• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.669-676
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• 2023

This study analyzed the relationship between major parameters and numerical analysis results according to various excavations conducted around the urban railway, application of machine learning techniques and verified the scope of influence of the adjacent excavation on the existing urban railway box structure and the appropriateness of the safety area. This study targeted the actual negotiated adjacent excavation works and box structures around the urban railway, and the analysis was conducted on the most representative two-line box structures. The analysis confirmed that the difference in depth of urban railway, excavation depth of adjacent excavation, and depth of underground water level are important parameters, and the difference in excavation depth of adjacent excavation is the parameter that affects the behavior of underground box structures and is an important requirement for setting safety areas. In particular, the deeper the depth of the adjacent excavation work, the greater the effect on the deflection of the underground box structure, and the horizontal separation distance, one of the important requirements for determining the management grade of the existing adjacent excavation work, is relatively small.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1061-1061
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• 2001

The scope of precision agriculture is to reach the put up cultivation goals by adjusting inputs as precise as possible after what is required by the soil and crop potentials, on a high spatial resolution. Consequently, precision agriculture is also often called site specific agriculture. Regulation of field inputs “on the run” has been made possible by the GPS (Geographical Position System)-technology, which gives the farmer his exact real time positioning in the field. The general goal with precision agriculture is to apply inputs where they best fill their purpose. Thus, resources could be saved, and nutrient losses as well as the impact on the environment could be minimized without lowering total yields or putting product quality at risk. As already indicated the technology exists to regulate the input based on beforehand decisions. However, the real challenge is to provide a reliable basis for decision-making. To support high spatial resolution, extensive sampling and analysis is required for many soil and plant characteristics. The potential of the NIR-technology to provide rapid, low cost analyses with a minimum of sample preparation for a multitude of characteristics therefore constitutes a far to irresistible opportunity to be un-scrutinized. In our work we have concentrated on soil-analysis. The instrument we have used is a Bran Lubbe InfraAlyzer 500 (1300-2500 nm). Clay- and organic matter-contents are soil constituents with major implications for most properties and processes in the soil system. For these constituents we had a 3000-sample material provided. High performance models for the agricultural areas in Sweden have been constructed for clay-content, but a rather large reference material is required, probably due to the large variability of Swedish soils. By subdividing Sweden into six areas the total performance was improved. Unfortunately organic matter was not as easy to get at. Reliable models for larger areas could not be constructed. However, through keeping the mineral fraction of the soil at minimal variation good performance could be achieved locally. The influence of a highly variable mineral fraction is probably one of the reasons for the contradictory results found in the literature regarding organic matter content. Tentative studies have also been performed to elucidate the potential performance in contexts with direct operational implications: lime requirement and prediction of plant uptake of soil nitrogen. In both cases there is no definite reference method, but there are numerous indirect, or indicator, methods suggested. In our study, field experiments where used as references and NIR was compared with methods normally used in Sweden. The NIR-models performed equally or slightly better as the standard methods in both situations. However, whether this is good enough is open for evaluation.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.135-150
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• 2009

Existing bibliometric laws have been established on the basis of well defined science journals with a long history. However, the history of technology innovation research in Korea is young and the scope of the research is diverse compared with other fields. The main purpose of this research can be summarized as follows : Can the traditional bibliometric laws be used to explain the young and diverse data derived from technology innovation studies in Korea. Second, we want to compare the explain ability of the power law, compared with the traditional laws in the field. Third, we propose a quasi index related to the well-known impact factor to measure the contribution of a journal or a group of journals to the development of innovation research in Korea. We confirmed Lotka's and Bradford's laws which are used to measure the productivity of researchers, but we could not support the validity of Price's Square Root law as Nicholls (1998) could not. On the citations to journals, Garfield's laws is not observed. However, the power law fits well the citations to author, journal, article, and book. The estimated parameters between 1.6 and 3.5 are similar to the values in the range of 1.5 and 3 in previous studies. Finally the quasi index shows that the influence of international leading journals on innovation research in Korea is weaker than on innovation studies in the world.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.6_1
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• pp.1437-1449
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze whether pervious and impervious areas in urban areas affect tree growth. In order to determine the differences in the growth of six species of trees planted simultaneously, the effects of pervious and impervious surfaces on tree growth were analyzed using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) produced using Sentinel-2 and sub-divided land cover map from the Ministry of Environment. For this purpose, the Geospatial eXplainable Artificial Intelligence(GeoXAI) concept was applied. As a result of the analysis, the explanatory power of the model was found to be the best when considering the area of land cover included in the 10m range for Pinus densiflora, the 20 m range for Zelkova Serrata, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, and Ginkgo biloba, the 30 m range for Platanus occidentalis, and the 40 m range for Yoshino cherry trees. In addition, the wider the pervious area, the more active the growth of trees,showing a positive correlation, and the wider the impervious area, such as nearby artificial ground, showed a negative correlation with tree growth. This shows that surrounding pervious and impervious areas affect the growth of trees and that the scope of influence varies depending on the tree species.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.146-173
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• 2014

Extant studies have explained that firm's innovations including technological product and process innovations contribute to its competitive advantage and growth, thereby supporting competitiveness and growth of industry. These studies, however, have focused mainly on the role and effect of technological change that is primarily measured by the patent numbers and R&D intensity. Aside from these traditional streams, there has been growing interest on the impact by various dimensions of innovation including non-technological innovations. Apart from the discussions on the dimensions and scope of innovation, stages or processes of innovation also have been studied. Extant studies on innovation process model, however, has limited its interests in the structure of the transformation of knowledge. This study have established a comprehensive model embracing operational and financial performance to investigate the causal paths between innovation and firm performance. Using multi-level generalized linear model with path analysis, this study have found results as follows: First, the processes from innovative activities to innovation output and outcomes including operational and financial performance at firm level were verified. Secondly, the influence of innovation decreases gradually as the distance away from the direct outputs of the innovation increase in the direction of financial outcomes. Third, the effect of innovation on the sales growth rate is higher for small businesses than for medium-sized businesses. The effect of innovation on the profit rate, however, is significant only for medium-sized businesses. For large businesses, innovation has no positive significant impact on any financial performance at all. Fourth, Fourth, the appropriability of innovation has positive impacts on innovative performance, patent applications, and operational performance.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.781-787
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• 2009

