• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.157-174
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• 2019

Motivation of human individuals to perform on intellectual tasks can be hampered by identity threat from intellectual machines. A laboratory experiment examined whether individuals' performance loss on intellectual tasks appears under human identity threat. Additionally, by affirming alternative attributes of human identity, researchers checked whether group-affirmation alleviate the performance loss on intellectual tasks. This research predicted that under high social identity threat, individuals' performance loss on the intellectual tasks would be moderated by valuing alternative attributes of human identity. Experiment shows that when social identity threat is increased, human individuals affirmed alternative human attributes show higher performance on intellectual tasks than individuals non-affirmed. This effect of human-group level affirmation on performance loss did not appear in the condition of low social identity threat. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.578-590
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• 2020

During the 1960-1970s, a group of ceramic conservation scientists and ceramic historians in South Korea came together and established their own disciplines. While the two disciplines share the same ceramics as the subjects of their research, there has been little interaction between the two as their research outputs are articulated in remarkably different languages. This paper aims to address the following questions by using a case study that focuses on the research on white porcelains centered on the project of Gyeonggi Museum and a series of studies conducted by one of the museum's project research teams. First, what are the characteristics of and differences between the explanation styles of the two disciplines that share the same research subjects of ceramics? Second, why has the communication between the two disciplines become difficult? Third, if there can be a trading zone wherein the two disciplines would be able to communicate again, what would be its epistemic conditions? The focus of this paper is the relationship between scientific data and ordinary language, which the two disciplines have shared from their inception. By analyzing the relationship, I first argue that, as the analytical techniques of conservation science have become more developed, conservation science's data have gradually lost its relevance in ceramic history, in spite of a shared common language between them; Second, I argue that by recovering the import of shared language again, the scientific data can be placed in a different practical context, providing novel interpretations that are relevant and often consequential to ceramic history.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.396-417
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• 1991

In order that nursing care an essential quality of nursing practice be acceptable and satisfying, it is necessary that client's culture be respected and that nursing practice be appropriate to that culture. Since cultural elements are an important influence on health practices and life patterns related to medical treatment, recovery from and prevention of disease, nurses need to have an understanding and knowledge of social and cultural phenomena to aid in the planning of nursing interventions. To understand the health practices surrounding health and illness, the health beliefs and practices of both folk and professional healing systems should be ascertained. Cultural data are required to provide care of high quality to clients and to reduce possible conflict between the client and the nurse. It is nursing's goal to provide clients from various cultures with quality nursing care which is satisfying and valuable. The problem addressed by this study was to identify Korean health practices which would contribute to the planning of professional caring practice with the culture : ultimately this study was intended to make a contribution to the development of the science of nursing. The concrete objectives of this study were ; 1) to identify Korean health practices, 2) to interpret the identitial health practices through traditional cultural thought, and 3) to compare the Korean health practices with those of other cultures. The investigator used the ethnosceintific approach outlined by spradly in a qualitative study. To discover ancestral wisdom and knowledge related to traditional health practeces, the subjects of this study were selected from residents of a small rural mountain village in south west Korea, a place considered to be maintaining and transmitting the traditional culture in a relatively well -preserved state because of being isolated from the modern world. The number of subjects was 18, aged 71 to 89. Research data were collected from January 8 to March 31, 1990. Five categories of health practices were identified : “Manage one's own mind”, “Moderation in all thing”, “Live in accord with nature”, “Live in mutuality with others”, and “Live to the best of one's ability”. Values derived from these ways of thinking from Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism help fashion a traditional way of life, examplified by the saying “Benifience to all”. Korean thought and philosophy is influenced primerily by Confucianism, Confucian principles of ethics, embedded deeply in the peoples' minds, form the idea that “heaven and human being are intimately united” based on concept that “heaven is, so to speak, reason”. Twoe Gae's theory of existential subjectivity develops the concept of self which is the basis of the spirit of reverence in modern Confucian philosophy. The human md is granted from heaven out of the idea of matter, and what control the mind is the spirit of reverence. Hence the idea of “The primacy of the mind" and provided that one should control one's own mind. The precepts of duty to parents, respect for elders and worship of ancestors, and moderation in all behavior put a restraint on life which directed that one live earnestly according to Nature's laws with their neighbors. Not only Confucianism, but also Buddism and Taoism have had an important effect upon these patterns of ideas. When compared with western culture, Korean health practices tend to be more inclusive, abstract and intuitive while westerner health practices found to be mere concrete, practical and personal. Values and beliefs based and pragmatism and existentialism infuence western civilization, Ethical values may be founded on utilitarianism, which considers what is good for the persons in their circumstances as the basis of conduct and takes a serious view of their practical lives including human aspirations rather than an absolute truth. These philosophical and ethical ideas are foundations for health practices related to active, practical and progressive attitudes. This study should be enable nursing not only to understand clients as reflections of the traditional culture when planning nursing practice, but to dovelop health education corresponding to cultural requiments for the purpose of protection against disease and improvement of health, and thus promote sound health practice. Eventually it is hoped that through these processes quality nursing care as the central idea of the science of nursing will be achieved.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.209-219
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• 1998

