• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.49-67
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• 2020

This study was conducted to compare and analyze forest vegetation distributed in Geumosanseong-inside in Geumosan Provincial Park from 2017.10 to 2019.6. The vegetation structure was classified by the phytosociological method and TWINSPAN and the correlation between the community structure and the environmental factors was analyzed using DCCA ordination analydsis. The vegetation structures are Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus mandshurica, Q. acutissima, Larix leptolepis, Prunus padus and Morus alba community by the phytosociological method and 16 communities under TWINSPAN. The importance value of Q. mongolica(64.5) was the highest, and followed by F. mandshurica, L. leptolepis, Acer pseudosieboldianum, M. alba, P. padus, Q. acutissima, Sorbus alnifolia, P. serrulata var. pubescens, F. sieboldiana, Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Castanea crenata which is consistent with species having the dominance status by analysis of the vegetation structure. As the results of DBH analysis for taxon with high importance values, Q. mongolica and M. alba represented normal distribution, and thus, the dominance status of these species is likely to continue. L. leptolepis will maintain the dominance status due to high density of large individuals as compared with species above medium size. However, it will decrease because of high mortality after increase in age class. F. mandshurica and P. padus continue to show dominance status due to high density of young individuals as compared with species above medium size. Q. acutissima have high density of individuals above intermediate size and low density of young individuals, and thus, will maintain the dominance status. A. pseudosieboldianum, F. sieboldiana and R.schlippenbachii which are arborescent will present continuously high dominance status because of high density of young individuals. Soil analysis shows that whereas pH, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in the research area were lower than the average values of overall forest soil and O.M, T-N, C.E.C and P₂O₅ were higher. We expected that these results were due to agricultures until 50 years ago in Geumosanseong-inside. As a result of DCCA ordination analysis using eleven environmental factors and communities classified by the phytosociological method analysis showed that Q. mongolica was distributed in the environment with higher elevation and O.M and steep slope, and lower P₂O₅, Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺. In contrast to F. mandshurica, Q. acutissima was distributed in higher K⁺ and lower pH. L. leptolepsis was distributed in various environment.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.415-424
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• 2011

Interactive media art can be said to be art in which audience participation and communication through interaction is considered to be most important Previously the role of the audience is to unilately accepted the artist's message, whereas the role of the audience observing interaction media has been changed to the point of the producer, actively participating in completing the artwork through interaction. This study analyzed the interaction and communication between the audience and interactive media artworks from the audience's point of view (in the view of reception theory) by the investigation of the case of the artworks that were on exhibition. Employing the exhibition interpretation medium with docent explanation and wall text was experienced how to improve audience's communication when they watched the artworks. The docent explained the intention of artists and their artworks in the manner of storytelling and induced the audience to focus naturally on the artworks. As the result, the role of the exhibition interpretation medium was found to be significantly high in enhancing the degree of emotional communication with the artworks, so in this study I attempted to present that the role of the docent is an important factor for enhancing the audience participation and emotional communication through interaction with the artworks.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 2012

Ancient mirrors are generally made of bronze, and it is very rare to find cases of iron mirrors excavated domestically. In this study, the unidentified ferrous artifact was treated for conservation, and was identified as a mirror. In this process, the sample was taken and analyzed for microstructure, and the manufacturing technology was studied. Analysis involved optical microscope, micro-hardness tester, and SEM-EDS. As the result of analysis, iron mirror structure exist not almost non-metallic inclusions, and partially network cementite was observed. This appears to have been caused by reduced carbon content due to decarburizing the cast iron in the solid state mirror which was created by cast iron. The ledeburite structure of the casting has difficult to cut or polish because has great hardness by high carbon content. Thus, the cast iron mirror was decarburized at a temperature under $850^{\circ}C$ with CO or $CO_2$ blocked, which reduced the hardness of the iron mirror and made it possible to polish the mirror surface. This deformation of structure according to carbon content results from such manufacturing technology.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.211-225
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• 2018

The Stupa of the State Preceptor Jigwang from the Beopcheonsaji temple site in Wonju (National Treasure No. 101) was built in the Goryeo Period (around the 11th century), with very excellent style and techniques. It was returned to the Korea after being taken to Osaka of Japan without notice in 1912, and was severely damaged during the Korean War. Subsequently, the Stupa was restored using restoration materials like mortar, and relocated to the National Palace Museum of Korea. Surface contaminants in the Stupa primarily existed around the restoration materials. Black discoloration, which indicates a high discoloration grade, signified a high possession rate in the north and inner regions of the Stupa, which may be related to the relative moisture maintenance time. Most surface contaminants were calcite and gypsum; the black discoloration area underwent secondary discoloration due to air pollution. Moreover, the stone properties exhibited a relatively low discoloration grade, exhibiting crystallized contaminants that partly covered the rock-forming minerals. Overall, the Stupa deteriorated due to discoloration and being covered by lime materials, which were dissolved as the mortar degraded. Hence, it required contaminants removal, surface cleaning and desalination during conservation treatment, in order to control the rate of physicochemical deterioration by contaminants.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.114-127
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• 2016

The competition among nations has been extended to competition between localities, and the importance of knowledge activities in local areas is being emphasized. To contribute to the nurturing of highly qualified professionals and the development of local industry, the Korean government established the S&T-centric research universities including KAIST in 5 local areas. These S&T-centric research universities are top notch research centers and educational environments in Korea. However, it has been pointed out that their ability to act as local innovation hubs is limited. Accordingly, this study conducted an empirical analysis on the outcomes of the S&T-centric research universities by dividing them into two categories, Mode 1 and Mode 2, and comparing them with those of other general universities. It was found that the outcomes of the S&T-centric universities were higher in Mode 1, but lower in Mode 2, than those of the general universities. Furthermore, the S&T-centric universities are not connected very much to the region's specialized industries. It was difficult to find any evidence that the S&T-centric universities differ from the other universities in terms of their outcomes or activities as they were initially envisaged.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.3
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• pp.382-389
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• 2013

