• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.608-611
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• 2002

We developed low resistance drum that is used in sawdust machine in this research. The existent drum have two dimensional cutting form(orthogonal cutting) when see cutting pattern of saw cutter and wood, cutting resistance is big and cutting power is cost much, and also, vibration happens extremely. To improve this shortcoming, we developed helical type low cutting resistance drum for three dimensional cutting possible, decreased vibration and cutting resistance of sawdust machine, and improve productivity and sawdust ventilation. Also, a developed drum is mounting in sawdust machine, it is sold by product.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.88-92
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• 2004

We developed a helical type drum with an oblique cutting condition for sawdust machine. The existing drum has an orthogonal cutting(2D) condition considering of saw cutter and wood cutting pattern. Additional disadvantage of this type include big cutting resistance, high cost of cutting power and extreme occurrence of vibrations. To improve this shortcoming, we developed a helical type drum with an oblique cutting(3D) condition, therefore, this type drum decreased the vibration and cutting resistance of sawdust machine, and also improved productivity and sawdust porosity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.419-424
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• 2004

In order to increase the efficiency of the sawdust machine, the helical type drums with an oblique cutting condition (3D) were developed. The preexisting drums have an orthogonal cutting condition (2D) considering of a saw cutter and a wood cutting pattern. Unfortunately, the disadvantages of this type drum are the big cutting resistance, the high cost of a cutting power and the extreme occurrence of a vibration. To improve this shortcoming, the helical type drum with an oblique cutting condition was developed. Therefore, this type drum decreased the vibration and the cutting resistance of the sawdust machine, and also improved the productivity of 30% or more and the porosity of the sawdust.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.363-367
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• 2006

Food wastes were decomposed into the Mugri (Isung Engineering, Korea), a food waste reduction machine, with adding sawdust of cryptomeria. Degradation effects were better when the machine worked at over 45$^{\circ}C$ than those at the lower temperature. Thermophilic bacteria were isolated from cryptomeria sawdust and the food waste products degraded by the machine. The isolates from cryptomeria sawdust were classified into 3 genera (Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter sp. and Erwinia cypripedii) and almost all the isolates from the degraded products were partially identified as Bacillus sp. by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The isolated thermophilic bacteria showed degradative enzyme activities. In the case of addition of the 30 thermophilic bacteria into the machine, degradation rate of food wastes was almost twice as high with increasing process temperature up to 6$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2010

This study has been carried out to investigate the characteristics of pellets manufactured from sawdust, and a mixture of liquid wood-tar and sawdust. Pellets were prepared at room temperature under 2000 kgf/$cm^2$ using an universal testing machine. The pellets prepared from Q. variabilis wood had slightly higher density than those prepared from P. densiflora wood. The amount of fine particles from Q. variabilis wood pellets was smaller than those from P. densiflora wood. The pellets from P. densiflora wood had higher heating values than those from Q. variabilis wood. The wood pellets manufactured with wood tar showed higher moisture content, density and heating value, but lower fine particles. From the experimental results, it is suggested that wood tar can be used to obtain the higher quality wood pellets.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1996.06c
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• pp.1031-1040
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• 1996

Spawn bottle cutting and spawn cake shredding machine has been developed to save the farm labor and operating cost for mushroom growing farmers. The prototype can cut the bottom and side of the bottle while shredding the spawn cake by one farmer. The cutting plastic shell is done by two couples of high speed disc saws that can cut cross section and lengthwise two side of the bottle, while spawn cake shredding is done by spike teethed rotating drum and wiremesh concave. The optimum speed of cutting disc saw was observed 1.700rpm both the cross cutting saw and lengthwise cutting saw in consideration of the cutting accuracy. And the location for the instalation of cross cutting disc saw was considered as around 4 mm above the table bottom , while the optimum clearance between two edges of lengthwise cutting disc saw was showed 86mm. For the sawdust spawn cake shredder , proper size of spawn sawdust granule was observed in the 15 x 15mm size withmesh concave with the shredding rum speed of 500rpm. The prototype can be reduce 73 per cent of working hours with the working cost reduction of 49 per cent compare with those of conventional operation.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.161-165
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• 2011