This study is the first part of the investigation of the students' and teachers' understanding of ideal conditions in physics. To do this, here, we provided the theoretical basis for the above study by discussing the meaning and characteristics of idealization. Idealization, introduced and elaborated by Galileo therefore characterized the nature of modem science, can be generated by four procedures: neglecting the minor variables, giving without any description about the minor variables, assuming the limit case, assuming constancy or uniformity. Idealization generated by these procedures can produce models and laws from the sensory informations about real world. And physics world is constructed by formalization or mathematization of these models and laws obtained through idealization about real world. Therefore, it can be said that idealization have a major role in the context of discovery. By this aspects, physics world can be viewed as the approximation of the real world, and this view, again, give rise the philosophical debate about the reality in nature. Idealization take an important role in the process of application of physics world and the understanding the real world. That is, physicists accept the discrepancies between real world, and physics world and make a great effort to explain, moreover, reduce these discrepancies by modifying or eliminating idealization involved in physics world. Continued from this study, we will proceed to obtain the implications of idealization on the physics learning and investigate the students' and teachers' understanding of the ideal condition involved in the theoretical explanation and the experiment in physics.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.678-699
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• 2015

Although the harsh space environment imposes many severe challenges to space pioneers, space exploration is a realistic and profitable goal for long-term humanity survival. One of the viable and promising options to overcome the harsh environment of space is nuclear propulsion. Particularly, the Nuclear Thermal Rocket (NTR) is a leading candidate for nearterm human missions to Mars and beyond due to its relatively high thrust and efficiency. Traditional NTR designs use typically high power reactors with fast or epithermal neutron spectrums to simplify core design and to maximize thrust. In parallel there are a series of new NTR designs with lower thrust and higher efficiency, designed to enhance mission versatility and safety through the use of redundant engines (when used in a clustered engine arrangement) for future commercialization. This paper proposes a new NTR design of the second design philosophy, Korea Advanced NUclear Thermal Engine Rocket (KANUTER), for future space applications. The KANUTER consists of an Extremely High Temperature Gas cooled Reactor (EHTGR) utilizing hydrogen propellant, a propulsion system, and an optional electricity generation system to provide propulsion as well as electricity generation. The innovatively small engine has the characteristics of high efficiency, being compact and lightweight, and bimodal capability. The notable characteristics result from the moderated EHTGR design, uniquely utilizing the integrated fuel element with an ultra heat-resistant carbide fuel, an efficient metal hydride moderator, protectively cooling channels and an individual pressure tube in an all-in-one package. The EHTGR can be bimodally operated in a propulsion mode of $100MW_{th}$ and an electricity generation mode of $100MW_{th}$, equipped with a dynamic energy conversion system. To investigate the design features of the new reactor and to estimate referential engine performance, a preliminary design study in terms of neutronics and thermohydraulics was carried out. The result indicates that the innovative design has great potential for high propellant efficiency and thrust-to-weight of engine ratio, compared with the existing NTR designs. However, the build-up of fission products in fuel has a significant impact on the bimodal operation of the moderated reactor such as xenon-induced dead time. This issue can be overcome by building in excess reactivity and control margin for the reactor design.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.34
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• pp.93-114
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• 2014