This report investigates the economic proprieties of commercial 50,000 barrel per day direct/indirect coal liquefaction(DCL/ICL) plants to produce commercial-grade diesel and naphtha liquids. The scope of the study includes capital and operating cost estimates, sensitivity analyses and a comparative financial analyses. Based on plant capacity of 50,000BPD, employing Illinois #6 bituminous coal as feed coal, the total capital cost appeared $3,994,858,000(DCL) and $4,962,263,000(ICL). Also, the internal rate of return of DCL/ICL appeared 13.27% and 12.68% on the base condition respectively. In this case, coal price and sale price of products were the most influence factors. And ICL's payback period(6.8 years) was longer than DCL's(6.6 years). According to sensitivity analyses, the important factors on both DCL/ICL processes were product sale price, feed coal price and the capital cost in order.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.107-114
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• 2018

Since China's economic reform in 1978, international trade has enormously flourished and the port industry is reckoned as a key factor contributing to this growth. This study examines the Bohai Rim port group in the scope of top three largest ports Qingdao, Dalian and Tianjin. By utilizing indicators including concentration ratio (CR), Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI), the Gini coefficient and the Lorenz curve as well as shift-share analysis (SSA), the concentration level of this port group in the period 2004-2016 is discussed. As a results, CR demonstrates a decrease during the studied period with a minor fluctuation, and HHI index shows a trend of deconcentration with Bohai Rim port group. In addition, SSA indicates that during the period 2004-2016, the overall shift index of Qingdao port was -1.371 meanwhile with Tianjin and Dalian port were 0.118 and 1.252 in turn. These results suggest that the growth in regional influence of Tianjin and Dalian ports would motivate to the deconcentration pattern in Bohai Rim region. The findings assist decision makers and scholars to obtain knowledge about the port development this region. Considering the geographic position of these three ports as the gate of northeast China, it is suggested that these three ports could explore their advantages and cooperate with the small ports in the surrounding area to enhance their influences in the future study.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.647-659
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• 2018

'Waiting for a Thousand Years & Mingling with World People-Gangneung Danoje Festival 2017 as an Important Intangible Cultural Property' is the festival with the longest history in Korea. In spite of its historical value, however, there are not many academic researches on the value of festival brand equity. Thus, the objective of this study is to empirically analyze the influence relationship between selection attributes of festival storytelling, brand equity, brand attitude, and brand loyalty through the structural equation model. Regarding the spatial scope of thesis material, a survey was conducted focusing on 657 tourists visiting the Gangneung Danoje Festival. In the results of verifying the hypotheses in accordance with the structural equation model, the selection attributes of festival storytelling had effects on the brand equity, and the brand equity had effects on the brand attitude and brand loyalty while the brand attitude had effects on the brand loyalty. Based on such results of this study, the implications could be suggested as follows. First, the local contents culture should be developed together with local experts and residents by finding its local custom. Second, the brand equity that could prioritize the strategy of characteristics should be increased by emphasizing the selection attributes of storytelling. Third, the phased development should be achieved through local residents' open participation by dividing roles of experts and non-experts as festival manpower.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.2 s.64
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• pp.121-128
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• 2006

The elements to enhance preference in symbol design are mainly related to consumers' response and aesthetic elements. Because certain aesthetic elements in design affect consumers' response and it is actually presented through (the different level of) preference. This study through surveying case studies examines whether a certain aesthetic element in symbol design gives rise to much preference. According to the result of study, high preference in symbolic design depends on high level of Rhythm, Balance, Harmony, Elaboration, Round, Gestalt, Organic, and Artificial/Natural among aesthetic elements. In comparison, it is founded that Simplicity/complexity, Objective/Abstract, depth, and symmetry should be designed at the moderate level, and proportion, repetition of elements be at the low level. Additionally(or Besides) this study makes out that symbol design cases with high preference have shapes from natural material or patterns of traditional culture, while cases with low preference have shapes from geometric figures. On the basis of these results, a guideline of symbol design could De offered(or suggested) to fit preference of consumers. But, this study is mostly concerned with only affect among emotional reactions of consumer in a scope of study, and is considered only in the aspect of form excluding color and texture.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.145-153
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• 2020

With the spread of the Korean Wave culture, the importance of the effects of Korean Wave contents and the direct and indirect effects on product purchase is increasing. In the early days, the Korean Wave started around K-Pop and K-Dramas, but now its scope has been expanded to include various contents. In the case of Vietnam, interest in K-Sports has recently increased, and the influence of K-SNS is also increasing. Accordingly, in this study, a research model was established and tested to investigate the relationship between product image and attitude toward Korean cosmetics, and purchase intention for Korean cosmetics consumers in Vietnam. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, among the four factors of Korean Wave contents, K-Pop, K-Drama, and K-SNS had a positive effect on product image, while K-Sports was found to have no significant effect. Second, it was confirmed that the product image of Korean cosmetics has a positive effect on product attitude, and the product attitude has a positive effect on purchase intention. Therefore, in the Vietnamese cosmetics market, it is suggested that focusing on the product image focusing on Korean Wave contents, and promoting activities can achieve effective results for the purchase intention of Vietnamese consumers.