• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1553-1558
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of stocking density or group size on feed intake, daily gain, and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo (Korean indigenous breed) steers reared from 7 months to 31 months of age. Thirty Hanwoo steers were divided into four groups with three replicates each (a total of 12 pens). In each group, one (G1), two (G2), three (G3), and four steers (G4) per pen were allocated as treatments. Pen size was $32.0m^2$, and therefore Hanwoo steers in G1, G2, G3, and G4 were reared under different space allowances, i.e. 32.0, 16.0, 10.6, and $8.0m^2$/steer, respectively. Steers were reared following a conventional beef cattle management method in Korea, and were offered a fixed amount of commercial concentrate with ad libitum forages. Results were subjected to analysis of variance with stocking density as the main effect, and significance was declared at p<0.05. Although total feed intake was not significantly altered, it numerically increased in animals of low stocking density (G1) compared to those subjected to high stocking density treatment (i.e. G4). Feed conversion ratio was higher (p<0.05) in G3 compared to G1 and G2. Animals in G1 (low stocking density) grew faster (p<0.05) than those of high stocking density (G3 and G4). Back fat thickness, meat yield index, and meat yield grade were similar among all levels of stocking density. However, longissimus muscle area was larger in G1 and G2 (p<0.01) compared to G3 and G4, and animals in G3 produced smaller carcasses (p<0.05). Carcass quality traits, including marbling score, meat color, fat color, texture, maturity and meat quality grade, as determined by a group of experts, were not significantly different among the treatments. In conclusion, lower stocking density resulted in increased feed efficiency, daily gain, and carcass weight in Hanwoo steers. However it remains unclear whether such differences are the results of stocking density or group size, or a combination of both. Nonetheless, these results confirm previous studies reporting a negative effect of increased stocking density on animal productivity. Further, animal welfare under an intensive farming system in relation to economical return is discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.827-830
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• 2013

To evaluate the effects of feeding four different levels of starter in male Holstein dairy calves, a completely randomized study was conducted, using 28 calves with initial body weight of $40.5{\pm}2.4$ kg. The animals were fed iso-nitrogenous starter and were weaned when they consumed 350, 500, 650 and 800 g/d of starter for 3 d consecutively. Starter and water were available ad-libitum throughout the experiment. Body weight at pre-weaning (less than 5 wk) and post-weaning (8 wk) was lower in calves that received 350 g/d of starter than in the other treatments (p<0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was the highest among all treatments in pre-weaning period (p<0.05). Dry matter intake (DMI) at weaning and total DMI was higher in that calves received 800 g/d of starter compared with other treatments (p<0.05). Calves fed 350 and 500 g/d of starter were weaned earlier (p<0.05) and showed lower milk consumption (kg, DM) compared with other treatments whereas no significant difference was observed between calves fed 350 and 500 g/d of starter (p>0.05). Dry matter, organic matter and crude protein digestibilities were lower in calves that received 350 g/d of starter compared with other treatments (p<0.05). No differences were observed in acid detergent and neutral detergent fiber digestibility among all treatments (p>0.05).Treatments had no significant effect on time of starting rumination, respiratory score, and days of drug administration for pneumonia. There were no meaningful differences in feces, fecal odor scores, body temperature, and days of drug administration for diarrhea among all treatments (p>0.05). Total dry matter intake at the end of experiment showed no significant difference among calves fed 600 and 800 g/d of starter, but calves fed 350 and 500 g/d of starter showed more dry matter (DM) intake than calves in the 600 and 800 g/d groups (p<0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1599-1609
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• 2020

