• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.166-174
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• 1987

Distribution, bathymetry and textural parameters of the bottom sediment deposited between Geoje and Namhae Islands were studied to understand the depositional environment of the area. The study area is divided into three different provinces. Except for the Gwangyang Bay and Changseon Channel, mud dominates in the western part whereas sandy mud and muddy sand prevail in the southeastern part including the eastern area of the Yogji Island. The relict sediment is located in the eastern part of the area. Generally, the Holocene sediment, located in the northern part of the area, is considered to be transported and deposited by a pelagic suspension mode. Influence of strong tidal currents results in some depressions in the vicinity of Changseon Island and the eastern part of the Yogji Island, The Tsushima Warm Current is supposed to affect the southern part of the area. The two parallels sand ridges lying in the southeastern part of the area are covered with very thin Holocene mud. This seems to be caused by the winnowing effect of the current. The similarity between the two directions of the current and the ridges encourages this idea. The boundary between the Holocene and relict sediment, however, lies further south the ridges.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.106-112
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of $Sasa$ $quelpaertensis$ bamboo and green tea on plasma and liver lipids, platelet aggregation, and erythrocyte membrane Na channels in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Thirty female rats were OVX, and ten female rats were sham-operated at the age of 6 weeks. The rats were divided into four groups at the age of 10 weeks and fed the experiment diets: sham-control, OVX-control, OVX-bamboo leaves (10%), or OVX-green tea leaves (10%) for four weeks. Final body weight increased significantly in the OVX groups compared with that in the sham-control, whereas body weight in the OVX-green tea group decreased significantly compared with that in the OVX-control ($P$ < 0.01). High density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level decreased in all OVX groups compared with that in the sham-control rats ($P$ < 0.05) but without a difference in plasma total cholesterol. Plasma triglycerides in the OVX-green tea group were significantly lower than those in the sham-control or OVX-control group ($P$ < 0.05). Liver triglycerides increased significantly in the OVX-control compared with those in the sham-control ($P$ < 0.01) but decreased significantly in the OVX-green tea group compared with those in the OVX-control or OVX-bamboo group ($P$ < 0.01). Platelet aggregation in both maximum and initial slope tended to be lower in all OVX rats compared with that in the sham-control rats but was not significantly different. Na-K ATPase tended to increase and Na-K cotransport tended to decrease following ovariectomy. Na-K ATPase decreased significantly in the OVX-green tea group compared with that in the OVX-control group ($P$ < 0.01), and Na-K cotransport increased significantly in the OVX-bamboo and OVX-green tea groups compared with that in the OVX-control ($P$ < 0.05). Femoral bone mineral density tended to be lower in OVX rats than that in the sham-control, whereas the green tea and bamboo leaves groups recovered bone density to some extent. The results show that ovariectomy caused an increase in body weight and liver triglycerides, and that green tea was effective for lowering body weight and triglycerides in OVX rats. Ovariectomy induced an increase in Na efflux via Na-K ATPase and a decrease in Na efflux via Na-K cotransport. Furthermore, consumption of green tea and bamboo leaves affected Na efflux channels, controlling electrolyte and body water balance.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.45-53
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of the study was to investigate operation system of current convenience store and competing retail store and to find out development of unattended convenience store. Operators can save labor cost and solve labor seeking when opening shop under suitable environment and commerce area, and assure of employee's safety. Customers are allowed to select commodity comfortably without disclosure of face and to shorten standby time at simple store opening, buying and paying and to produce convenient living environment by financing, delivery and goods control. This study examined effect and problems of operation of existing and unattended convenience store from point of view of visual merchandising to find out model of unattended convenience store and to strengthen competitiveness of convenience store business. Research design, data, and methodology - Research procedure of accomplishment of goal of the study was: The study investigated state of distribution business, and role and definition of VMD. First, VMD played an important role of promotion and competitiveness of unattended convenience stores. Second, the author investigated research and cases of unattended convenience stores 14 months, that is to say, from August 15, 2017 to October 15, 2018. Third, the author investigated on-the-spot three of common convenience stores, three of unattended convenience stores and three of retailers one month, that is to say, June 1, 2018 to July 1, 2018. The subject was convenience stores and retailers selling similar type of products at Seoul and metropolitan area. Results - Layout, selling place, brand identity, goods assortment, authentication system, product information cognition and control, buying and payment system, security system, salesmen, promotion and other services should be improved from point of view of merchandising. Structure, furniture, lighting, voice, façade, VP, PP, IP and POP should be developed. Conclusions - Unattended convenience stores saved operating cost and lessened labor and gave visitors convenience and comfortable shopping and made use of resources effectively. Further studies with quantitative analysis shall find out strategic conditions for promotion of unattended convenience stores.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.45-53
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to clarify the factors to make an exclusive importation contract between foreign fashion brands and local retailers for successful business in Korea. Even though imported fashion brand market shows stead increasing in terms of sales amount, the number of store related study was very rare in fact. Meanwhile, as long as this business is glowing a lot of brands are suffering from bad business performance or getting in ruins thus these problems result in foreign currency loss. The local marketers therefore, strongly expect to know the solution for this matter. Research design, data, and methodology - For the qualitative research, 10 experts who are operating foreign brands with an exclusive contract at a department store or at duty free shop now and who had at least over 10 years of related working experience were included. The factors for the exclusive importation contract with foreign brands were drawn up through the one-to-one in-depth interview method from September 3, 2017 to January 15, 2018. The expert group for the validity analysis includes 2 professors and 5 postgraduate students. Results - As a result of qualitative study on the factors for imported fashion brand's launching with the exclusive importation contract, it turned out that there were 5 factors - safety, profitability, reliability, speed and global retailing. Safety, profitability, and reliability have been mentioned in most related surveys but some details are added and speed and global retailing have been newly highlighted and many unknown legal issues that it was not easy to get form common academic research are included. Speed simply means quick lead time and global retailing means stores where located in other countries. Conclusions - The reason that qualitative research should be done before the quantitative research is due to the scant theoretical background for this matter. Because the market of an imported fashion brand is steadily increasing, determining the factors to make exclusive importation contract is very meaningful from the point of academic and business. After this study, many marketers may get basic conditions to apply for real business and I hope the following quantitative research will give more effective results. The next study also will have extended range concerning industry area, product and distribution channel.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.6 s.102
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• pp.481-485
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• 2005

