• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.116-127
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of Gamitonggyung-tang on Primary Dysmenorrhea. Methods: We treated 33 cases of primary dysmenorrhea patients with Gamitonggyung-tang for three menstrual cycles. We estimated the effects by Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) and checked amount of the analgesics taken during menstrual phase. Results: After treatment, the mean of VAS, MDQ Score and amount of the analgesics taken were decreased. Conclusions: This case shows that Gamitonggyung-tang is effective in treating primary dysmenorrhea patients.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of chuna with and without acupuncture, and compare the effect of both group by VAS (visual analogue scale) and Cox menstrual symptom scale. Methods This study was carried out on 24 dysmenorrhea patients. 24 patients were divided into single treatment group(Group A) and combined treatment group (Group B). Group A treated with chuna. Group B treated with chuna and acupuncture. After performing chuna and acupuncture 8 weeks, we compared both in terms of VAS and Cox menstrual symptom scale. Results 1) Both group A and group B showed significant improvement in abdominal pain and lumbago after treatment. 2) Both group A and group B showed significant improvement in Cox menstrual symptom scale for both frequency and severity after treatment. 3) There were no significant differences between both groups. Conclusions According to above results, we found out that performing chuna with and without acupuncture has effect in terms of VAS and Cox menstrual symptom scale. But, we can't found out difference between single treatment and combined treatment.

• 공업화학
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2016

막결합 축전식 탈염(MCDI)의 운전과정에서 전극반응에 의한 경도물질의 스케일 생성이 탈염성능에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. $Ca^{2+}$ 이온을 함유한 유입수에 대해 흡착 및 탈착과정을 반복하면서 사이클에 따른 유출수의 농도와 셀 전위의 변화를 분석하였다. 셀 전위가 약 0.8 V 이상에서 음극에서 수산화이온 생성반응이 시작되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 전극반응으로 생성된 $OH^-$ 이온이 흡착된 $Ca^{2+}$ 이온과 결합하여 음극 탄소전극 표면에서 $Ca(OH)_2$ 스케일이 생성되었다. 스케일이 생성되면서 탄소전극의 전기저항이 증가하여 흡착량은 크게 감소하였다. 셀 전위를 1.5 V에서 운전한 경우 스케일의 영향으로 흡착량은 초기 흡착량의 58%까지 감소하였다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.363-373
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• 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was of scale using auditory biofeedback training and kinging training on walking speed and weight bearing ratio in patients hemiplegia with stroke to determine of the effects of such training would be maintained even after stopping the intervention. METHODS: The 30 subject were classified into three groups : 12 times, 3 times a week receiving the control, the experimental group scale using auditory and kicking training for 4 weeks. In addition, all subjects in the control group and experimental groups received the same general exercise treatment 12 times, 3 times a week for 4 weeks, and underwent follow-up tests. The significance of differences between the control group and the experimental groups was analysis by repeated-ANOVA, Interaction time and groups was analysis by repeated-ANOVA. In case where there were differences, post-hot tests were conducted using repeated measure ANOVA. RESULTS: There were significant differences in 10 m walking speed and weight bearing ratio between the control group and experimental group after the performance of the scale using auditory training and kicking training. Scale using auditory biofeedback training 4 weeks was more effective than kicking training. After 8 weeks weight bearing ratio maintained on scale using auditory training. CONCLUSION: These finding suggest that the scale using auditory biofeedback training and kicking training has positive effects on hemiplegia with stroke.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2011

This study examined the emission characteristics of impure gas-like hydrogen sulfide and siloxane contained in landfill gas (LFG) and investigated the effect of impure gas on LFG utility facilities. As a result of an LFG component analysis from eight landfills in the same environment, hydrogen sulfide averaged 436 ppmv (22-1,211 ppmv), and the concentration of total siloxane averaged 7.95 mg/$m^3$ (1.85-21.18 mg/$m^3$). In case of siloxane concentration by component, the ratio of D4 (average 3.79 mg/$m^3$) and D5 (average 2.64 mg/$m^3$) indicated the highest level. Different kinds of scales were found on the gas air heater (GAH) and inside the boiler. The major component of scale from the GAH was $Fe_2O_3$ of 38.5%, and it was caused by hydrogen sulfide. Other scale was found on the bottom and the wall of the boiler and the scale was silicon dioxide of 92.8% and 98.9%. The silicon dioxide scale was caused by combustion of siloxane. As a result of a scanning electron microscopy analysis, the structure of the silicon dioxide scale from the boiler was an immediate filamentous type. Consequently, as silicon dioxide scale is bulky, such bad effects were worsening, as an interruption in heat conduction, increase in fuel consumption, damage to the boiler by overheating, and clogged emission pipeline could occur in LFG utility facilities.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
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• pp.21-24
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• 2006

