• 영재교육연구
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 1995

The latest researchs show that students have their own preconceptions about scientific phenomena or theory before they learn about it in school. The preconceptions exert a great influence on the teaching and learning science. The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of intelligence and attitude to science on elementary school students were sampled from 4th and 6th grade. Data were obtained by IQ test and the questionnaires on scientific conception and attitude toward science. The result was analyzed by t-test, Correlation and ANOVA in the statistical packages SPSS/PC+. The major findings of this study are as follows : 1. The mean score of scientific conception of elementary school students was 12.89. The mean score of attitude to science was 247.29. The mean score of intelligence was 109.93. 2. The correlation coefficient between scientific conception and intelligence (r=.5098)was relatively high(p<.001). The correlation coefficient between attitude to science and scientific conception(r=.2364) was low(p<.001). 3. Significant difference on science conception was found among grade levels(p<.001). Significant difference on science conception was not found between sex (p>.05). 4. The subjects were divided into 4 groups by intelligence and attitude toward science. These 4 groups show the significant difference (p<.01) in the scientific conception. The groups of high of high intelligence showed high scientific conception.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.583-595
• /
• 2004

본 연구의 목적은 초등학생들의 힘에 대한 개념이 연모 실험을 설계하는 과정에 영향을 끼치고 있는 가를 탐색적으로 분석하는 것이다. 초등학교 6학년 학생 40명을 대상으로 힘에 대한 개념을 4개의 선다형 문항을 실시하여 응답 유형을 구분하였다. 힘 개념을 조사하는 문항과 짝을 이루도록 개발된 연모 실험의 4가지 과제를 동일한 학생들에게 해결하도록 하여 실험 설계 능력 중 가설 설정, 변인 통제 및 실험 방법의 요인으로 구분하여 조사하였다. 연구의 분석 결과 초등학생들을 힘에 대한 개념을 과학적 개념과 대안적 개념 집단으로 구별될 수 있었으며, 그 개념에 따라서 실험 설계 능력 중 가설 설정과 변인 통제 및 실험 방법에서 어떤 유형으로 구별되는 가를 분석하였는데, 과학적인 힘 개념을 가진 학생들이 연모 실험의 가설 설정과 변인 통제 및 실험 방법에서 차이를 보이지 못하였다. 이런 결과는 초등학생들의 힘 개념이 연모 실험을 설계하는데 아무런 영향을 주지 못하며, 결국 과학 개념이 실험을 설계하는데 긍정적인 역할을 하도록 한다는 가정이 유지되기 어렵다는 점을 시사받을 수 있었다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.92-99
• /
• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the conception of elementary school students on evaporation and condensation, and then to verify the types of the conception. Forty-eight children from six elementary schools were sampled by stratified random sampling in Seoul and other provinces. They responded to the questionaire and the interview. This study was carried out according to the process of the basic study, the preliminary study, and the main study. The materials collected were classified and analyzed according to the types of children's ideas. The findings of this study were as follows. 1. The vocabulary used to describe the evaporation phenomena varied according to the situations, and the scientific term "evaporation" was more frequently used by the older groups. 2. Most children answered that the last location of water were air/sky/cloud. Air/cloud which represents the scientific conception of the location of water were mentioned by children of all ages. The higher the grade of the children were, the more scientific conception the children mentioned, however. 3. Most children referred to the heat as the factor of evaporation. Wind, on the other hand was mentioned by less than 10% of lower graders, and by about 30% of higher graders. 4. The result of asking children whether they thought it was possible to get the evaporated water back showed that about 70% of lower graders denied the possibility of the water being reversible. About 60% of higher graders. however, recognized that the water will be returned as rain or condensation. This increase may be associated with formal teaching of water cycle. 5. In the ideas of evaporation and condensation, some of the children have supernatural ideas and animism, which are most younger chilren's characteristics.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제60권1호
• /
• pp.48-58
• /
• 2016

