• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.155-161
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• 2014

This study presents the real-time emotion image contents player to induce the user's emotion efficiently. The emotion image contents player was designed to efficiently induce by giving a change in the color, brightness, saturation of image contents corresponded to the user's emotion. In the emotion recognition module, physiological signal of pulse, skin temperature, skin resistance which based on autonomic nervous system were used. The emotion recognition part used physiological signal of pulse, skin temperature, skin resistance based on autonomic nervous system. The image as emotional contents was used with the 9 kinds emotion area classified in international affective picture system(IAPS). As experimental results, the use's emotion that match the image's emotion with the emotion image contents player was derived 10% more accurately. The emotion contents player is expected to increase emotional feeling between users's emotion and contents emotion duo to the real-time emotion reflection.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.811-824
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical sedation effect of chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine combination, midazolam, triazolam when young children were sedated for dental treatment. The uncooperative 22 children aged, 25 to 52 months of age(ASA class I) and weighting between 11 and 17kg, participated in the study. Each patient was assigned randomly to receive chloral hydrate(50mg/kg) and hydroxyzine HCl(25mg), midazolam(0.5mg/kg), and triazolam(0.25mg) oral administration : alternative regimens were administered at next appointment. According to rating scale, sleep, crying, movement, and overall behavior response were checked for evaluation of the clinical sedation effect. Pulse rate and oxygen saturation were also measured for monitoring the patients during treatment period by pulse oximeter. The results were as follows: 1. In the evaluation of sedation effect, 90.9% in chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine combination and midazolam, and 77.3% in triazolam were rated "good" or "very good". 2. Sleep was demonstrated to be statistically significant increase in chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine combination group. Despite the fact that chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine group was in a deeper state of sleep, all the children were easily aroused. 3. There were no statistically significance among the three regimens with regard to cry ing, movement, overall behavior. 4. The adverse side effect was vomiting in one patient of chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine combination. There were no clinical sign of respiratory depression.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.339-349
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• 2020

This study investigates the feasibility of using the results of the UPV (ultrasonic pulse velocity) test to assess the UCS (unconfined compressive strength) of unsaturated soil. A series of laboratory tests was conducted on samples of unsaturated lateritic soils of northern Taiwan. Specifically, the unconfined compressive test was combined with the pressure plate test to obtain the unconfined compressive strength and its matric suction (s) of the samples. Soil samples were first compacted at the designated water content and subsequently subjected to the wetting process for saturation and the following drying process to its target suction using the apparatus developed by the authors. The correlations among the UCS, s and UPV were studied. The test results show that both the UCS and UPV significantly increased with the matric suction regardless of the initial compaction condition, but neither the UCS nor UPV obviously varied when the matric suction was less than the air-entry value. In addition, the UCS approximately linearly increased with increasing UPV. According to the investigation of the test results, simplified methods to estimate the UCS using the UPV or matric suction were established. Furthermore, an empirical formula of the matric suction calculated from the UPV was proposed. From the comparison between the predicted values and the test results, the MAPE values of UCS were 4.52-9.98% and were less than 10%, and the MAPE value of matric suction was 17.3% and in the range of 10-20%. Thus, the established formulas have good forecasting accuracy and may be applied to the stability analysis of the unsaturated soil slope. However, further study is warranted for validation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.185-198
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• 1995