The port entry system of the inner harbor in Pyeongtaek${\cdot}$Dangjin was planned as lock-gate in 'Master plan project on port planning in Asan industry base(1990)‘, but was changed to tidal harbor in 'Project maintaining Master plan for comprehensive development of Pyeongtaek${\cdot}$Dangjin port(2001)'. Accordingly, southern sea bank constructed under the lower part of Seohae-bridge will be removed so that inbound/outbound vessels for the inner harbor can navigate at all times. However, in the view of the safety on passing through the lower of Seohae-bridge, navigating conditions for the inner harbor will be restricted in the single-way of 50,000 DWT vessel and the two-way of vessel less than 30,000 DWT Therefore, this study carried out the estimation of traffic congestion arising from these vessels with above restrictions q[ter supposing annual inbound/outbound vessel's numbers for loading and unloading cargo surveyed on the inner harbor.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.4962-4969
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• 2013

The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate of optimized FS techniques for T2 weighted abdominal MRI compared of TSE-SPIR fat suppression and GE-PROSET fat suppression. All MR examinations were performed on a 1.5 T(Philips, Medical System, Achieva) scanner using 16 channel mult-coils. All images were performed in the axial plane using TSE-SPIR and GE-PROSET. The mean SNRs of the retroperitoneal and mesenteric fat for TSE-SPIR and GE-PROSET were 31.50, 4.15 and 32.39, 7.03. The mean CNRs of the bowel and retroperitoneal, mesenteric fat for TSE-SPIR and GE-PROSET were 52.69, 74.54 and 26.12, 68.78). The delineation of bowel wall margins with TSE-SPIR(2.4) and GE-PROSET(1.8) were significantly improved using TSE-SPIR. The delineation of pancreas wall with TSE-SPIR(1.90), GE-PROSET(2.80) were significantly improved using GE-PROSET. In conclusion, TSE-SPIR fat suppression was superior to GE-PROSET fat suppression in T2 WI FS abdominal MRI.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.165-174
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• 2018

Background: Extended endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may initiate apoptotic pathways in cancer cells, and ER stress has been reported to possibly increase tumor death in cancer therapy. We previously reported that caspase-8 played an important role in compound K-induced apoptosis via activation of caspase-3 directly or indirectly through Bid cleavage, cytochrome c release, and caspase-9 activation in HL-60 human leukemia cells. The mechanisms leading to apoptosis in A549 and SK-MES-1 human lung cancer cells and the role of ER stress have not yet been understood. Methods: The apoptotic effects of compound K were analyzed using flow cytometry, and the changes in protein levels were determined using Western blot analysis. The intracellular calcium levels were monitored by staining with Fura-2/AM and Fluo-3/AM. Results: Compound K-induced ER stress was confirmed through increased phosphorylation of $eIF2{\alpha}$ and protein levels of GRP78/BiP, XBP-1S, and $IRE1{\alpha}$ in human lung cancer cells. Moreover, compound-K led to the accumulation of intracellular calcium and an increase in m-calpain activities that were both significantly inhibited by pretreatment either with BAPTA-AM (an intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ chelator) or dantrolene (an RyR channel antagonist). These results were correlated with the outcome that compound K induced ER stress-related apoptosis through caspase-12, as z-ATAD-fmk (a specific inhibitor of caspase-12) partially ameliorated this effect. Interestingly, 4-PBA (ER stress inhibitor) dramatically improved the compound K-induced apoptosis. Conclusion: Cell survival and intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ homeostasis during ER stress in human lung cancer cells are important factors in the induction of the compound K-induced apoptotic pathway.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.12-22
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• 1976

