• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.848-853
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• 2010

Bone maintains its homeostasis through balance between bone resorbing osteoclasts and bone forming osteoblasts. Thus, unusual balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts leads to pathological bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune arthritis, periodontitis. Schisandra chinensis well known traditional herbal has been used for treatment of diseases in China, Korea, Japan, andothers. Recently, research studies have demonstrated that the lignans found in Schisandra chinensis stimulate osteoblasts and suggest that it may be helpful against osteoporosis. However, the inhibitory effect of water extract of Schisandra chinensis on osteoclast differentiation remains largely unknown. In this study, Water extract of Schisandra chinensis markedly suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in cultures of BMMs without cytotoxicity. The mRNA expression of c-Fos, NFATc1, and TRAP induced by RANKL was inhibited by water extract of Schisandra chinensis. It also suppressed c-Fos and NFATc1 protein expression. Taken together, these results suggest that water extract of Schisandra chinensis has the potential to serve as a treatment of bone disease such as osteoporosis.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.259-267
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• 2022

Objectives : In this study, erythrocyte micronucleus test of pomace Schisandra chinensis extracts was conducted in order to up-cycling to a high value-added industry using by-products discarded in the production process of Schisandra chinensis products and active ingredients such as dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans in Schisandra chinensis. Methods : The micronucleus test was performed according to the 'OECD Guidelines'. Including the negative control group(0 mg/kg) and the positive control group(CPA 70 mg/kg), pomace Schisandra chinensis extracts were orally administered to ICR mouse at doses of 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg. After sacrificing the experimental animals bone marrow cells were collected and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte were counted. And genetic toxicity was confirmed according to the frequency of micronucleus. Results : As a result of the micronucleus test, there were no changes in body weight, clinical signs, or death in any group. But, a significant increase was observed in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte among polychromatic erythrocytes in the positive control group administered with CPA compared to the negative control group(p<0.05). Whereas, no significant increase was observed in the group administered with pomace Schisandra chinensis extracts compared to the negative control group. Conclusions : Pomace Schisandra chinensis extracts did not induce micronucleus in bone marrow cells of ICR mouse up to a concentration of 2,000 mg/kg, and it was judged that no genetic toxicity was observed.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.281-291
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• 2022

Objectives : In this study, acute oral toxicity test of pomace Schisandra chinensis extracts was conducted in order to up-cycling to a high value-added industry using by-products discarded in the production process of Schisandra chinensis products and active ingredients such as dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans in Schisandra chinensis. Methods : Pomace Schisandra chinensis extracts were orally administered to SD-rats(female, n=3) without a control group according to the 'OECD guidelines'. After, mortality and clinical signs were observed, and the deceased animals were subjected to an autopsy. In addition, acute oral toxicity test was sequentially performed in step I (300 mg/kg), step II(300 mg/kg), step III(2,000 mg/kg), and step IV(2,000 mg/kg) according to the mortality. Results : There were no abnormalities caused by pomace Schisandra chinensis extracts in step I and step II. However, one animal each died in step III and step IV. In addition, clinical signs(salivation, decrease in food intake, prone position, decrease of locomotor activity, loss of locomotor activity, convulsion, hypothermia, lacrimation, staining around mouth, soiled perineal region, reddish urine, chromaturia, decrease of fecal volume, lying on side, blackish stool, no stool, compound-colored stool, refusal to feed, excitement, hypersensitivity, rigidity, dorsal position, etc.) were observed. But, no clinical signs were observed from 5th day, and experiment animals recovered completely. Conclusions : As a result of this study, pomace Schisandra chinensis extracts may exhibit acute toxicity at concentrations of 2,000 to 5,000 mg/kg, and the GHS classification was designated as 'Category 5'.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.195-202
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• 2009

Schisandra chinensis have been traditionally used in Asia for the treatment of dyspnea, cough, mouth dryness, spontaneous diaphoresis, nocturnal diaphoresis, nocturnal emission, dysentery, insomnia and amnesia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the protective effects of Schisandra chinensis on oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation induced by ROS in non cellular and cellular system. DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay were used to measure the antioxidant activities. Phi X-174RF I plasmid DNA cleavage assay and intracellular DNA migration assay were used to evaluate the protective effect on oxidative DNA damage. MTT assay and lipid peroxidation assay were used for evaluating the protective effect on oxidative cell damage. It was found to scavenge DPPH radical, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical and it inhibited oxidative DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and cell death induced by hydroxyl radical. These data indicate that Schisandra chinensis possesses a spectrum of antioxidant and DNA-protective properties

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.366-366
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• 2017

There are about 2 genera and 49 species of Schisandraceae all over the world which grow 2 genera and 5 species in korea. As'Schisandra'genus, S. chinensis, S. repanda, S. nigra and S. viridicarpa are distributed. As 'Kadsura' genus, there is K. japonica species. Although S. chinensis is often used for food and herbal medicine, 'Cheongsoon'is the only cultivar in korea. Therefore cultivar breeding is required for standardized production of Schisandra chinensis. To select superior lines, characteristics of collected varieties was investigated. These collections were from all the country including Mungyeong, Muju and Jangsu. In the case of 'Schisandra chinensis', analysis of chemical compound is very important. Because in 'Korean Pharmacopoeia', Schisandrin has to contain more than 0.7% of sum of Shizandrin, Gomisin A, Gomisin N as standard compound. According to the investigation, the weight of SC-154 was the highest one that was 99g of fresh fruit and 60g of dried fruit in the 100 granulas of it. As the control group, the weight of cultivar 'Cheongsoon'was 57g of fresh fruit and 40g of dried fruit. The chemical compounds such as Shizandrin A, Gomisin A, Gomisin N and Shizandrin C from the collections were analyzed by HPLC. As a result, all average of total content was 1.67% satisfied with the standard that is over 0.7%. Among them, SC-13, SC-22, SC-40 and SC-45 had more than 2.0% of compound. In this case, the content of Gomisin N was relatively higher than that of the other collections. It can be used for high content compound breeding. This above results indicate that these findings could be used for breeding superior Schisandra chinensis through selection of high quality resource.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.248-252
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• 2005

