• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.55-59
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the effect of a water exercise program on the pennation angle of the lower-limb muscle in women in their 20s. Methods: Ten female subjects were randomly divided into two groups, with 5 subjects exercising in water 0.7 m deep and 5 subjects exercising in water 1.4 m deep. They did the water exercising program for 40 minute per day, 3 days per week, for total 6 weeks. We measured the pennation angle of lower-limb muscle using ultrasonography. All measurements for each group were performed at pre-training and after 6 weeks of training. Results: The pennation angle was compared before and after the water exercise period for each group, and statistically significant changes within each group in measurements of the rectus femoris and tibialis anterior (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in muscle architecture by water depth (p>0.05) between the two groups. Conclusion: These results show that the pennation angle of the lower-limb muscle of women in their 20s changed after 6 weeks of participating in a water exercise program, but these changes were not dependent on the depth of the water in which the exercises were performed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.477-480
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• 2012

In this study an programming instruction robot system using smart phone was designed and development. The system In this study is by direct programming using smart phone and program written using smart phone through a bluetooth module behavior is to be transferred to the robot control circuit. In this places, without the constraints of the robots in education and training means you can the robot's motion and, therefore, the results of students of programming through a smartphone is beyond the limits of the existing educational programming education.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.261-269
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• 2023

We propose to design a Holochain-based security and privacy protection system for resource-constrained IoT healthcare systems. Through analysis and performance evaluation, the proposed system confirmed that these characteristics operate effectively in the IoT healthcare environment. The system proposed in this paper consists of four main layers aimed at secure collection, transmission, storage, and processing of important medical data in IoT healthcare environments. The first PERCEPTION layer consists of various IoT devices, such as wearable devices, sensors, and other medical devices. These devices collect patient health data and pass it on to the network layer. The second network connectivity layer assigns an IP address to the collected data and ensures that the data is transmitted reliably over the network. Transmission takes place via standardized protocols, which ensures data reliability and availability. The third distributed cloud layer is a distributed data storage based on Holochain that stores important medical information collected from resource-limited IoT devices. This layer manages data integrity and access control, and allows users to share data securely. Finally, the fourth application layer provides useful information and services to end users, patients and healthcare professionals. The structuring and presentation of data and interaction between applications are managed at this layer. This structure aims to provide security, privacy, and resource efficiency suitable for IoT healthcare systems, in contrast to traditional centralized or blockchain-based systems. We design and propose a Holochain-based security and privacy protection system through a better IoT healthcare system.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.270-278
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• 2023

We propose a container orchestration system for process workloads that combines the potential of big data and machine learning technologies to integrate enterprise process-centric workloads. This proposed system analyzes big data generated from industrial automation to identify hidden patterns and build a machine learning prediction model. For each machine learning case, training data is loaded into a data store and preprocessed for model training. In the next step, you can use the training data to select and apply an appropriate model. Then evaluate the model using the following test data: This step is called model construction and can be performed in a deployment framework. Additionally, a visual hierarchy is constructed to display prediction results and facilitate big data analysis. In order to implement parallel computing of PCA in the proposed system, several virtual systems were implemented to build the cluster required for the big data cluster. The implementation for evaluation and analysis built the necessary clusters by creating multiple virtual machines in a big data cluster to implement parallel computation of PCA. The proposed system is modeled as layers of individual components that can be connected together. The advantage of a system is that components can be added, replaced, or reused without affecting the rest of the system.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.99-104
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• 2011

A stoichiometric mixture of evaporating materials for $MgGa_2Se_4$ single crystal thin films was prepared from horizontal electric furnace. The crystal structure of these compounds has a rhombohedral structure with lattice constants $a_0=3.953\;{\AA}$, $c_0=38.890\;{\AA}$. To obtain the single crystal thin films, $MgGa_2Se_4$ mixed crystal was deposited on thoroughly etched semi-insulating GaAs(100) substrate by the Hot Wall Epitaxy (HWE) system. The source and substrate temperatures were $610^{\circ}C$ and $400^{\circ}C$, respectively. The crystalline structure of the single crystal thin films was investigated by the double crystal X-ray rocking curve and X-ray diffraction ${\omega}-2{\theta}$ scans. The carrier density and mobility of $MgGa_2Se_4$ single crystal thin films measured from Hall effect by van der Pauw method were $6.21{\times}10^{18}\;cm^{-3}$ and 248 $cm^2/v{\cdot}s$ at 293 K, respectively. The optical absorption of $MgGa_2Se_4$ single crystal thin films was investigated in the temperature range from 10 K to 293 K. The temperature dependence of the optical energy gap of the $MgGa_2Se_4$ obtained from the absorption spectra was well described by the Varshni's equation, $E_g(T)=E_g(0)-({\alpha}T^2/T+{\beta})$. The constants of Varshni's equation had the values of $E_g(0)=2.34\;eV$, ${\alpha}=8.81{\times}10^{-4}\;eV/K$ and ${\beta}=251\;K$, respectively.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.313-317
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• 2008