Objective: This study was designed to determine how feeding diets differing in crude protein (CP) and undegraded intake protein (UIP) levels affected productivity, blood metabolites, carcass characteristics, and the production economics of Hanwoo steers. Methods: Thirty-six Hanwoo steers (age = 8.2±0.5 mo; body weight = 254±16.1 kg) were assigned at random to one of three treatments (4 steers/pen; 3 pens/treatment): i) a low-CP diet (LP; control) containing 12.1% CP with 35.1% UIP, 12.0% CP with 36.8% UIP, and 12.9% CP with 48.8% UIP, in the growing, fattening, and finishing periods, respectively; ii) a high-CP, low-UIP diet (HPLU) containing 15.0% CP with 33.7% UIP, 14.0% CP with 35.7% UIP, and 13.1% CP with 46.7% UIP, respectively; and iii) a high-CP, high-UIP diet (HPHU) containing 15.0% CP with 45.8% UIP, 14.0% CP with 44.6% UIP, and 13.0% CP with 51.1% UIP, respectively. Results: The treatments did not affect feed intake and growth performance, except for average daily gain during the fattening period that tended to be the lowest (p = 0.08) in the HPLU-fed steers. The feed CP conversion ratio over the entire feeding period was higher with high-CP diets. The treatments did not affect most blood metabolites; however, blood cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein concentrations during the fattening and finishing periods were the lowest in steers fed a HPLU diet. The treatments had negligible effects on cold carcass weight, yield traits including longissimus muscle area, backfat thickness, yield index, and yield grade, plus quality traits including meat color, fat color, texture, and maturity. However, marbling score and frequency of carcass quality grade 1⁺⁺ were greater in HPHU-fed steers. Conclusion: Feeding diets with higher CP and UIP levels did not affect growth performance but tended to improve the carcass quality of Hanwoo steers, resulting in greater economic return.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.60 no.7
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• pp.227-231
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to verify the safety of low-dose topiramate on language development in pediatric patients with migraine. Methods: Thirty newly diagnosed pediatric patients with migraine who needed topiramate were enrolled and assessed twice with standard language tests, including the Test of Language Problem Solving Abilities (TOPs), Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Test, Urimal Test of Articulation and Phonology, and computerized speech laboratory analysis. Data were collected before treatment, and topiramate as monotherapy was sustained for at least 3 months. The mean follow-up period was $4.3{\pm}2.7months$. The mean topiramate dosage was 0.9 mg/kg/day. Results: The patient's mean age was $144.1{\pm}42.3months$ (male-to-female ratio, 9:21). The values of all the language parameters of the TOPs were not changed significantly after the topiramate treatment as follows: Determine cause, from $15.0{\pm}4.4$ to $15.4{\pm}4.8$ (P>0.05); making inference, from $17.6{\pm}5.6$ to $17.5{\pm}6.6$ (P>0.05); predicting, from $11.5{\pm}4.5$ to $12.3{\pm}4.0$ (P>0.05); and total TOPs score, from $44.1{\pm}13.4$ to $45.3{\pm}13.6$ (P>0.05). The total mean length of utterance in words during the test decreased from $44.1{\pm}13.4$ to $45.3{\pm}13.6$ (P<0.05). The Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Test results decreased from $97.7{\pm}22.1$ to $96.3{\pm}19.9months$, and from $81.8{\pm}23.4$ to $82.3{\pm}25.4months$, respectively (P>0.05). In the articulation and phonology validation in both groups, speech pitch and energy were not significant, and all the vowel test results showed no other significant values. Conclusion: No significant difference was found in the language-speaking ability between the patients; however, the number of vocabularies used decreased. Therefore, topiramate should be used cautiously for children with migraine.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.48-54
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• 2020

DMSMS (Diminishing Manufacturing Sources and Material Shortage) is increased by developing the scientific technique and downsizing the military part market. DMSMS affects the increase in total life cycle costs and serviceability. Therefore, advance control for parts is important to reduce the cost, and a database is needed to share information on the DMSMS. A task needs to be performed continuously by setting the major control item to management more efficiently. The purpose of this study was to deduce the major control item for the DMSMS management system. Thus, the pre-control item basis of the DAPA (Defense Acquisition Program Administration) Manual and the SD-22 Manual were first selected, and the results of the survey were analyzed by AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. Fifteen of the detailed items were stratified into three criteria (Impact, Probability, and cost of the DMSMS), and each weight for the items was calculated using a nine-point scale survey. The AHP survey was executed with 25 specialists in the DMSMS management field, and the score of consistency ratio over 0.1 was excluded. The model explained the results and suggested future directions for development.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1605-1611
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• 2017