This is an experimental study conducted to visualize the nucleate boiling phenomena and flow regimes occurring inside the liquid pool in a closed two-phase thermosyphon. To meet this purpose, an annular-type thermosyphon was designed and manufactured using a glass tube and a stainless steel tube, being assembled axisymmetrically. The heat to be supplied to the working fluid is generated within a very thin layer of stainless steel tube wall by applying a high frequency electromagnetic field through the induction coil, axisymmetrically set around the evaporator zone. Some important results were as follows ; 1) Considering the structural complexity of the tested thermosyphon, it showed good performance for the range of heat flux 2＜ q" ＜25kW/$m^2$ and saturation vapor pressure, 0.1＜Pv＜1.1bar 2) different type of nucleating boiling regimes were observed as described below, -Pulse boiling regime : Flow pattern changed cyclically with time during 1 cycle of pulse boiling process. The onset of Nucleation was followed by expulsive growing of vapor bubble, resulting in the so called blow-up phenomenon, massive expulsion of large amount of liquid around the bubble. -Transient : Some spherical vapor bobbles were observed growing out from 2~3 nucleating sites, that was dispersed at the lower part of the heated tube wall in the liquid pool. But the rest upper region above the nucleating sites were filled with churns or bubbles of vapor. -Continuous nucleate boiling regime : The whole zone of evaporator was filled with lots of spherical vapor bubbles, and the bubbles showed tendency to decrease in diameter as the heat flux increased.ased.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.35-50
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• 2001

This study was conducted for the evaluation of the effects of singing program combined with physical exercise on the physiologic changes, perception function and degree of depression. The subjects were the members of elderly women's glee club in D care center for the elderly, who have been singing for more than 6 months. 30 members were allocated to study group and 30 to control group. The singing program designed for both physical therapy and music therapy was consisted of initial physical exercise, singing art songs and classical song and the finishing physical exercise. This program was performed twice a week and about forth minutes was consumed for one session. We checked the heart rate, peripheral arterial oxygen saturation, perception function and degree of depression before and after the program. We used a pulse oxymeter to check the heart rate to oxygen saturation and a questionnaire for the evaluation of perception function and degree of depression. We need SPSS program for data analysis. The results of the investigated personnel complying with general characteristics were analyzed by frequency, two groups by t-test, data before and after the program by paired t-test, respectively. The results were as follows. 1) Heart rate after the program was significantly lower than that before program in test group(p<0.05). 2) Peripheral oxygen saturation after the program was significantly higher than that before the program(p<0.05). 3) Ability to match the right sign with a certain predetermined number was improved after the program. The frequency of wrong matching the sign with number before program was 30. But the frequency was decreased to 8 after the program. 4) Ability to calculate was improved after the program. The frequency of wrong calculation before the program was $1.10{\pm}1.94$. But the frequency after the program was decreased to $0.97{\pm}1.84$. 5) The degree of depression after the program($2.07{\pm}0.49$) was significantly lower than that before program(p<0.001). These results show that singing program combined with physical exercise improves the oxygen delivery to peripheral circulation, stability of heart function, the perception function(calculating and matching ability) and decreases the degree of depression. In conclusion, singing program combined with physical exercise can be used for the effective measure to improve the health of elderly and prevent dementia.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.81 no.4
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• pp.319-329
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• 2018

Background: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a necessary procedure for diagnosis of various lung diseases. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen delivery was recently introduced. This study aimed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of HFNC oxygen supply during BAL procedure in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). Methods: Patients who underwent BAL while using HFNC at a partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood/fraction of inspired oxygen ($PaO_2/FiO_2$; PF) ratio of 300 or below among patients who had been admitted from March 2013 to May 2017 were retrospectively investigated. Results: Thirty-three BAL procedures were confirmed. Their baseline PF ratio was $166.1{\pm}46.7$. $FiO_2$ values before, during, and after BAL were $0.45{\pm}0.12$, $0.74{\pm}0.19$, and $0.57{\pm}0.14$, respectively. Flow (L/min) values before, during, and after BAL were $26.5{\pm}20.3$, $49.0{\pm}7.2$, and $40.8{\pm}14.2$, respectively. Both $FiO_2$ and flow during and after the procedure were significantly different from those before the procedure (both p<0.001). Oxygen saturation levels before, during, and after BAL measured by pulse oximeter were $94.8{\pm}2.9$, $94.6{\pm}3.5$, and $95.2{\pm}2.8%$, respectively. There were no significant differences in oxygen saturation among the three groups. Complications of BAL procedure included transient hypoxemia, hypotension, and fever. However, there was no endotracheal intubation within 24 hours. Baseline PF ratio in "without HFNC" group was significantly higher than that in "with HFNC" group. There were no differences in complications between the two groups. Conclusion: The use of HFNC during BAL procedure in ARF patients was effective and safe. However, there were no significant differences in oxygen saturation level and complications comparing "without HFNC" group in mild ARF. More studies are needed for moderate to severe ARF patients.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.385-394
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• 2002

