• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.43-46
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the utilization of platanus for Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium. The results are as follows ; The growth of mycelial was the highest in the mixture medium of platanus sawdust 90% with rice bran 10% as of 12.8cm after 30days culture. The mycelia density of most of media were high exception of mixture medium, platanus tree sawdust 60% with rice bran 40%. The total nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium contents in all mushroom media were tended to decrease after oyster mushroom growth. In platanus sawdust 90% with rice bran 10%, total nitrogen, potassium, calcium and magnesium content of fruit body were higher than other treatments, but phosphate content was the highest in Douglas-fir sawdust 80% with rice bran 20% treatment as of 0.92%. The mycelial culture period was ranged 26~37 days according to different media, the mushroom yield of culture medium with platanus tree sawdust 80% with rice bran 20% was increased 18% compare to control Douglas-fir sawdust 80% with rice bran 20%.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2009

For the breeding purpose, in this study we attempted to select a new Lentinula edodes strain by comparing mycelial growth rate, fruit-body quality and mushroom productivity per substrate weight of hybrid strains with parent strains. Nineteen hybrid strains were made by cross of di-karyotic and mono-karyotic to develop strains suitable for sawdust cultivation of L. edodes. Among the nineteen strains, ten were selected by comparing mycelial growth rate on PDA media and wood rot on sawdust-based substrates. The most mushroom harvesting was achieved by 100 days incubation from KFRI 960, KFRI 961, KFRI 962, KFRI 963, KFRI 964, KFRI 971, KFRI 973 and 125 days from KFRI 968, 970. Experiment of incubation periods with the ten strains showed that there were productivity differences between 100 and 150 days incubations. Through comparison of hybrid strains' mushroom productivity it was found that there was no difference in mushroom productivity through crossing high temperature types with high temperature types, crossing low temperature types with high temperature types and crossing unknown temperature types with high temperature types, but there was difference through crossing middle temperature types with high temperature types. Hybrid strains showed better productivity compared with parent strains. Fruiting temperature type analysis of hybrid strains confirmed that strains of high temperature types have a dominant character.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2018

A edible mushroom, Clitocybe maxima (Lentinus giganteusis) commercially cultivated in China and Taiwan. However, the researches of cultivation and cultural characteristics were not reported in Korea. In this study, we conducted on cultural characteristics and artificial cultivation of C. maxima. Six isolates were collected from China(3 isolates, commercial strain), Taiwan(1 isolate, commercial strain) and Korea(2 isolates, wild type). C. maxima and L. giganteus collected in China and Taiwan, respectively, are the same in China and are estimated to be of the same species as cultured characteristics. The mycelial growth of the collected strains was not significantly different in agar medium but it showed the best growth in YPMG in liquid culture. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth and induction of fruit body were 25℃ and 30℃, respectively. In order to artificial cultivation of C. maxima, cultural characteristics and artificial cultivation were carried out using agricultural by-products and forestry by-products materials. Mycelial growth was suitable in rice straw, cottonwood sawdust, corncob and rice seed medium, and it was selected as a cultivation medium. The suitable medium for artificial cultivation of C. maxima was selected to mixed medium 2(compounding ratio(v/v): 55% of hardwood sawdust, 5% of cottonseed pellets, 10% of cottonseed, 15% of beet pulp, 15% of swollen rice husks). It took about 30 days to be able to harvest, it was faster than oyster mushrooms. The cultivation period was about 30days. A isolate, CMA-002 was not initiation to fruit body primordiuma on the used cultivation substrate. Other 5 isolates were initiate and development to fruit body on the substrate used in this study. The strain CMA-003 was initiated to be fruiting body by 8~10 days after induction of fruiting body in all of the substrates. Isolate CMA-003 was generate to a bundle fruit body. Other isolates, however, were form fruit body individually. The CMA-003 strain was likely highly recommendable strains for farming. The optimum conditions for the induction and growth of C. maxima fruit body were 25~30℃, 8 hr illumination per day with white fluorescent lamp, 90~95% relative humidity, and 1,500 ppm of CO₂ concentration in a cultivation room.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.140-144
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• 2005

