• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.558-566
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• 1998

Two isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX) have been identified - COX-1, which is constitlitively expressed in most tissues, and the inducible form, COX-2, of which expression is induced by inflammatory signals and mitogens. It has been considered that the beneficial effects of NSAIDs are due to the inhibition of COX-2 activity and the side effects are from the inhibition of COX-1 activity. Therefore, it is essential to develop selective COX-2 inhibitor for developing new GI-tolerable NSAIDS. To discover new leads for developing selective COX-2 inhibitors, three-hundred extracts of natural products were primarily screened with the system of prostaglandin accumulation in LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. To identify whether these inhibitory activities of crude extracts on the accumulation of Prostaglandins were derived from direct action against COX-2, the effects of selected extracts on exogenous arachidonic acid-derived production of prostaglandins by LPS-stimulated macrophages were determined. Among them, 5 methanol extracts of natural products, such as Zingiberis Rhizoma, Alpinae Officinarum Rhizoma, Caryophilli Flos, Scutellariae Radix, Dalbergia ordorifera. inhibited more than 70% of the prostaglandin production in LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages at a con-centration of 1${\mu}$g/ml.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.153-164
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• 2005

Purpose : This study was designed to make a basis of in vivo or clinical study about colporrhea. Methods : This study is based on Yang's study, An investigation on the prescriptions of colporrhea(1999). We investigate the prescriptions in the Yang's study and examine the frequency of metioned single herb. Also we investigate the herb's classification. Results and Conclusion : 1) Single herb frequently used in the prescriptions was as follows. (()- Frequency) Paeoniae Radix Alba白芍藥(16), Glycyrrhizae Radix甘草(15), Poria白茯?(13),　Angelicae gigantis Radix當歸, Citri Pericapium陳皮(11), Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma白朮(10), Zingiberis Rhizoma乾薑　, Atractylodis Rhizoma蒼朮, Ailanthi Cortex樗根白皮, Phellodendri Cortex黃柏, Ginseng Radix人蔘, Cyperi Rhizoma香附子(9),　Dioscoreae Rhizoma山藥, Corni Fructus山茱萸, Bupleuri Radix柴胡, Cnidii Rhizoma川芎, Gardeniae Fructus梔子(8), Rehmanniae Radix preparat熟地黃, Pinelliae Rhizoma半夏(7), Foeniculi Fructus小茴香, Scutellariae Radix黃芩, Angelicae dahuricae Radix白芷, Cinnamomi肉桂(5), CortexAlismatis Rhizoma澤瀉, Moutan Cortex牧丹皮, Aconiti iateralis preparata Radix附子, Plantaginis Semen車前子(4), Ostreae Concha牡蠣, Euphorbiae pekinensis Radix大戟, Aucklandiae Radix木香, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma大黃, Ledebouriellae Radix防風, Astragali Radix黃?, Rehmanniae Radix生地黃, Daphnis genkwa Flos莞花, Evodiae Fructus吳茱萸, Euphorbiae kansui Radix甘遂(3) 2) Herbs specifically frequently used in the prescriptions of colporrhea were as follows. Atractylodis Rhizoma蒼朮, Ailanthi Cortex樗根白皮, Phellodendri Cortex黃柏, Cyperi Rhizoma香附子, Bupleuri Radix柴胡, Gardeniae Fructus梔子　3)Herbs frequently used were classified by herbal medicine's classification. The　result was as follows. (()-The number of herbs)　補益藥（1９). 淸熱藥(18). 解表藥(10), 收澁藥(9), 溫裏藥(7), 理氣藥(6), 利水?濕藥(6), 瀉下藥（５)

