• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.490-508
• /
• 2013

One of the most important scalability issues facing the current Internet is the rapidly increasing rate of BGP updates (BGP churn), to which route flap and path exploration are the two major contributors. Current countermeasures would either cause severe reachability loss or delay BGP convergence, and are becoming less attractive for the rising concern about routing convergence as the prevalence of Internet-based real time applications. Based on the observation that highly active prefixes usually repeatedly explore very few as-paths during path exploration, we propose a router-level mechanism, Path Exploration Aggregation (PEA), to scale BGP without either causing prefix unreachable or slowing routing convergence. PEA performs aggregation on the transient paths explored by a highly active prefix, and propagates the aggregated path instead to reduce the updates caused by as-path changes. Moreover, in order to avoid the use of unstable routes, PEA purposely prolongs the aggregated path via as-path prepending to make it less preferred in the perspective of downstream routers. With the BGP traces obtained from RouteViews and RIPE-RIS projects, PEA can reduce BGP updates by up to 63.1%, shorten path exploration duration by up to 53.3%, and accelerate the convergence 7.39 seconds on average per routing event.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2010.09c
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2010

Rockfill zones in CFRD consist typically of large granular materials, usually the maximum particle size up to several meters, which makes laboratory testing to determine the mechanical properties of rockfill difficult. Commonly, the design strength of the rockfills is obtained by scaling down the original rockfill materials and performing laboratory strength tests for the reduced size materials. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of particle size on the shear behavior and the strength for granular materials. A series of large-scale triaxial tests was conducted on large granular materials with the maximum particle size varying from 20 to 50mm. The test results showed that overall shear behaviors were similar between the samples with different particle sizes while there were slight differences in the magnitudes of the peak shear stress between the samples. In addition, a simulation of the granular material with the max. particle size of 20mm was performed using DEM code, $PFC^{2D}$, and compared with the test results. The deviatoric stress versus strain behaviors of experimental and numerical tests were found to be matched well up to the peak stress state.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.13-22
• /
• 2020

Purpose: Vietnam's financial sector has grown substantially but microfinance institutions (MFIs) still face up many challenges in providing financial services to underserved customer segments, including small businesses, rural populations, and urban migrants. The recent worldwide explosion of fintech, including in Vietnam, promises to fill this gap. The purpose of this paper is to analyze fintech activities in microfinance sector and recommend for fintech adoption of MFIs in Vietnam. Research Design, Data and Methodology: The paper's data is mainly based on international organizations such as Asia Development Bank (ADB), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and Vietnamese organizations such as Vietnam Microfinance Working Group. The authors suggest new directions for microfinance activities in Vietnam. Results: In recent years, the application of fintech in microfinance sector has brought many good results, such as improving the quality of products and services, easy access to many customer groups, and scaling up the operating model. Conclusion: MFIs in Vietnam have developed new products and services by applying fintech. The application of technology and digital solution has supported MFIs in Vietnam to gradually achieve targeted growth through expanding geographical inclusion/scale, enhancing product supply/provision, helping in-depth customer understanding as well as improving operational efficiency.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.349-357
• /
• 2021

Monoclonal antibodies are widely used as diagnostic reagents and for therapeutic purposes, and their demand is increasing extensively. To produce these proteins in sufficient quantities for commercial use, it is necessary to raise the output by scaling up the production processes. This review describes recent trends in high-density cell culture systems established for monoclonal antibody production that are excellent methods to scale up from the lab-scale cell culture. Among the reactors, hollow fiber bioreactors contribute to a major part of high-density cell culture as they can provide a tremendous amount of surface area in a small volume for cell growth. As an alternative to hollow fiber reactors, a novel disposable bioreactor has been developed, which consists of a polymer-based supermacroporous material, cryogel, as a matrix for cell growth. Packed bed systems and disposable wave bioreactors have also been introduced for high cell density culture. These developments in high-density cell culture systems have led to the monoclonal antibody production in an economically favourable manner and made monoclonal antibodies one of the dominant therapeutic and diagnostic proteins in biopharmaceutical industry.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.147-161
• /
• 2018

For wind engineering applications downbursts are, presently, almost exclusively modeled, both experimentally and numerically, as transient impinging momentum jets (IJ), even though that model contains none of the physics of real events. As a result, there is no connection between the IJ-simulated downburst wind fields and the conditions of formation of the event. The cooling source (CS) model offers a significant improvement since it incorporates the negative buoyancy forcing and baroclinic vorticity generation that occurs in nature. The present work aims at using large-scale numerical simulation of downburst-producing thunderstorms to develop a simpler model that replicates some of the key physics whilst maintaining the relative simplicity of the IJ model. Using an example of such a simulated event it is found that the non-linear scaling of the velocity field, based on the peak potential temperature (and, hence, density) perturbation forcing immediately beneath the storm cloud, produces results for the radial location of the peak radial outflow wind speeds near the ground, the magnitude of that peak and the time at which the peak occurs that match well (typically within 5%) of those produced from a simple axi-symmetric constant-density dense source simulation. The evolution of the downdraft column within the simulated thunderstorm is significantly more complex than in any axi-symmetric model, with a sequence of downdraft winds that strengthen then weaken within a much longer period (>17 minutes) of consistently downwards winds over almost all heights up to at least 2,500 m.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• v.9
• /
• pp.165-170
• /
• 1999