Small scale mushroom growers take a lot of the costs in the bottle cultivation than the large scale growers. Therefore, they are not competitive in the market. Mushroom cultivation in small scale mushroom farm is labor-intensive and this experiment was carried out to establish the method for the cultivation of various kinds of mushrooms together under the similar conditions in the production system. As a result, the common medium were selected based on the growing conditions of Pleurotus eryngii and Agrocybe cylindracea, and the level of medium moisture content were studied. The results were shown below. When the medium in the input stage for bottle cultivation was filled by using automatic machine, the range of the three state rates in the bottle is different depending on ingredients and the mixing ratio. The optimum moisture content of the medium for some mushroom production was a different trend based on the medium cluster of the raw materials. The optimum moisture content for P. eryngii in the medium was 70% (douglas fir sawdust, rice bran or sawdust, dried bean curd refuse). In the medium containing douglas fir sawdust, wheat bran was 65%, and the medium including douglas fir sawdust, wheat bran, dried bean curd refuse was 67%. The optimum moisture content of the above three media for A. cylindracea was 70%. The suitable medium for the bottle cultivation of P. eryngii was selected as douglas fir sawdust 75%, wheat bran 20%, dried bean curd refuse 5%, and moisture content 67%. The medium of A. cylindracea was selected as douglas fir sawdust 75%, wheat bran 25%, and moisture content 70%. The suitable medium for bottle cultivation of P. eryngii and A. cylindracea was shown as douglas fir sawdust 75%, rice bran20%, dried bean curd refuse 5%, and 70% moisture content to be used as a common medium of the growing. The incubation period, primordial formation, and growth environment conditions of P. eryngii and A. cylindracea were a similar trend. Therefore, the small scale farmers of P. eryngii can cultivate A. cylindracea together with P. eryngii.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the operating characteristics, water balance and chemical properties of compost during the composting with pig slurry on-farm trial. The composting plant with sawdust pile filteration was done in a forced aeration inside a house and equipped with a turning machine moving on a rails. The composting pit was 4.6m wide, 53m long and the maximum height was 2m. A field scale aerobic composting facility was tested the composting efficiency of high moisture pig slurry. The sawdust materials remained 6 months. Pig slurry was added to compost pile every other day during 6 months run. The temperature in compost pile and compost house, and input and output of moisture were measured during composting process. The result are summarized as follows; 1. The temperature of compost was varied in range of at $22.4^{\circ}C{\sim}71.1^{\circ}C$. After turning, the composting temperature decreased to $50^{\circ}C{\sim}36^{\circ}C$ during $3{\sim}5$ hours, and then raised to $64.5^{\circ}C$ 2. The temperature of compost house was maintained $20^{\circ}C{\sim}30^{\circ}C$, and relative humidity was varied in range of $50{\sim}99%$. 3. BOD, CODcr and SS of leachate water was reduced 89.5%, 81.2%, 97.5%, respectively. 4. The content of heavy metal in the final compost was lower those of Korea standards. 5. The amount of effluent was 10.2%. Total evaporation during composting Period were 74.8%. The amount of slurry per $1m^3$ sawdust was $3.16m^3$ without treatment of effluent output.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.183-192
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the temperature, water balance, evaporation and physicochemical properties during the composting with pig slurry at a scraper system. The pig slurry was composted on farm trial using continuous aeration with turning machine for 5 month. A compost facility of rectangular concrete bin with dimension of 53 m (length) ${\times}$ 4.6 m (width) ${\times}$ 2 m (height) was bedded with sawdust. The environmental parameters were monitored in period of 5 months. The results were as follows ; 1. During the composting period, the temperature was varied in the range $50{\sim}70^{\circ}C$. The temperature of compost pile was highest in middle layer and lowest in under layer. Temperature difference between middle and under area of compost pile was $5{\sim}20^{\circ}C$. 2. The water content of compost pile varied $50{\sim}68%$. In the period of 50% of water content of compost pile, the temperature of compost was $20{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ and was not successfully composted. 3. In this study, total evaporation was 90% during composting. The amount of slurry per $1m^3$ sawdust by this method was $3.16m^3$ without treatment of effluent output. 4. The chemical properties of produced compost was high, but suitable for plant growth. Concentration of T-N, T-C in the final compost were 1.62, 34%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.93-104
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• 1999

Existing composting system was improved to have a high performance for organic degradation, deodorization and energy reduction. Compared with conventional devices, this developed system uses the heat recovered from platinum catalytic tower by three times heat exchange in which 65% of exhaust gas was recirculated. Evaporation of water was made easy by maintaining negative pressure in entire system. It was possible for reaction to be maintained steadily by microorganism agent. The optimum mixing volume ratio of garbage to sawdust was 15:1 contrary to 20:1 in conventional one. Moreover, aerobic condition was maintained efficiently. Effects obtained by using a inner circulation system were as follows. It was possible to reduce the ammonia causing offensive odor and verified that consumption of electricity cut down to 1/3 with reduction of exhaust gas inflowing. According to this inner circulation, the optimum air flow was $0.44m^3$ to 100kg treatment capacity. The electricity consumption was changed in proportion to inflowing air volume.