Gaston Bachelard had a revolutionary progress in the field of human understanding by proposing his theory of image and imagination. His theory of the new image was so powerful, almost all areas of human science, particularly that of literary criticism, were strongly influenced and this influence continues until today. Today almost everyone accepts his theory of the image without much objection, but not rarely asked where began his transfer from the philosophy of science to the images. We propose a hypothesis that the beginning of the new concept of Bachelard's image was inspired by studies of contemporary science, especially quantum mechanics. The Heisenberg's uncertainty principle was the core of quantum mechanics, and opens new perspectives on the material world. We could summarize the message of the uncertainty principle : the material world is made up of various layers, and the material can not be measured by the location and movement at the same time. So we must have a new point of view of another dimension to know this material world. Bachelard had accepted this view of Heisenberg and developed his own theory of epistemological rupture. What is revolutionary in the theory of Bachelard's image is the fact that he looked at the images with the new perspective. The human psyche is another world compared to the rational world that dominates our daily lives. Bachelard insists that the image can not be explained by the concept. The fantasy world is a totally different world to that of rationality. That is why it can not be explained by the language of rationality as the concept. The imaginary world exists independently of the real world, but it is superimposed on the real world. These two worlds are influencing each other, and it is between these two world where our daily lives continues. The declaration of Bachelard 'image is a specific reality' is never a metaphor or rhetorical expression. This is an ontological expression that must truthfully. The imaginary world is a world built on the image and it works according to its own law. It is not a representation or copy of the real world. But the world of imagination are not alone. It exists in the same time and space with the world of science. It is superimposed with the world of science. Both two world influence each other. Bachelard has made a revolutionary change by studying the images. He gave them their own place. It has changed the views on the images that were treated as mere representations of reality. Thanks to him, the image can have its own value, that of a factor that creates reality. Bachelard shows how we can go deep into the source of being and the universe if we look at the pictures with the eyes of other dimensions.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.68
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• pp.25-39
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• 2006

This article attempts to define identity, role and functions of a university museum and to suggest specialization of the university museum in the perspective of culture, arts, and science. A university museum is defined as a center for the service of the university community and its development which acquires, researches, communicates, exhibits and educates, for purposes of eduinfotainment,29 material evidence of people and their environment. The target user of the today's university museum are not only professors, students, university workers, but also university neighbourhood such as the related professionals, patrons, parents, school children and villagers. A multi-dimensional and multi-purpose university museum can be established and managed in a real world and / or a cyber world in the perspective of culture, arts, and science. Based on a ubiquitous system30 in a cyber world vis-a-vie a real world, the university museum can be easily utilized by users anywhere, anytime and any device. In order to specialize the university museum in the perspective of culture, arts and science, it is desirable that the university museum director with the CEO of the university community promote the specialization of the university museum based on philosophy and strategies of university community management after they definitely evaluate the components and resources of the university museum such as human powers, museum collections, organizational, technological, capital, spacial and symbolic resources, The specialization of the university museum should be projected and executed in the direction of maintaining the typical scope of museum activities and managing the effective museum management. Specializing the university museum in the perspective of culture, arts, and science can contribute not only to establish the identity of the university community and to perform role and functions of the university museum but also to encourage academic development, to revaluate the brand of the university community and to promote the marketing for the university.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.29
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• pp.203-230
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• 2010

