• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.923-934
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• 2001

In order to investigate a pathogenesis of liver damage induced by skin burn, thermal injury was induced by scald burn on entirely dorsal surface in rats (total body surface area 30%) except for inhalated injury. At 5 and 24 h after scald bum, biochemical assay and morphological changes in skin tissue, serum and liver tissue were examined. The effects of bum injury on the levels of glutathione, lipid peroxide and on the activities of oxygen free radical generating and scavenging enzymes have been determined in association with observing of histologic and ultrastructural changes, measuring the protein concentration in plasma, and counting the number of intravascular polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The activity of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme of oxygen free radical generating system. was elevated (p<0.01) in serum, but not in skin and in liver tissue. Futhermore, thermal injury decreased not only the protein concentration in plasma but also the number of leukocytes, that indicates induction of edema formation with protein exudation and inflammation by neutrophil infiltration into the internal organs. These data suggest that acute dermal scald burn injury leads to liver damage, that is related to elevation of xanthine oxidase activity in serum. Xanthine oxidase may be a key role in the pathogenesis of liver damage induced by skin burn.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2002

To investigate an effect of bum on the cardiac function, we studied some biochemical assay, ultrastructural changes and stereological analysis in heart tissue. Sprague-Dawley rats were induced a 15% total body surface area scald burn. 5 and 24 hours later, the heart was excised. Burned rats showed the decrease of heart weight per body weight (%) compared with control. The activity of serum aspartate aminotransferase was significantly increased at 5 (p＜0.001) and 24 hours (p＜0.01) after burn compared with control. And the activity of serum LDH was decreased at 5 hours after burn but increased at 24 hours compared with control. Ultrastructurally, enlargement of interstitium and destruction of sarcolemma were observed at 5 and 24 hours after burn. Especially at 5 hours postburn, hypercontraction band was noted and at 24 hours, wavy fiber and muscle fraying were noted. In stereological changes, volume density of mitochondria and myofibril was significantly decreased at postburn 5 and 24 hours. But volume density of sarcoplasmic reticulum was significantly increased at postburn 5 hours. Our data suggest that dermal scald bum causes myocardial dysfunction.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2002

In order to investigate a pathogenesis of liver damage induced by skin burn, thermal injury was induced by scald burn on entirely dorsal surface in rats (total body surface area 30%) except for inhalated injury. At 5 and 24 h after scald burn, biochemical assay in skin tissue, serum and liver tissue were examined. The effects of burn injury on the levels of glutathione, lipid peroxide and on the activities of oxygen of histologic and ultrasound changes, measuring. the protein concentration in plasma, and counting the number of intravascular polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Post burn 24 h, the content of glutathione was decreased (47.50%), whereas that of lipid peroxide was increased (37.01%), and the activity of superoxide dismutase was diminished (p<0.001). Thus decreasing the capacity of oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes led to oxidative injury in skin tissue. In liver tissue, at 24 h after scald burn, both the content of glutathione and the activity of catalase were markedly decreased (p<0.01, p<0.05), thus the imbalance between free radical generating and scavenging capacities has been induced.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.425-431
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• 2014

Leaf scald caused by the infection of Rhynchosporium secalis, is a worldwide crop disease resulting in significant loss of barley yield. In this study, a systematic sequencing of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) was chosen to obtain a global picture of the assembly of genes involved in pathogenesis. To identify a large number of plant ESTs, which are induced at different time points, an amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) display of complementary DNA (cDNA) was utilized. Transcriptional changes of 140 ESTs were observed, of which 19 have no previously described function. Functional annotation of the transcripts revealed a variety of infection-induced host genes encoding classical pathogenesis-related (PR) or genes that play a role in the signal transduction pathway. The expression analyses by a semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that Rar1 and Rpg4 are defense inducible genes, and were consistent with the cDNA-AFLP data in their expression patterns. Hence, the here presented transcriptomic approach provides novel global catalogue of genes not currently represented in the EST databases.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.299-313
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• 2003

The aim of the present study was to assess the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the development of cardiac injury following scald burn. Sprague-Dawley rats were induced a scald burn a 15% total body surface area. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 2 mg/kg) and bisindolylmaleimide (BIS, 0.05 mg/kg) were immediately administered i.p. after burn injury. 5 h and 24 h later, heart was removed and examined biochemical assay, ultrastructural changes and stereological analysis. The activity of serum aspartate aminotransferase was significantly increased at 5h (p<0.01) and 5h+BIS (p<0.001) after burn compared with that of control. The activity of serum creatinine was significantly decreased in PMA-treated groups after burn compared with postburn 5 h. PMA caused a decrease in MPO activity and induced wavy fibers in cardiac myocytes at postburn 5 and 24h. BIS induced contraction band, separation of intercalated disk and abnormal mitochondria in cardiac myocytes at postburn 5 and 24h. In stereological analysis, treatment of rats with PMA increased volume density of myofibril and mitochondria compared with postburn 5 and 24h. Our data suggest that the activation of PKC in scald burned heart decreases inflammation and protects the myocardium.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 1978