This study was conducted to verify the cause of suppression symptom in mycelial growth during summer and to be able to establish a countermeasure. Cultivation of Flammulina velutipes was experimented with varying elapsed time of 0, 3, 6, 9 hours after mixing the sawdust media and two kinds of water temperature (normal water, $24^{\circ}C$ and cold water, $6^{\circ}C$) for mixing sawdust media. There were trends of increased media temperature from $24^{\circ}C$ to $31^{\circ}C$ and decreased pH from 6.5 to 5.2~5.6 with varying elapsed time from mixing the media to sterilization. Bacterial density also increased with bacterial density in Medium $24^{\circ}C$ being 1.9~4.1 times higher than that in Medium 6. Growth of F. velutipes was delayed with dual culture of bacteria isolated from sawdust media. Total nitrogen content of sawdust media was lowered by elapsed time from mixing the media to sterilization. The use of normal water($24^{\circ}C$) delayed mushroom growth by 1~2 days compared with that of cold water($6^{\circ}C$). Furthermore, mycelial growth of F. velutipes in the bottle cultivation ceased 9 hours after mixing the media. Primordia formation of F. velutipes was delayed by 1~3 days by elapsed time after mixing sawdust media, while fruit-body yield decreased by 7~12% 6 hours after mixing the media. Fruit-body yield was more stabilized with the use of cold water($6^{\circ}C$) than with that of normal water($24^{\circ}C$). Results showed that it is effective to use cold water as low as $6^{\circ}C$ in mixing media for F. velutipes cultivation, especially during summer when environmental temperature is high, high pressure sterilization after bottling work can prevent bacterial propagation in the media and can stabilize media ingredient.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.154-158
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• 2005

The results were as follows; 3 additives(rice bran, wheat bran and soybean bran) to the Quercus dentata sawdust were applied at 10, 20 and 30%. High yield was recorded at 20% of rice bran and wheat bran and 30% of soybean bran. Among various sawdust media, the cultivation with the Quercus dentata sawdust alone showed the most favored growth index, such as 22 days of full mycelial growth, 11 days of pinheading from spawning and 23.5g per $1,200m{\ell}$ bottle. In the size of bottles, the lowest infection ratio was 5 % at $1,200m{\ell}$ bottle. In the growth characteristics with the bottle size, Reishi at $1,600m{\ell}$ bottle showed best result when it is observed for 13~15 days in pinheading from spawing, 36~37 days in fruit bodies growing and 26.7~29.3g yield per bottle. The highest yield per area was 6.4kg at horizontal bed with 218 bottles per $3.3m^2$. The Reishi produced in $1,600m{\ell}$ bottle with horizontal cultivation had less number of fruit bodies and best yield, thus it is determined to be the most economic method.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.62-66
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• 2001

The thirteen commercial insecticides to Lycoriella mali were investigated on their insecticidal activities and mycelial growth of two Letinula edodes strains. For the adults, insecticides showing over 95% insecticidal activity were chlorpyrifos-methyl, fenthion, fenitrothion, benfuracarb, furathiocarb and deltamethrin. For tile larvae, diflubenzuron and cyromazine showed over 90% insecticidal activity. Fenthion, benfuracarb, furathiocarb, deltamethrin, diflubenzuron and cyromazine did not affect the mycelial growth of L. edodes strain, in Imhyup 1 variety. And deltamethrin, diflubenzuron and cyromazine did not affect that in Sanlim-5. Insecticides showing over 80% residual effect for 14 days were benfuracarb to the adults and diflubenzuron and cyromazine to the larvae. Control effect of furathiocarb, fenthion, benfuracarb, deltamethrin, diflubenzuron and cyromazine against larvae of Lycoriella mali showed 90% ten days after application under sawdust cultivation. Among them, benfuracarb, fenthion and furathiocarb revealed excellent control effect against adults. These results indicate that benfuracarb, fenthion, and furathiocarb can be used for the control of Lycoriella mali in the field. However, further studies are needed on the effect of insecticides treatment oil fruit-body yield and chemical residue in the mushroom tissues.