Processes controlling the interannual variation of mixed layer temperature (MLT) averaged over the NINO3 domain ($150-90^{\circ}W$, $5^{\circ}N-5^{\circ}S$) are studied using an ocean data assimilation product that covers the period of 1993 to 2003. Advective tendencies are estimated here as the temperature fluxes through the domain's boundaries, with the boundary temperature referenced to the domain-averaged temperature to remove the dependence on temperature scale. The overall balance is such that surface heat flux opposes the MLT change but horizontal advection and subsurface processes assist the change. The zonal advective tendency is caused primarily by large-scale advection of warm-pool water through the western boundary of the domain. The meridional advective tendency is contributed mostly by Ekman current advecting large-scale temperature anomalies though the southern boundary of the domain. Unlike many previous studies, we explicitly evaluate the subsurface processes that consist of vertical mixing and entrainment. In particular, a rigorous method to estimate entrainment allows an exact budget closure. The vertical mixing across the mixed layer (ML) base has a contribution in phase with the MLT change. The entrainment tendency due to temporal change in ML depth is negligible comparing to other subsurface processes. The entrainment tendency by vertical advection across the ML base is dominated by large-scale changes in wind-driven upwelling and temperature of upwelling water. Tropical instability waves (TIWs) result in smaller-scale vertical advection that warms the domain during La Ni? cooling events. When the advective tendencies are evaluated by spatially averaging the conventional local advective tendencies of temperature, the apparent effects of currents with spatial scales smaller than the domain (such as TIWs) become very important as they redistribute heat within the NINO3 domain. However, such internal redistribution of heat does not represent external processes that control the domain-averaged MLT.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of mobilization combined active movement(SNAGS) on the pain and recovery of function of acute low back pain patients. Methods: The subjects were consisted of 135 patients with acute low back pain. All subjects randomly assigned to mobilization group, stretching exercise group and modality treatment group. The mobilization group received mobilization combined active movement(SNAGS) with modality treatment, exercise group received stretching exercise with modality treatment and modality treatment group received modality treatment. Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) was used to measure patient's pain level and Patient Specific Functional Scale(PSFS) was used to measure patient's functional disability level. Results: The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) was mobilization group showed significantly decreased more than comparison group(p<.01) and active treatment group showed significantly decreased more than passive treatment group(p<.01). 2. Patient Specific Functional Scale(PSFS) was mobilization group showed significantly increased more than comparison group(p<.01) and active treatment group showed significantly increased more than passive treatment group(p<.01). Conclusion: It maybe suggested that mobilization combined active movement(SNAGS) is beneficial treatment for acute low back pain patient.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of rotation direction during curved walking on gait parameters in stroke patients. Methods: A group of thirty subjects with stroke (Berg Balance Scale score${\geq}41$ were fifteen, Berg Balance Scale score${\leq}40$ were fifteen) were enrolled in this study. Testing indications included two directions for rotation in each subject. These indications were for rotation toward the affected and unaffected side in stroke patients. The gait speed, affected side single support duration, affected side double support duration were recorded. The obtained data were analyzed by using paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test in the group that are below and above 40 points of Berg Balance Scale score. Results: There was significant increase affected side single support duration was turned the affected side in stroke patients that presented a Berg Balance Scale score${\geq}41$ (p<.05). There were significant increase gait speed, affected side single support duration, and significant decrease affected side double support duration while subjects were turned the affected side in stroke patients that presented a Berg Balance Scale score${\leq}40$ (p<.05). Conclusion: This result may be effective to rotate in the paralyzed direction to improve the ability of the paralyzed lower limb to gain weight during gait training for stroke patients with a Berg Balance Scale score<40. Therefore, walking training program for hemiplegic patient needs to be suggested in the direction of turning for suitable balance ability.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.276-287
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was to identity the relationships between the side effects of depression and quality of sleep among gynecological cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: The data was collected from 113 patients at two general hospitals within B metropolitan city. The instruments used to collect the data for the study was the 'Side Effect Scale' developed by Kwon, Young-eun; 'Depression scale' developed by Oh, Se-man, and the 'Quality of Sleep Scale' developed by Oh, Song & Kim. Results: Results showed that the mean of side effects was $39.75{\pm}9.99$, mean of depression was $9.63{\pm}3.93$ and mean of 'quality of sleep' was $36.99{\pm}6.66$. The quality of sleep variable showed statistically significant differences for the variables: age (F=3.203, p=.026), cancer insurance (t=-2.278, p=.025), and perceived physical condition (F=3.152, p=.047) respectively. The relationship between side effects and quality of sleep showed a low negative, but significant correlation (r=-.327, p<.001). The relationship between depression and quality of sleep also showed a low negative correlation (r=-.365, p<.001). Conclusion: This study shows that it is necessary to develop nursing intervention programs because it can successfully improve the quality of sleep of gynecological cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.4615-4621
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• 2015

Background: The popularity of the water pipe, also referred to as hookah, narghile, shisha or hubble-bubble, has increased tremendously during the past few decades. This study was conducted to determine student water pipe smoking status and perceptions about the effects of water pipe smoking on health in a state university in Ankara. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2014 and January 2015. The data were collected with a questionnaire and "The Scale of Perception about the Effects of Water Pipe Smoking on Health". The data obtained were evaluated in IBM SPSS (version 20.0) statistical package program in computer. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the analyses by checking homogeneity of variances and Student's t-test. Values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The total mean score obtained by young people who took part in the study was determined as ($\bar{X}=65.20{\pm}1.25$, min=33, max=75). Upon comparison of the total mean scores obtained by young people from the Scale of Perception about the effects of water pipe smoking on health and gender variable, the scores obtained by the females students were higher than those of the male students with a statistically significant difference (t=7.525, p<0.05). A statistically significant difference was observed between the total mean scores obtained by young people with cigarette and water pipe smoking status (for each, t=-3.731, p<0.05; t=-13.987, p<0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, university students have wrong knowledge on the dangers of water pipe smoking. There was a high prevalence of using water pipes among university students. Gender significantly affected the perceptions about the effect of water pipe smoking on health in our sample.