이 연구는 중학생들의 전해질과 이온 개념에서 나타나는 개념 변화 유형을 조사한 것이다. 자료수집은 9학년 학생들을 대상으로 전해질과 이온 수업 전후의 개념을 조사하고, 9명의 학생들을 대상으로 반구조화된 면담을 통해 이루어졌다. 면담내용을 모두 녹음하고 전사하였으며, 그리고 학생들의 응답을 유형별로 분류하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이온의 개념 변화 유형은 단순한 개념에서 정교화된 개념, 불완전한 개념에서 과학적 개념, 오개념에서 혼동된 개념, 오개념에서 오개념 등의 4가지로 분류되었다. 많은 학생들이 수업 전후 이온 개념 형성에 어려움을 겪고 있으며, 원자와 원자의 구성입자를 정확하게 구별하지 못하고 있었다. 둘째, 전해질 개념 변화 유형은 부분적 과학 개념에서 정교화된 개념, 오개념에서 부분적 오개념, 불완전한 개념에서 불완전한 개념, 오개념에서 오개념 등의 4가지로 분류되었다. 또한 다수의 학생들은 전해질과 비전해질의 차이점을 구분하는 것을 어려워하였다. 셋째, 연구 단원인 전해질과 이온은 교육과정에 따라 9학년 2학기에 편성되어 있고, 진학을 위한 내신성적 산출 등 바쁜 시기의 학습으로 학생들이 입자 개념 형성에 더욱 곤란을 겪고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 학생들이 입자의 과학적 개념을 변화시킬 수 있는 교수전략을 제시하였다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.145-156
• /
• 2000

Elementary school teachers' understandings about buoyancy were investigated through the questionnaire method. The questionnaire was composed of 4 questions on hydraulic pressure and 8 questions on buoyancy. The questions on buoyancy asked about the correlation of buoyancy with following basic concepts, density of liquid, volume of submerged object and so forth. 295 teachers on the 22 elementary schools in Busan, Yangsan and Gimhae were selected through random sampling method. The results of this study were summarized as follows: On the correlation of the magnitude and direction of hydraulic pressure with the depth of water, a large portion of the respondents had a scientific conception. But on the correlation of hydraulic pressure with density, the relatively small portion of them appeared to have a scientific conception. The respondents, on the whole, had a scientific conception about the correlation of buoyancy with density of liquid. But they seemed to have naive conceptions about the correlation of buoyancy with the volume of a submerged object and with the depth of water, the amount of water in container and the reduced amount of water by the object from container. We found that the respondents were context dependent and tended to search for solutions for the questions of buoyancy using the concept of pressure in the water. From above results, we suggested that in the would-be revised elementary science text book, the contents of pressure in the water should be introduced after the concept of weight in the water was gained.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.141-151
• /
• 2004

Pre-service teachers' understandings on magnet was investigated through the questionnaire method. The questionnaire was composed of 17 questions about the strength of magnet, the magnetized object and the direction of magnetic field around magnet. In this investigation study, 225 pre-service teachers were selected through random sampling method, who were sophomores in a National University of Education. The formation rate of the scientific conceptions on the strength of magnet was 30.3% and that on the direction of magnetic field around magnet was 53.9%. The average formation rate of scientific conception of all questions on magnet was 44.13%, which doesn't seem to be high as expected. It shows that many of subjects of the questionnaire don't understand fully the concept of moleclar magnet model and the superposition effects of magnetic field around magnet. The formation rate of the scientific conception on magnet of females who took courses in sciences in high school were higher than that of females who took courses in arts in high school, which had meaningful difference (p<.05).