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2002

According to the literatural study on the utility of TaeWonEum, the results were as follows 1. TaeWonEum is the prescription originally registered on Zang jie Bin's ${\ll}$Jing-Yue-Quan-Shu${\gg}$ and because of the dificiency of the renmai, the chongmai in women, it is made for the discomfort of the pregnancy 2. On the treatment of miccarriage, they were used to the methods of tonificating qi and blood, tonificating insufficiency, making flesh, eliminating wind, tonificating the spleen, clearing heat, eliminating stagnant blood, tonificating blood, growing zhang qi, etc but it is almostly used to the method of tonificating qi and blood 3. TaeWonEum is used on the purposes of tonificating the spleen and stomach, qi and blood, on the case of both the discomfort of the pregnancy by the dificiency of the renmai, the chongmai in women, and the insufficiency of fetal growth by the difficiency of the spleen and stomach, qi and blood 4. The symptoms can be used which are the fetal problem of incipient pregnancy, quickening, lumbago, distension, pallor, weakness of the mind, dizziness, cold, anorexia 5. The additional methods of TaeWonEum are as follows when much turbid enuresis is concerned, Disscoreae Rhizoma, Psoraleae Fructus, Schizandrae Fructus can be added when a patient is very difficient of qi, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma is doubled and Astragali Radix can be added when a patient is often vomiting with asthenia-cold, Typhae Pollen can be added when a patient has fever and weak, Scutellariae Radix or Rehmanniae Radix can be added and E ucommiae Cortex can be subtracted when a patient has the colicky pain because of the difficiency of yin, Lycii Fructus can be added when a patient is at a great rage and qi is ascenting, Cyperi Rhizoma or Amomi Fructus can be added when a patient has hemorrage with trauma, Dipsaci Radix, Asini Gelatinum can be added when a patient's vomiting can not be reduced, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens can be added

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.82-97
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• 2016

Objective : The aim of this study was to search and analyze the herbal combinations in formulas used to treat atopic dermatitis in Korean medicine. Methods : Articles on the atopy were searched for from among those registered on the OASIS up to December, 2015. After the articles were reviewed, information on both internal and external formulas for atopy was constructed. Then, the herbal combination in the formulas was analyzed by using frequency distribution, network analysis, and data mining. Results : The combination of 'Saposhnikovia Radix - Schizonepetae Spica' and 'Scutellariae Radix - Phellodendri Cortex ' was mostly used in both internal and external formulas to treat atopy in articles. By using the network analysis and data mining, twelve combinations including ' (Saposhnikovia Radix, Ponciri Fructus Pericarpium) - (Platycodi Radix, Schizonepetae Spica) ' were discovered. Five effective combinations were also searched for external formulas.Conclusions : This study could help researchers to analyze the formulas in various ways. Moreover, the herbal combination in atopy formulas could be used to search for atopy formulas in other databases or make a new prescription.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.77-100
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• 2020

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate recent clinical studies on the effect of herbal medicine for pediatric tonsillitis in China, and to seek better methods to treat and study for pediatric tonsillitis in Republic of Korea. Methods We searched clinical studies from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) by search formula (SU='扁桃体炎'+'扁桃炎'+'扁桃腺炎'+'乳蛾'+'喉蛾'+'蚕蛾'+'石蛾'+'珠蛾'+'肉蛾'+'乳蛾風'+爛乳風'+'tonsillitis') and (SU='中樂'+'中医樂'+'本草'+'湯'+'丸'+'散'+'方'+'顆粒'+'膠囊'+'自擬'+'herb'+'herbal'+'decoction'+'remedy'+'Chinese medicine'+'Korean medicine'+'kampo'+'formula'+'herbal drug'+'Chinese drug'+'plant'+'Chinese prescription'+'traditional medicine'+'Medicine, East Asian Traditional'+'Herbal Medicine') in professional search from January 2016 to August 2020. We analyzed the literature focusing on the treatment methods and results. Results Among 1464 searched studies, 35 randomized controlled trials were selected and analyzed. In most studies, the effectiveness of oral administration of herbal medicine on pediatric tonsillitis was significant. Most commonly used herbs were Fructus Forsythiae (連翹), Radix Glycyrrhizae (甘草), Radix Scutellariae (黃芩), Herba Menthae (薄荷), Fructus Arctii (牛蒡子), Radix Scrophulariae (玄蔘), Radix Platycodi (桔梗), Flos Lonicerae (金銀花), Radix Isatidis (板藍根), Radix Bupleuri (柴胡), Fructus Gardeniae (梔子), Rhizoma Belamcandae (射干), Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (大黃), Gypsum Fibrosum (石膏). Conclusions By analyzing the improvement of indicators such as total effective rate, cured rate, symptom disappearance time and symptom score, we found that herbal medicine treatment can help improve pediatric tonsillitis. However, additional studies are needed to solidify these findings.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.348-357
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• 2003