Objective: Following a previous report, an experiment was conducted to determine the effect of increasing level of dried stoned olives pomaces (DSOP) in the diet of lactating buffaloes on milk and mozzarella cheese yield and characteristics. Methods: Sixteen pluriparous buffaloes distributed into two groups were fed an isoenergetic (0.9 milk forage unit/kg) and isoprotein (149 g/kg dry matter [DM] of crude protein) diet, with or without DSOP. Each animal received 17 kg DM/d. Samples of forages and concentrates were weekly collected and used for duplicate chemical analyses. Individual milk samples from each control were analyzed for chemical and coagulating parameters and daily production of mozzarella cheese was estimated. At the end of the trial, bulk milk of each group was processed to produce mozzarella cheese and chemical (fat, protein, ash, pH) composition, fatty acids composition, carotenoids and tocopherols content were determined. A sensory test was also performed. The oxidative stability was measured on mozzarella cheese and on governing liquid. Results: No significant differences were observed, neither for milk yield and body condition score, nor for milk characteristics. The fat was higher (p<0.05) in mozzarella of DSOP fed group but, saturated fatty acids were lower and unsaturated higher (p<0.01). Furthermore, lower atherogenic (p<0.01), and thrombogenic (p<0.05) indices were found in mozzarella cheese of DSOP fed group. In addition, the administration of DSOP did not affect the mozzarella cheese oxidative stability and no negative effect was found in the sensory properties. Conclusion: No contraindications appeared for the inclusion of DSOP in the diet of lactating buffaloes. Besides, important effects on mozzarella cheese quality were obtained, such as a modification of fat content and attributes with an increment in the mono-unsaturated. Additionally, a lower saturated/unsaturated ratio and atherogenic and thrombogenic indices suggest an improvement of dietetic and nutritional characteristics of mozzarella cheese.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.446-453
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• 2004

In this paper, a new adaptive perceptual filter using variable threshold to enhance audio signals degraded by additively nonstationary noise is proposed. The adaptive perceptual filter updates variable threshold each time according to the power of signal and the effect of noise variation. So the noisy audio signal is enhanced by the method which controls a residual noise effectively. The proposed algorithm uses the perceptual filter which transforms a time domain signal into frequency domain and calculates an intensity energy and an excitation energy in bark domain. In this method. the stage updated the response of filter is decided by threshold. The proposed algorithm using vairable threshold effectively controls a residual noise using the energy difference of audio signals degraded by the additive nonstationary noise. The proposed method is tested with the noisy audio signals degraded by nonstationary noise at various signal -to-noise ratios (SNR). We carry out NMR and MOS test when the input SNR is 15dB. 20dB. 25dB and 30dB. An approximate improvement of 17.4dB. 15.3dB, 12.8dB. 9.8dB in NMR and enhancement of 2.9, 2.5, 2.3, 1.7 in MOS test is achieved with the input signals. respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.701-711
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• 2000