We have investigated the mixed-state Hall effect in HgBa$_2CaCu_2O_6$, HgBa$_2Ca_2Cu_3O_8$, and Tl$_2Ba_2Cau_2O_8$ thin films as functions of the magnetic field up to 18 T. At high fields and low temperatures, the scaling exponent in ${\rho}_{xy}$ = A${\rho}_{xx}\;^{\beta}$ shows a universal behavior, ${\beta}$ = 1 ${\pm}$ 0.1, regardless of the field, the number of CuO$_2$ layers, the types of defects, and even the types of compounds. At low fields and high temperatures, p = 1 ${\pm}$ 0.1 also appears as a universal number although the observed field range is rather limited. These observations show the universal scaling of Hall resistivity in the regions of the clean and the moderately clean limit, consistent with a theory based on the midgap states in the vortex core.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2009

A novel phase-locked loop(PLL) architecture with resistance and capacitance scaling scheme has been proposed. The proposed PLL has three charge pumps. The effective capacitance and resistance of the loop filter can be scaled up/down according to the locking status by controlling the direction and magnitude of each charge pump current. This architecture makes it possible to have a narrow bandwidth and low resistance in the loop filter, which improves phase noise and reference spur characteristics. It has been fabricated with a 3.3V $0.35{\mu}m$ CMOS process. The measured locking time is $25{\mu}s$ with the measured phase noise of -105.37 dBc/Hz @1MHz and the reference spur of -50dBc at 851.2MHz output frequency

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.19 no.12
• /
• pp.133-141
• /
• 2014

An efficient method for reducing power consumption in pipelined deep packet inspection systems is proposed. It is based on the observation that the number of memory accesses is dominant for the power consumption and the number of accesses drops drastically as the input goes through stages of the pipelined AC-DFA. A DPI system is implemented where the operating frequency of the stages that are not frequently used in the pipeline is reduced to eliminate the waste of power consumption. The power consumption of the proposed DPI system is measured upon various input character set and up to 25% of reduction of total power consumption is obtained, compared to those of the recent DPI systems. The method can be easily applied to other pipelined architecture and string searching applications.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.771-781
• /
• 2016

This purpose of this study is to identify and conceptualize difficulty of abstract experiencing human rights process conducted in caretaker workers of the disabled residential facilities by utilizing multidimensional scaling. Focused on the caretaker workers of the disabled residential facilities in Busan, gathering a declarative sentence from caretaker workers, have classified index card. According to the results of the analysis, be reached name of six cluster. In facilities, caretaker workers was recognized Communication of the conflict between those People with intellectual disabilities, intention of service provider is not taken into account, those people emphasis to show up for caretaker workers, conflict based subjective human rights awareness of those People with intellectual disabilities. External facilities, interest in human rights is increasing becoming of pollution have difficulty to work hard time gaps between practice of human rights management and on-the-job experience, the rigidity of human rights investigation and inspection, lack of consideration for the caretaker workers. Based on this result, this study suggested a number of practical implications which can be used to reduce difficulty of human rights process conducted in the caretaker workers of the disabled residential facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.33 no.3 s.110
• /
• pp.18-30
• /
• 2005

Since the 1990s, with the beginning of local autonomy, most Korean cities have tried to establish and reinforce their own identity. The Law on the Planning and the Use of National Land, which took effect in January 2003, requires major and minor cities to manage and develop a city image and a marketing strategy to reflect their current condition. However, many cities continue to experience confusion in implementing urban landscape planning because no efficient and systematic method has been provided for the analysis of a city's image. The absence of systematic analysis methods makes it difficult not only to assess the current condition of a city accurately but also to choose an appropriate policy for the given city. Consequently, many cities suffer excessive trials and errors in implementing the correct policies for their city. The purpose of this study was to analyze the image: of Kongju, which has many historical properties. For this purpose, adjective questionnaires and multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) were made use of in order to assess the city image. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. There are five properties that serve as landmarts lie symbolize Kongju: Muryeong royal tomb, Castle Kong, Mt. Gyeoiryong, Forest Museum, and Kongju National Museum. 2. Based on the citizen survey regarding the city type, Kongju is seen as a historical and an educational city. 3. Based on the image positioning (image spatial plot), Kongju is described as an old and familiar city. There we, however, no landmarks which are in accord with the image of Kongju. It is difficult to establish and reinforce the image of a city with a single element like a landmark However, with steady follow-up research, this study may serve as a systematic and logical model to improve the urban landscape and image.