Objectives : The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the effects of Aucklandiae Radix Moschus(木香 麝香)and to study the mechanism for neuronal death protection in hypoxia with Embryonic day 20 (E20) cortical cells of a rat (Sprague Dawley). Methods : E20 cortical cells used in this investigation were dissociated in Neurobasal media and grown for 14 days in vitro (DIV). On 14 DIV, Aucklandiae Radix Moschus(木香 麝香) was added to the culture media for 72 hrs. On 17 DIV, cells were given a hypoxic shock and further incubated in normoxia for another three days. On 20 DIV, Moschus(麝香)'s effects for neuronal death protection were evaluated by LDH assay and the mechanisms were studied by Bcl-2, Bak, Bax, caspase family. Results : This study indicate that Aucklandiae Radix(木香)'s effects for neuronal death protection in normoxia and Scutellariae Radix(麝香)'s effects for neuronal death protection in hypoxia were confirmed by LDH assay in culture method of Embryonic day 20(E20) cortical neuroblast. Moschus(麝香)'s mechanism for neuronal death protection in hypoxia is to increase the anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2. Conclusions : It may be reasonable to propose that Moschus(麝香) protects delayed neuronal death in hypoxia by increasing Bcl-2, thereby reducing mitochondrial permeability transition(PT) pores, the cytochrome c channels.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 1974

Some crude drugs in ancient literatures have been used as traditional therapeutic agent of leucorrhea mainly caused by Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans. Sixty six kinds of crude drugs in ancient literatures and ten constituents were selected as sample drugs. Trichomycin standard was tested to compare with the above drugs. To determine the anti-fungal effect of these drugs on Candida albicans Yu 1200, a test organism, screening test was conducted. Antifungal activities of crude drug water extracts were observed by means of two test methods : firstly through the agar slant method and secondly the counting chamber method which was used for acknowledged drug agents upon the result of the agar slant method. And in order to improve the fungicidal effect, the organisms were stained with 0.02% methylene blue solution. The results of the above test indicated that Fritillariae Rhizoma has antifungal action in the concentration of 310mcg/ml, Coptidis Rhizoma in 620mcg/ml, Meliae Cortex, Scutellariae Radix both in 5,000mcg/ml. Baicalin, catechol among the pure isolated constituents inhibited in the range of 50mcg/ml. This score was based on 50% inhibition in comparison with amounts of control organisms. Rhei Rhizoma, Mori Radicis Cortex, Linderae Radix, and Amomi globosi Fructus showed the antifungal effect moderately in 5,000mcg/ml, and baicalein and pectolinarin in 50mcg/ml in the limit of between 35% and 50% antifungal activity. Staining with 0.02% methylene blue showed that any of the crude drug extracts was unable to stain the cells, but trichomycin in 0.86unit/ml able to stain 12% of the cells. This result means that crude drugs probably do not have fungicidal but fungistatic action.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.93-110
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• 2008