To provide the baseline information for establishing community based nutritional service system in the context of health promotion, we conducted nutrition survey for 196 adults (male ; 99, female ; 97) in Kyungpook area. Individual food intake was measured by 24-hour recall method, and then diet quality was evaluated by Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) and Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR). Average dietary intake of Ca and Vit A of total subjects were lower than Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances (Ca; 83% of RDA, Vit A; 77% of RDA). On the whole, mean nutrients intake of male subjects were higher than that of female subjects. It also appeared that overall nutrients intake of younger women (20~29 yr) were lower than that of other age group. When we evaluated the nutrients intake of the subjects by INQ, Vit C (=2.39) showed the highest score. Ca (=0.89) and Vit A (=0.84) were revealed to be concerned nutrients in both quantity and quality. There was almost no difference in MAR between men and women (Men ; 0.88, Women ; 0.86). MAR showed significantrly positive correlation with age (p<0.05), meal frequency (p<0.001) and negative correlation with education level (p<0.01) in women, whereas no statistically significant relationship among these variables was observed in men. Age and meal frequency showed significantly positive correlation with most nutrients intakes among women. In conclusion, nutrition education strategies for sound food choice and regular meals need to be developed to improve the nutritional adequacy of female adults in the 20's.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 2009

Purpose: The appropriate management of traumatic truncal arterial injury is often difficult to determine, particularly if the injury is associated with severe additional truncal lesions. The timing of repair is controversial when patients arrive alive at the hospital. Also, there is an argument about surgery versus stent-graft repair. This study's objective was to evaluate the appropriate method and the timing for treatment in cases of truncal abdominal injury associated with other abdominal lesions. Methods: The medical records at Ajou University Medical Center were reviewed for an 8-year period from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2008. Twelve consecutive patients, who were diagnosed as having had a traumatic truncal arterial injury, were enrolled in our study. Patients who were dead before arriving at the hospital or were not associated with abdominal organ injury, were excluded. All patients involved were managed by using the ATLS (Advanced Trauma Life Support) guideline. Data on injury site, the timing and treatment method of repair, the overall complications, and the survival rate were collected and analyzed. Results: Every case showed a severe injury of more than 15 point on the ISS (injury severity score) scale. The male-to-female ratio was 9:3, and patients were 41 years old on the average. Sites of associated organ injury were the lung, spleen, bowel, liver, pelvic bone, kidney, heart, vertebra, pancreas, and diaphragm ordered from high frequency to lower frequency. There were 11 cases of surgery, and one case of conservative treatment. Two of the patients died after surgery for truncal organ injury: one from excessive bleeding after surgery and the other from multiple organ failure. Arterial injuries were diagnosed by using computed tomography in every case and 9 patients were treated by using an angiographic stent-graft repair. There were 3 patients whose vessels were normal on admission. Several weeks later, they were diagnosed as having a truncal arterial injury. Conclusion: In stable rupture of the truncal artery, initial conservative management is safe and allows management of the major associated lesions. Stent grafting of the truncal artery is a valuable therapeutic alternative to surgical repair, especially in patients considered to be a high risk for a conventional thoracotomy.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.305-309
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• 1994

Precooked powder of redbean porridge (RP) was prepared by the series of process extrusion, drying, milling and blending with a mixture of whole redbean flour and corn starch and others. The optimum process and quality of products for RP were investigated. After extrusion under the moisture content 24 to 26%, twin screw speed 350 rpm, extrusion temperature 150 to $155^{\circ}C$ and feed rate 60 kg/hr, the product had a higher quality with its natural redbean flavor/color. During the extrusion process, extrusion temperature and specific mechanical energy increased from 150 to $198^{\circ}C$ and from 134 to 144 kwh/ton respectively, as the amount of addition water decreased from 6 to 2 kg/hr. By the hot air drying of redbean extrudate (RE). it could be dried below to 4% moisture content, of which level considered as an optimal moisture content for anti-caking of the powdered product, at $80^{\circ}C$ for 4hrs and at $100^{\circ}C$ for 1.5 hrs respectively. In the sieve analysis of extrudate powder, when the product milled through a mesh size of 0.5 mm or 1.0 mm, about 80% or 65% of the feed was passed a 65 mesh screen respectively. Moisture absorption of final blended products was formed a cake under 100% of relative humidity after 13 hrs of storage. As the amount of RE powder reduced, the flavor score of products decreased by sensory evaluation of products prepared by the different ratio of RE powder, corn starch and sugar.