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.563-570
• /
• 2005

이 연구는 중학생들의 과학 지식의 본성에 대한 이해와 개념 이해 및 학습 젼략 사이의 관계를 조사하였다. 인천 지역의 중학교 1학년 162명을 대상으로 과학 지식의 본성 검사와 학습 전략 검사를 실시하였다. 밀도에 대한 컴퓨터 보조 수업 후 개념 검사를 실시했다. 연구 결과, 학생들의 개념 이해와 심층적 및 피상적 학습 전략은 과학 지식의 본성에 대한 이해와 유의미한 상관이 있었다. 학생들의 복합적인 학습 전략의 유형을 확인하기 위해 군집분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, '심층적 전략 점수는 높고, 피상적 전략 점수는 낮은 집단(군집 1)', '심층적 전략 점수는 낮고, 피상적 전략 점수는 높은 집단(군집 2)', '심층적, 피상적 전략 점수가 모두 높은 집단(군집 3)'으로 구분 되었다. 일원 변량 분석 결과, 과학 지식의 본성 검사와 개념 검사 모두에서 군집 3의 점수가 다른 군집들 보다 유의미하게 높았다. 또한 개념 검사에서는 군집1이 군집2에 비해 보다 높은 성적을 보였다. 이에 대한 교육학적 함의를 논의하였다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.351-359
• /
• 2005

The aims of this research are to analyze elementary preservice teacher's conception and causes of their misconceptions on biological reproduction and inheritance. In future, it would be also to provide useful data for the effective teaching-teaming method in the elementary school as well as opportunities to correct their misconceptions, which help elementary preservice teachers have the appropriate scientific conceptions. Thirty kinds of test questions were designed in science curriculum for elementary students and biology textbook for university students in order to develop reproduction and inheritance's concepts. The questionnaire was given to 166 junior students of university of education in a local city. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 10.0 program. The major results are as follows: Among 30 test questions, 2 questions in plants, 5 questions in animals and 2 questions in gene were appeared as misconceptions over $50\%$. The major reason to hold the misconceptions was influenced by 'learning up to now' category. The selection reasons of response were significantly different between scientific conceptions and misconceptions in 10 questions by analysis of variance. The gender also showed statistically significant differences between scientific conception and misconception in 3 questions by $\chi^2$ test. The selection reasons according to gender were significantly different between male and female students in 5 questions. For the reasons in forming misconceptions, they may cause by stereotype, conscious priority, differences of experiences, interest or attention, lack of professional Knowledge, and so on. Therefore, it was concluded that this research may help elementary preservice teachers to reconsider their conception for reproduction and inheritance and to be successful in science instructions fur elementary students.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.303-310
• /
• 2019

In order to search for the causes of having difficulty with the scientification task of the Korean medicine, the definition and conception of science were reviewed first and then formalization of reasoning scheme and a practical method of scientification were proposed. Science in its definition is meant by foundation of method and system for production of scientific knowledge not by knowledge of science itself. The formation of science is composed of complex processes including not only scientific knowledge but also politicosocial output containing activity of scientist society, spreading of social value and intercommunication. The production of scientific knowledge of Korean medicine is begun from logicality of the differential diagnosis and treatment theory through abductive verification of analogical inference by yinyang and 5 phase theory. For the commensurability between the various heterogenic theories within Korean medicine, the scientific activity of collecting, compiling, analyzing, distributing, and discussing the significant knowledge gained through abductive verification in the experiment and clinical process should be formed broadly. Based on these knowledge database, organization of scientist society with Korean medicine, life science, medical engineering, social expansion and generalization of pattern conception, and then social propagation and contribution for national health should be driven forward.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.385-398
• /
• 2014

This study investigated students' alternative conceptions of plate boundaries and their conception revision according to the pattern of students' reasoning. Participants were twenty-two 10th grade high school students. All participants were asked to draw the three types of plate boundaries and to explain their drawings. Nine students participated in the reasoning activity. To this end, a semi-structured interview was conducted during which key questions were asked for the students to individually answer. The key questions used in the reasoning activity were created, by utilizing questions used in the previous studies. The findings revealed that the alternative conceptions of plate boundaries were classified into three levels based on established criteria. Students who attempted a variety of reasoning strategies such as causal reasoning, using an analogy, abductive reasoning, data reconstruction and concept combination, revised their alternative conception to a scientific conception after the reasoning activity. On the other hand, some students could not revise their alternative conceptions because they only conducted an incomplete reasoning strategy. The study also found that they were unable to use other reasoning strategies, either.