Schisandra chinensis Baill. (Shisandraceae) is used commonly in traditional Korean herbal medicine. One new dibenzocyclooctene lignan compound, benzoylgomisin Q, was found, for the first time, in the fruits of Schisandra chinensis Baill., together with five known lignan compounds; schisandrin, gomisin A, gomisin G, deoxyschisandrin, and gomisin N, using an ESI-positive MS-preparative HPLC auto-purification system. The structures of these compounds were determined via UV, MS, and NMR spectral studies.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.101-101
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• 2022

Schisandra chinensis is a fruit which is called Omija in South Korea. The Korean word Omija means "five flavors" (sweet, spicy, sour, bitter, and salty). The aim of his study was to investigate the correlation between growth characteristics and lignans (gomisin A, gomisin N, schisandrin) contents of Schisandra chinensis. The method for determining lignans was validated by measuring the linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision and accuracy using UPLC-UV. Growth characteristics of S. chinensis such as number of fruits per fruit bunch, length of fruit bunch, width of fruit bunch, fresh weight of fruit bunch, length of fruit, width of fruit, fresh weight of fruit, fresh weight of 30 fruits, and sugar contents of fruit were measured. From the results of correlation analysis, it was found that the contents of lignans showed a significantly negative correlation with fresh weight and sugar contents of fruit. These results will be used to study for quality control of S. chinensis fruit.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.196-202
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• 2014

Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders and has been associated with the neuroendocrine system and alterations in behavior. Schisandra chinensis Baillon is one of major medicinal plants used as a Korea medicine and food sources, and has been processed in the fields of various food products and medicinal herbs. The chronic mild stress (CMS) protocol is widely used to evoke depressive-like behaviors in laboratory mice or rat. The CMS procedure induced some behavioral changes that are compatible with the common expectations, i.e. 'anhedonic' behavior and can affect corticosterone level. The present study, Schisandra chinensis extract administration by daily gavage from the 3 weeks exhibited an antidepressant-like effect on CMS-induced depression in mice. Schisandra chinensis extract administration at dose of 200mg/kg significantly increased the sucrose consumption, and decreased the immobility durations in forced swim test and tail suspension test. Furthermore the corticosterone level decreased than control group. In conclusion, Schisandra chinensis extract showed antidepressant-like effects on sucrose preference test, forced swimming test and tail suspension test based on CMS model.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.385-394
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• 2015

Background : Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans are secondary metabolites present abundantly in the fruits belonging to the genus Schisandra. According to previous studies, Schisandra lignans exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-diabetic properties, as well as an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. Therefore, establishing the Korean "Omija" (Schisandra chinensis) as a lignan-rich source, in addition to identifying and quantifying the lignans, is extremely valuable. Methods and Results : Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans were analyzed with liquid chromatography using diode array detection/mass spectrometry, from methanol extracts subsequently identified by a constructed chemical library of 50 lignans. A total of 27 components of lignan including gomisin S were identified, of which schisandrin, gomisin A, gomisin N, deoxyschisandrin, ${\gamma}$-schisandrin, and schisandrin C were identified as the major components in the Korean Omija, Schisandra chinensis. These compounds were divided into two groups, S-biphenyl and R-biphenyl based on the configurations of the stereoisomers structures with contents of 661.7 and 1350.1mg per 100 g dry weight, respectively. The total lignan content averaged 2011.4mg per 100 g dry weight, of which schisandrin and gomisin N comprised the majority (771.8 and 420.5mg per 100 g dry weight respectively). Conclusions : Lignans which are present in high quantities in the ripe fruit of Schisandra chinensis are important functional compounds that play a major role in the prevention and treatment of human diseases.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 2016

Predicting possible distributed area of Schisandra chinensis which has long term cultivation period among non-timber forest products is needed to be studied to deal with climate change. Hence, distribution of Schisandra chinensis in the 2050s and 2070s was predicted under two scenario, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, with ensemble of 5 climate models used in IPCC AR5. According to estimation using RCP 4.5, distribution of Schisandra chinensis in 2050s appeared to decrease 43% of current area and appeared to decrease 57% in 2070s respectively. Moreover, According to estimation using RCP 8.5, distribution of Schisandra chinensis in 2050s appeared to decrease 55% of current area and appeared to decrease 85% in 2070s. As a final outcome, Schisandra chinensis was estimated to extinct in the future except Gangwon-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do when analyzing change between current distributed area and future distributed area. As a result, those areas were classified as vulnerable areas to climate change. Therefore, Gangwon-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do were thought to be ideal for growing Schisandra chinensis. The result from this study can be used to provide basic information for selecting proper area of Schisandra chinensis considering climate change effect.