We got some conclusion about the function of five tastes from individual peculiarity, from "Sanghanjapbyeongnon(傷寒雜病論)" by Sungmoogi, like below. 1. Five tastes[五味] have their general function, but herbs of one tastes, each has special function, we can define it as individual peculiarity 2. For example, sour taste generally make it convergent, astringent. The sourness of Paeoniae Radix Alba[芍藥] can convergent resin, and be help nutrition, but same of Phaseoli Semen[赤小豆] can make him vomit. 3. Bitterness generally make it down, dry, and solid. Scutellariae Radix[黃芩], Coptidis Rhizoma[黃連] can bring down fever of heart and spleen, but Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma[大黃] eliminates solid illness. 4. Sweetness make it strong, harmonic, relax. Sweetness of Glycyrrhizae Radix[甘草] flows into spleen, make it relax the part of beneath heart. Puerariae Radix[葛根] can make scatter the cold on skin. 5. General nature of hot taste is diffusion, sheen, rampancy. Cinnam omi Ramulus[桂技] eliminates the Pung(風) in Wigi(衛氣). same Zingiberis Rhi zoma[乾薑] make inner cold scattered, and warm stomach. 6. Salty make Gi(氣) down, and slacken solidity, salty Natrii Sulfas[芒硝]removes heat of body. But Alismatis Rhizoma[澤瀉] removes needless water. 7. To know peculiarity of each herb, not only one taste but other combined tastes, and areas medical, agricultural, biologic, etc.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.101-115
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of herbal medicine as a treatment method in the case studies on warts in Korea, to identify trends in herbal medicines and herbal prescriptions according to the characteristics of individual patients and to systematically analyze concurrent therapies. Methods : Domestic databases (OASIS, RISS, NDSL, KTKP, KISS, KISTI, KISTI) were used to search for case studies related to the herbal medicine treatment of warts. There was no restriction on the time of publication. A total of 9 papers were selected. Results : A total of 13 prescriptions were presented 23 times in 18 cases. Among them, bojungikgi-tang gamibang(補中益氣湯加減方) was the most frequently prescribed. Gwakhyangjeonggi-san gamibang(藿香正氣散加減方) and Damsoeun-tang gagam were the next most frequently prescribed. 69 herbs were used in a total of 13 prescriptions. Herbs were commonly classified as heat-clearing medicine(淸熱藥), exterior-releasing medicine(解表藥), and tonifying and replenishing medicine(補益藥) in descending order. The herbs used more than 6 times included Coicis Semen(薏苡仁), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(甘草) (10 times), Bupleuri Radix(柴胡), and Scutellariae Radix(黃芩) (6 times). Concurrent therapies were performed except for 1 study, and they were acupuncture, moxibustion, pharmacopuncture, external agents, and cupping therapy. Conclusions : This is the first study to analyze the use of herbal medicine as a treatment method for warts in case studies performed in Korea. We hope that this study would give helpful information about the treatment of warts in clinical practices.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.358-366
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of glycynhizin, active glycosides of Glycyrrhizae Radix, and baicalin, bioactive flavonoid isolated from Scutellariae Radix, on hepatocyte injury induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl$_4$, 10 mM), tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBH, 0.5 mM), and D-galactosamine (GaIN, 30 mM). Primary cultures of rat hepatocyte (18 hr cultured) were treated with CCl$_4$, TBH, or GaIN and various concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ${\mu}$M) of glycyrrhizin or baicalin. Activity was accessed by determining the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aminotransferses. CCl$_4$ significantly increased the levels of LDH, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and these increases were prevented by baicalin concentrations of 0.1,1, and 100 ${\mu}$M. The increases in ALT and AST levels were reduced by glycyrrhizin concentration of 100 ${\mu}$M. The level of LDH was markedly increased by TBH, and this increase was reduced by both glycyrrhizin and baicalin. ALT and AST levels were increased by TBH, which were prevented by glycynhizin and bacalin, respectively: GaIN markedly increased the levels of LDH, ALT and AST These increases was significantly reduced by both glycyrrhizin and baicalin. These results suggest that glycynhizin and baicalin possess the hepatoprotective activity.