This article is aimed for to state the rationality of Mojia and reveal the scientific meaning in the theories related to the motion of objects in Mojing: the basic approach to the principle of gravitation in building castle, and comprehension and application of the principle in the lever devised for improving productivity as well as in an inclined plane. It is denied in this article that the technical advance and the positive influence on the people is achieved by Mojias only because they were occupied in the filed of craft. Mojia was one of the schools of Qin in the early stage who realized how important science wass for the better society focused on humanity. Furthermore, they were the frontiers who pursued the proper society through science. Therefore, the scientific theories claimed by Mojia is not emphasized only on the deducting regularity of nature. Instead, it could be theorized only by guaranteeing the welfare for common people and having close relation to it. The Chinese philosophy in the early Twentieth century had vigorous interest in the Mojia's opinions in science and set about conducting study in this part. Based on the study, it was revealed that the Mojia's opinion toward motion is superior to that of the West. Furthermore, it was proved to reflect the main idea in Mojia: the love for common people. Particularly, the theories from Mojia can be so applicable to today's life that some scholars regret the lack of interest in Mojia for the time and even scold themselves for the retarded progress in science of China.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2007

This study examined Cheon SunEui(全循義)'s lineage, life, ChimGuTaekllPeonJip(鍼灸擇日編集) and SikRyoChanYo(食療纂要)'s subjectmedical history. Cheon SunEui(全循義)'s position underestimated that it's associated with the reality of politics in the early years of the Joseon dynasty medical history. Accordingly, Cheon SunEui(全循義)'s the healing art and studies remain poorly characterized. To understand the role of Cheon SunEui(全循義)'s studies, we examined that his lineage and life. We made a complete translation Cheon SunEui(全循義)'s ChimGuTaekllPeonJip(鍼灸擇日編集) introduction and confirmed importance alternative choice in the practice of acupuncture and moxibustion. We also identified that SikRyoChanYo(食療纂要) introduced hothouse methods using Korean paper and ondol, food store and fish store methods. is not too much to say that this book is one of the diet of our time. These results demonstrated that Cheon SunEui(全循義)'s life and literary work feel keenly the necessity of study in korea medical history. Because of the actual politics place estimate, Cheon SunEui(全循義)'s life and science underestimate. However, his books excavated. Old values cut red tape, following studied realized about his medical art and medical ideas.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.69-80
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• 2000

Body has been high-lightened as one of the most important theme since the philosophy and the arts are focused on it in the late 20 century. Resurgence of interests in human body has been based on the skepticism on rapid digitalization and do-materialization currently undergoing in electronic media environments. Artists have been endeavoring more and more to find a synthesis which links the conceptual and the sensuous in their works as digitalization gets faster and faster. The Bodily-oriented art uses its visceral qualities, either literally or metaphorically, to engage our total being, not just our mental consciousness, in building a sensuous, evocative statement. Its transcendent ideas are inter- mixed with the fabric of the world. We are touched by this art not only because we understand it cognitively, but because we "feel"it. These characteristics of textile arts caused gradual increase of soft-sculpture works using textiles and implies possibilities of inter-grade of physical and mental world. Ann Hamilton, Magdalena Abakanowiz, Folly Apfelbaum and Pallid Dougherty are, for example, related to the fiber arts. It would be of worth to study the characteristics of contemporary faber-art works, especially done by Abakanowiz who has been regarded as a dominant pioneer in the contemporary fiber arts from the viewpoint of inter-grade of the physicals and the mental. This paper, therefore, deals with the Abaknowiz′works in the context of human body and body-signs. Life and works might be classified into 5 stages; first, learning period since her birth in 1930, second, creation period of Abakan, third, remodelling period of Abakan, fourth, composition and dissolution period of Abakan and the last and fifth, new transformation period of Abakan. ′Abakan′through her whole life as an artist has been a plastic language and based ultimately on external human body but in various materials and forms.