Lipoma is a common neoplasm in soft tissues. However, an intrapulmonary lipoma is a rare benign tumor. Patients with a bronchial lipoma might have a malignant potential related to their smoking history due to the case reports of lung cancer accompanied with lipoma. Endobronchial lipoma can cause irreversible parenchymal lung damage if not diagnosed and treated early. Therefore, it should initially be treated by fiberoptic bronchoscopy or surgery depending on the status of distal parenchymal lung damage. Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is a pathological syndrome that is defined by the presence of buds of granulation tissue consisting of fibroblasts and collagen within the lumen of the distal air spaces. BOOP is caused by drug intoxication, connective tissue disease, infection, obstructive pneumonia, tumors, or an unknown etiology. We encountered a 58 year-old male patient with endobronchial lipoma, causing the collapse of the right middle and lower lobes, and BOOP due to obstructive pneumonia.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.304.2-304.2
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• 2016

Hafnium oxide-aluminum oxide (HfO2-Al2O3) dielectric films have been fabricated by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD), and their properties are studied in comparison with HfO2 films. As a gate dielectric of the TFT, in spite of its high dielectric constant, HfO2 has a small energy band gap and microcrystalline structure with rough surface characteristics. When fabricated by the device, it has the drawback of generating a high leakage current. In this study, the HfAlO films was obtained by Pulsed Laser Deposition with HfO2-Al2O3 target(chemical composition of (HfO2)86wt%(Al2O3)14wt%). The characteristics of the thin Film have been investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and spectroscopic ellipsometer (SE) analyses. The X-ray diffraction studies confirmed that the HfAlO has amorphous structure. The RMS value can be compared to the surface roughness via AFM analysis, it showed HfAlO thin Film has more lower properties than HfO2. The energy band gap (Eg) deduced by spectroscopic ellipsometer was increased. HfAlO films was expected to improved the interface quality between channel and gate insulator. Apply to an oxide thin Film Transistors, HfAlO may help improve the properties of device.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2005

A thermoelectric flow sensor for small quantity of gas flow rate was fabricated using silicon wafer semiconductor process and bulk micromachining technology. Evanohm R alloy heater and chromel-constantan thermocouples were used as a generation heat unit and sensing parts, respectively. The heater and thermocouples are thermally isolated on the $Si_{3}N_{4}/SiO_{2}/Si_{3}N_{4}$ laminated membrane. The characteristics of this sensor were observed in the flow rate range from 0.2 slm to 1.0 slm and the heater power from 0.72 mW to 5.63 mW. The results showed that the sensitivities $(({\partial}({\Delta}V)/{\partial}(\dot{q}));{\;}{\Delta}V$ : voltage difference, $\dot{q}$ : flow rate) were increased in accordance with heater power rise and decreasing of flow rate.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.11.1-11.1
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• 2009

Ternary Al2O3.ZrO2.Y2O3 samples with a eutecticcomposition were prepared by slow cooling. The microstructural evolution wasobserved with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TheSEM observation of the ternary samples agreed with the XRD with a completion ofcrystallisation by slow cooling. The target materials commonly have 'cantaloupe skin' microstructures as shown inthe previous studies by Han et al. The nanocomposite may have experienceddifferent cooling rates with two different microstructures, near the surfacehaving experienced optimal conditions for the eutectic reaction during theircooling and thus formed the eutectic microstructure, near the centre havingexperienced a slower cooling rate. The crystallised eutectic ternary Al2O3.ZrO2.Y2O3 system had three different phaseswith a 3Y2O3. 5Al2O3 (yttrium.aluminiumgarnet phase), an alumina phase formed by the eutectic reaction, and a solidsolution of ZrO2 and Y2O3.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2018

Objectives: The emission characteristics of aldehydes were investigated in five industries for the efficient management of aldehydes. Methods: Aldehydes and THC were measured from the stack and boundary of facilities. The relative concentrations and odor contribution of aldehydes were evaluated. Results: The concentrations of aldehydes in the asphalt manufacturing and printing industries were relatively high. Formaldehyde met emission limits for all facilities. According to the odor contribution analysis of aldehydes, i-valeraldehyde and butyraldehyde, which have a relatively low odor threshold value, were found to be the major odor-causing substances in the painting and textile processing industries. Conclusions: Among the aldehydes, the major emission compounds were formaldehyde in asphalt manufacturing, acetaldehyde in the paper manufacturing and textile processing industries, and butyraldehyde in the printing and painting industries. Therefore, to increase the effectiveness of aldehyde reduction, proper control devices need to be installed and operated according to the emission characteristics of aldehydes.