The present study grasped the operation characteristics and operation management of forest museums in Korea and analyzed satisfaction with the foregoing. In the results of a survey of forest museums' operation characteristics, with regard to groups to which exhibits were helpful, over half of respondents answered that the exhibits were helpful to students and many respondents had an opinion that all age groups should be equally considered as targets of exhibition. Among matters that were considered with regards to forest museums, accessibility showed the highest rate of answers followed by museum programs. The curator was needed for the majority of respondents were exhibits prior to the survey had the highest expectations for the medium. With regard to the operation management of forest museums, the expected value of periodic and extraordinary exhibitions was shown to be high and high and satisfaction was shown by the professionalism of staff. As for matters of forest museums that must be improved, attention should be paid to the development of programs in which users can participate, diverse exhibition media should be developed, and exhibition should be planned to fit the composition of exhibits. As for operation management, since exhibits were repeated every year, environments should be changed by exhibiting new exhibits or otherwise and active methods of improvement should be devised such as the utilization of broadcasting media for public relations.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 2012

A purpose of this research is to find out characteristic of bronze artifacts and gold ornaments excavated from Xiongnu tombs No. 2~4 at Duurlig Nars in Mongolia through scientific analysis of them. The Tombs are comparatively small. There were still lots of relics remaining although the tombs had been already robbed. Also the tombs are evaluated important since the origin of them show coexisting of chinese and northern style. First of all, an analysis result about bronze vessels found in this site, they have high lead(Pb) content and relatively low tin(Sn) content, as compared with the Bronze Han Mirror and End-fittings of Bronze Parasol Rib. Especially in case of bronze tray and bronze lamp from the no. 2 tomb and also bronze cauldron from the no. 4 tomb contain only 1wt% of tin which means binary alloy composition(Cu-Pb). Also, in the case of gold ornaments found in the no. 2 tomb, they have comparatively high purity. And the research suppose that the high possibility of that they were used soldering using alloy of Au-Cu or diffused bonding(using malachite and copper oxide) for joining gold grains of gold granulation ornament. Further scientific research and analysis in Mongolia and other countries will provide more clues to solve mystery of Xiongnu culture.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.241-254
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• 2017

The Stone Guardian and Memorial Tablets from the Muryeong Royal Tomb are composed of the same kind of plutonic igneous rocks, the so-called hornblendite. Color of the rocks show greenish gray, and both of them occurred with medium-grained granular texture. The rock-forming minerals composed mainly of amphibole and plagioclase. Magnetic susceptibility of the Stone Guardian is 0.15 to 0.63 (mean $0.42{\times}10^{-3}SI\;unit$), the King's Stone Memorial Tablet is 0.11 to 0.38 (mean $0.24{\times}10^{-3}SI\;unit$) and the Queen's Stone Memorial Tablet ranges from 0.10 to 0.33 (mean $0.18{\times}10^{-3}SI\;unit$). The rocks of the artifacts are hard to find in the Gongju area. Large scaled out crop of hornblendite is not distributed, but found in many places that the form of dike. The lithology and occurrences indicate that the artifacts are made of plutonic rock rather than dike. Reddish brown and pale brown contaminants, are also distributed on the surface of the Stone Guardian and Memorial Tablets. The reddish brown color is due to Fe oxide, and the pale brown color occurs due to the elution of Ca. The reddish brown contaminants are influenced by the internal components of the rock and oxidation of burial iron accessories. In contrast, the pale brown contaminants are considered to have flown from the carbonate materials used in the Royal Tomb, with a little added Fe oxide. Physical and chemical deterioration operate intricately in the Stone Guardian and Memorial Tablets. Physical deterioration is extremely rare and chemical deterioration is stable except for a part of the Stone Guardian and the front of the Queen Stone Memorial Tablet.

• The Korean Journal of Soil Zoology
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• v.10 no.1_2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

Tiger Beetles(Carabidae, Cicindelinae) were collected in the Province of Chollabukdo including some nearby islands from April 1997 to October 2002. The specimens of ca. 500 deposited in Sunchon National University, Chonbuk National University, the Jeju Folklore and Natural History Museum, and elsewhere were also examined. As a result, Korean Cicindelinae of 18 species from 10 subgenera is reported herein. Of these, Cicindela (Cylindera) obliquefasciata Adams, 1817 and Cicindeia (Cephalota) chiloleuca Fisher, 1820 are recorded newly in the Korean Peninsula. However, the distribution of C. japana is very doubtful in South Korea. This study also includes a key to the species, discussions on the habitats, distributions, and some ecological characteristics of Korean Cicindelinae.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.363-370
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to obtain information about two early-20th Century clothes, for which the "National Memorial Museum of Forced Mobilization under Japanese Occupation" has sought to receive preservation treatment. Optical microscopes and a scanning electron microscope were used to investigate the weaving of the clothes, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) was used to investigate the fibers. Cloth A is believed to be a Japanese half sleeved inner wear(Hanjuban) used by women. Cloth B is believed to be working clothing that was checked by an Osaka plant. This was verified by a book written by the Japanese army. Both of the clothes were made mostly from cotton, although the inner wear also used viscose rayon on the neck collar. The button on the working wear was made of urea formaldehyde resin, an early precursor to plastic.