• Mycobiology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.165-170
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• 2000

This study was carried out to obtain the basic data for artificial culture of veiled lady mushroom (Dictyophora spp). The optimal conditions for the mycelial growth were $25^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.0 for all isolates except the optimal temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ for D. echinovolvata ASI 32002 and Phallus rugulosus. The optimal medium for Dictyophora spp. was PBA (potato bamboo sawdust extract agar) medium. The strain ASI 32002, D. echinovolvata, grew faster than. D. indusiata ASI 32003 and Phallus rugulosus ASI 25007 on the medium. Carbon sources such as glucose, maltose and inuline were favorable for stimulating a mycelial growth of the two strains of ASI 32002 and ASI 32003. Asparagine and glutamine appeared to be favorable to the strain ASI 32002 and ASI 32003, where as alanine, one of nitrogen source also favorable to the strain ASI 32002. The optimum C/N ratio of the two isolates of ASI 32002 and ASI 32003 was about 25 : 1 when 2% glucose as carbon source was mixed with the basal medium. While, in the case of 4% as carbon source, the optimum C/N ratio was about 30 : 1.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.31-36
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• 1978

The study has been carried out to invetigate the possibility of oak mushroom (shiitake) cultivation on Ban Oak (Quercus incana) growing naturally in Simlaregion, India. The survival and growth of oak mushroom mycelium and fruit body formation on Q. incana as well as the composition of the log were compared with that of Bristle-tooth oak (Q. serrata) which are being used for mushroom cultivation in Korea. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The content of alcohol-benzen extract, NaOH extract, NaOH extract and ash were higher in Q. incana than in Q. Serrata. While cellulose and pentosan were less in the formers. 2. The mycelial growth of oak mushroom were more rapid on sawdust medium of Q. Serrata than on Q. incana. However the mycelial growth on the later were more compact. 3. The mycelial growth of oak mushroom were more rapid on the logs of Q. serrata than Q. incana. The mycelium survived well on both two species, and no difference in the survival rate of mycelium were observed. 4. The first fruit bodies on logs of Q. Serrata and Q. incana were appeared 16 months inoculation of spawn. 5. In view of the above results. it seems that the cultivation of oak mushroom (shiitake) on Ban oak (Q. incana), growing in India, is possible.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 2002

The suitable sterilization conditions in pot cultivation of varieties of Chunchunutari-2-ho and Suhannutari-1-ho Pleurotus ostreatus were investigated. The substrate formulations for the cultivation consisted of 40% poplar sawdust, 40% waste cotton and 20% beet pulp (PWB), and 40% poplar sawdust, 40% cotton seed hull and 20% beet pulp (PCB). The increase in the sterilization temperature caused decrease in the pH of the substrate. The moisture content of PWB substrate increased by 1.8%, but that of PCB substrate decreased by 4.1 % after low temperature sterilization ($12hr\;at\;60^{\circ}C$). However, a little change in the sterilization at higher temperature ($6hr\;at\;100^{\circ}C\;and\;90min\;at\;121^{\circ}C$) did not alter the moisture content of both substrate appreciably. The duration of mycelial growth was longest and its density was lowest in low temperature sterilization ($12hr\;at\;60^{\circ}C$). The high pressure sterilization ($90min\;at\;121^{\circ}C$) of PCB substrate produced high yield (236.6 g/pot) and the highest biological efficiency (96.6%) for Chunchunutari-2-ho. On the contrary the high temperatures sterilization ($6hr\;at\;100^{\circ}C$) of PCB substrate resulted in the yield of 259.1 g/pot with the biological efficiency 94.9% for Suhannutari-2-ho.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2004

The water soluble fractions(WSF) from Japanese larch wood were isolated, purified by anion exchange resin and Sephadex gel filtration and identified its chemical structure by means of periodate oxidation and methylation reactions. Its major components are arabinose and galactose (1 : 3.4). Based on the results of periodate oxidation, methylation and gas chromatographic analysis of purified WSF, main chain is composed of β-1,3-glycosidic linkage among D-galactopyranoses, and two different side chains; β-1,6-glycosidic linkage among 2-3 units of D-galactopyranoses and β-1,6-glycosidic linkage between 1-2 units of D-galactopyranose and L-arabinopyranose. Addition of WSF to culture media of oak mushroom (Lentinula edodes) accelerated the mycelial growth. In the case of PDA cultures, 2 percent addition of WSF in Sanlim No. 6 strain and 4 percent of WSF in Mok-H strain mostly enhanced the mycelial growth of the mushroom. In the case of sawdust cultures, 4 percent addition of WSF in two strains showed the best mycelial growth. High percentages addition of WSF inhibited mycelial growth of the mushroom. Mushroom production was increased with addition of WSF. By the addition of WSF, ergosterol contents in the media were quite high at the colonized stage and rapidly increased at the fruiting stage. Therefore the ergosterol content could be utilized as an indicator to evaluate the culture maturity for the mushroom fruiting.