Amongst varieties of clinical nursing role, the administration of medication is often highlighted as of prime importance. In order to attain data for the improvement of teaching strategies of medication, diagnostic evaluation of the knowledge level is a necessity. This study was performed from August through December 1975. 449 registered nurses, randomly sampled from general hospitals:16 of Seoul and 7 of Taegu and Pusan, were tested through 54 test questionaries based on 4 practical dimensions of administration of medication. Results are as follows ; 1. Status of respondents: Length of clinical experiences; the average length revealed to be 2 years and 7 months, 72% revealed to have had less than 3 years of experience; 38.6%-less than 1 year, 19 .2%-over 1 year and less than 2 years, and 14, 2%-over 2 years and less than 3 years. Type of Nursing education received ; 9.4% revealed to have graduated technical high school of nursing, 67.5o/o the 3 year diploma school and 21, 7% the baccalaureate degree program. The knowledge Level; Degree of self-satisfaction on knowledge level revealed that;27, 4% responded to "more or less satisfied", 48.8% "more or less un-satisfied" and 19.8% to "not satisfied". The average level of basic knowledge revealed to be moderate by 66.95 points. The level of knowledge of 4 questionnaire categories revealed that; drug action category by average of 66.5 points, methodology category by 65.4 Points, safety measure category by 71.4 points and terminology and concepts category by 64.6 points, Questionnaire items which revealed high points are of;6 of drug action category, 4 of methodology, 4 of safety measure, and 3 of terminology. The items of low points are: 8 of drug action, 3 of methodology, 3 of safety measure and 5 of terminolology categories. 3. The type of nursing education revealed to have no significant influence on the level of knowledge on the administration of medication. 4. The length of clinical experience revealed to have no significant influence on the level of knowledge. 5. 75. l% responded that the actual practice of medication modes are "similar" to that included in the fundamentals of nursing course. 6. In-service education on medication; 54.0% revealed to have some incidental in-service education on medication while 34.0% receive programmed in- service education. 61.8% revealed to have expressed the need of systemic In-service education as one of the means for improvement of medication. 32.7% revealed to obtain information concerning medicine by reading commercial publications on drug package, while only 20.9% by reading specific information channel.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.120-130
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• 2020

This paper solves the problem in underdetermined convolutive mixture by improving the disadvantages of the multichannel nonnegative matrix factorization technique widely used in blind source separation. In conventional researches based on Spatial Covariance Matrix (SCM), each element composed of values such as power gain of single channel and correlation tends to degrade the quality of the separated sources due to high variance. In this paper, level and frequency normalization is performed to effectively cluster the estimated sources. Therefore, we propose a novel SCM and an effective distance function for cluster pairs. In this paper, the proposed SCM is used for the initialization of the spatial model and used for hierarchical agglomerative clustering in the bottom-up approach. The proposed algorithm was experimented using the 'Signal Separation Evaluation Campaign 2008 development dataset'. As a result, the improvement in most of the performance indicators was confirmed by utilizing the 'Blind Source Separation Eval toolbox', an objective source separation quality verification tool, and especially the performance superiority of the typical SDR of 1 dB to 3.5 dB was verified.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2017

Anticonvulsants, calcium channel blockers and immunosuppressants are representative drugs related with gingival enlargement. Clinical signs and symptoms caused by drug-induced gingival enlargment frequently appear within 1 to 3 months after medication. At initial stage, it is limited to attached gingiva but may extend coronally and interfere with esthetics, mastication and speech. Interproximal spaces are common beginning area and pathologic teeth migration could be occurred by the lesion. Withdrawal or substitution of medication would be the most effective treatment of drug-induced gingival enlargement. However, periodontal treatment and further supportive periodontal therapy should be provided where change in medication is impossible. The present study reports the cases which show the resolution of inflammation with spontaneous teeth migration without change in medication. In all cases discussed in this report could be efficiently managed with proper periodontal treatment and further supportive periodontal therapy.