tumors. PET-CT was more accurate than CT in detecting primary gastric cancer lesions. The detection of nodal metastasis by PET-CT was similar to CT; small-sized tumors or EGC detection rates were not high. However, PET-CT provided additional information to detect distant metastases and dual primary cancers and reduced unnecessary laparotomies to detect peritoneal seeding or carcinomatosis. Conclusion: It would be useful to make a pre-operative diagnosis of gastric cancer and determine treatment if PET-CT were added to other routine pre-operative studies.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.225-234
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• 2016

This project sought to conduct an economic feasibility study regarding the commercial production of bio-hydrogen by the marine hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 using carbon monoxide-containing industrial off-gas. We carried out the economic evaluation of the bio-hydrogen production process using the raw material of steel mill by-product gas. The process parameter was as follows: $H_2$ production rate was 5.6 L/L/h; the conversion of carbon monoxide was 60.7%. This project established an evaluation criterion for about 10,000 tonne/year. Inflation factors were considered as 3%. The operating costs were recalculated based on prices in 2014. The total investment required for development was covered 30% by capital and 70% by a loan. The operation cost for the 0.5-year test and integration, and the cost for the first three months in the 50% production period were considered as the working capital in the cost estimation. The costs required for the rental of office space, facilities, and other related costs from the construction through to full-scale production periods were considered as continuing expenses. Materials, energy, waste disposal and other charges were considered as the operating cost of the development system. Depreciation, tax, maintenance and repair, insurance, labor, interest rate charges, general and administrative costs, lubrication and miscellaneous expenses were also calculated. The hydrogen price was set at US$ 4.15/kg for the economic evaluation. As a result, the process was considered to be economical with the payback period of 6.3 years, NPV of 18 billion Won and IRR of 26.7%.