This study was carried out to determine the proper transplanting time of Platanus occidentalis L. (plane tree, sycamore) with 5 to 6 cm and 25 to 30 cm in diameter of breast height at the forest nursery of Chonnam National University in 1977. For that purpose, the experiment of the time of transplantation, and the moisture content and soluble sugar were analysed. The results are as follows: 1. Both its rooting and growth were slightly different in the period of January to early April (before bud-break), but remarkably declined after its bud-break (mid-April to May). 2. And also, its moisture content and soluble sugar were slightly different (January to early April), but, on the other hand, considerably increased in the content of moisture and sharply decreased in soluble sugar after bud-break (mid-April to May). 3. In comparision with healthy trees, rooting and growth of trees infected with Cankers were unusually retarded and its moisture content and soluble sugar were much less. 4. The proper time to plant sycamore was recognized to be the period of November to March, since the higher amounts of soluble sugar and the lesser amounts of moisture in that period. 5. The sudden exposure to the sun of the boles of diseased and wounded trees could be in death in case of sun-scald on the side of south-west. 6. Pruning wounds should be treated with an antiseptic, as soon as they are made, to prevent entrance of decay or disease while the wound is healing. 7. The wound and sun-scald can be presented by covering the trunk with straw ropes before transplantations.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.89-95
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• 2009

We report the case of a 65-year-old female with burn injury from scalds. She was observed with a burn injury of the right arm and leg that occurred 6 days before. She was treated with pharmacoacupuncture Soyeom, and herb medicine daily for 3 weeks. After Twenty days, burn wound size was reduced and tissue regeneration was accelerated. In conclusion, it is our belief that pharmacoacupuncture and herb medicine is effective to treat burn injury, and future studies will be required to ascertain this method on burn injury.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.111-117
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• 2008

An automation process of filter unit is presented for the application of the assembling procedure and dry furnace work. By that automation procedure, it is expected to enhance working environment such as reducing laboring load, harmful gas, and burning scald. Furthermore, this automation process also minimizes via standardization of manufacturing process so that it may increase productivity and reliability. An automation process of filter unit is presented for the application of the assembling procedure and dry furnace work. Filter automation process also gives a good quality and productivity by simplifying to only one line from the complicated process such as filter cutting$\rightarrow$ adhering$\rightarrow$fabricating in a very small space. It is found that a new conceptual design of dry furnace shows the better quality like uniform heat distribution compared to the conventional design. It is also found that the present design gives a better working environment by adding cooling system.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.21-38
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• 2004

Objectives : Moxibustion has been become very useful tool to prevent and treat various diseases with acupuncture in oriental medicine. Expecially, moxibustion combining the heat stimulation and chemical stimulation of Artemisiae Argyi has a non-invasive characteristics comparing to the other therapeutic tools. However, because the moxibustion makes the patient's skin be burn by the combustible feature of moxibustion, most of people have been scared of being scald. Methods : In this study, we have developed new non-combustible moxibustion tools in collaboration with company (Hana Medical, co. and ICURE, co.) and tested the efficacy through effects of moxibustion of Cheon-chu $(ST_{25})$ on the abdominal thermography of health subject. The non-combustible moxibustion has main characteristics of controlled heating to inhibit being scald and heat stimulation lasting over 1 hrs. Also, to induce the chemical stimulation, the bottom contacting with skin was coated by the extract of artemisiae argyi. The volunteers who participating in this study had taken rest for 20 - 30 mins in room temperature $(23-25^{\circ}C)$ before the examination and informed them what to prohibit smoking, drinking and administration of drug for the previous day The thermography of abdomen including a below part of the chest was taken using Infra-Red Imaging System (IR 2000, MEDI-CORE Co., Korea) by time interval of 15 minutes. Results : The results showed that moxibustion of Cheon-chu $(ST_{25})$ had more potencies of changes on all the ROIs of abdominal thermography than those of control group. Also, it was observed that the quantities of thermal changes following moxibustion of Cheon-chu $(ST_{25})$ been increased significantly comparing that of control group at all the ROIs (region of interest). Observed the thermography classified by ROI, however, moxibustion of Cheon-chu $(ST_{25})$ could modulate ipsilateral specific areas concerning to the abdominal pathway of Stomach Meridian. Conclusion : These results suggest that new non-combustible moxibusion has some similarity as like as the conventional moxibustion and moxibustion of Cheon-chu $(ST_{25})$ may modulate thermal changes of abdominal areas.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.41-52
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• 1990

To investigate the liquefaction potential of sands, a series of untrained cyclic triaxial compression tests is carried out on the samples of Ottawa, Joomoonjin, Hn river and Hongseung sands. The constitutive equations of sands are derived to explain the mechanical behavior of sands under cyclic stresses, and are applicable to liquefaction analysis. The following results are obtainded in this study. 1. Sands with the lower confining pressure or relative density are to be easily liquefied, and when the amplitude of cyclic stress are large, liquefaction takes places over only a few cycles. 2. Stress ratio, porewater pressure ratio and cyclic shear strains are to be good criteria to evaluate liquefaction potential of sands. 3. Hongseung sands which contains some silty clay shows higher dynamic properties than other sands. 4. The dynamic behaviors of undisturbed Hongseung sand are about same as those of dense sands. It is noted that undisturbed Hongseung sand shows higher liquefaction potential than the samples made by pluviation under same relative density, 5. The constitutive equations of soils under cyclic loads are developed based on the theory of elasto-plasticity, logarithmic stress-strain rela'tionship, non-associated flow rule and the concept of the boundary surface. The derived equations is applicable to predict the behavior of sands under cyclic loads and liquefaction potential with a higher accuracy. 6. Based on results of the study it may be concluded that cracks of the foundations and dislocation of the structures at Hongseung earthquakes(Oct. 7, 1978, Richter scald 5.2) are not brought by the liquefaction process.