Background : Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy(FFB) has become a widely performed technique for diagnosing and managing pulmonary disease because of its low complication and mortality rate. Since the use of FFB can in patients with severely depressed cardiorespiratory function is increasing and hypoxemia during the FFB can induce significant cardiac arrhythmias, the early detection and adequate management of hypoxemia during FFB is clinically important. Method : To evaluate the necessity of the continuous monitoring of the oxygen saturation($SaO_2$) during the FFB, the $SaO_2$ was continuously monitored from the finger tip using pulse oximetry before, during and after the FFB in 379 patient. The patients were then divided into two groups, those with and without hypoxemia($SaO_2$<90%). The baseline pulmonary function data and the clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. Results : The mean baseline $SaO_2$ was $96.9{\pm}2.85%$. An $SaO_2$ <90% was recorded at some point in 62(16.4%) out of 379 patients, with 12 out of 62 experiencing this prior to the FFB, in 37 out of 62 during the FFB, and in 13 out of 62 after the FFB. No differences were observed in the smoking and sex distribution between those with and without hypoxemia. The mean age was older in those with hypoxemia than in those without. Significant differences were observed in the mean baseline $SaO_2$ and the mean time for the procedure between the two groups. The $FEV_1$ was significantly lower in those with hypoxemia, and both the FVC and $FEV_1/FVC$ also tended to decrease in this group. Managing hypoxemia included deep breathing in 20 patients, a supplemental oxygen supply in 39 patients, and the abortion of the procedure in 3 patients. Conclusion : These results suggest that the continuous monitoring of the oxygen saturation is necessary during fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and it should be performed in patients with a depressed pulmonay function in order for the early detection and adequate management of hypoxemia.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.199-213
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• 1967

Circulatory and respiratory activities were observed in men exposed to the environment of engine room of a cruising Republic of Korea Navy ship and compared to the control values obtained in an ordinary laboratory room on land. The environment of an engine room of cruising navy ship was presumed to be a multiple stress acting on men. The environment of the engine room included high temperature $(35-42^{\circ}C)$, low relative humidity (20-38% saturation), vibration (about 7 cycles per second), rolling and pitching of ship and noises. Sixteen men were divided into two groups consisted of each 8 subjects. Subjects of sea duty group had experience of continuous on board duty averaging 3.5 years. Men of land duty group had no experience of on board activity. On land observations were made on one day prior to the boarding and leaving the port and four days after landing. In between observations in the engine room were made on the first, 5 th, 9 th, 12 th, and 14 th day of on board activity. The whole experimental period lasted for 20 days. Measurements on circulatory and respiratory parameters were at standing resting state (after 30 minutes standing in the case of on land study and 15 minutes in engine room study) and within one minute after cessation of on the spot running of which rhythm was 30/min. and lasted for 5 minutes. Oxygen consumption and pulmonary function test were done in the period of two minutes from the 3rd to 5th minutes of running. The following results were obtained. 1. Body temperature showed no change regardless of group difference or on land or on board measurements. 2. Pulse rate increased markedly after boarding the ship id both groups. Pulse rate increased from the first day on board at rest and after exercise as compared to the on land control value. This increase in pulse rate was more marked after exercise. Sea duty group showed less increase in pulse rate at rest than the land duty group. Standing and resting pulse rate of sea duty group on lam was 81 and increased to 87 at the 5th day on board and remained smaller than the land duty group throughout the period on board. Control standing and resting pulse rate of land duty group on land was 76 and reached 89 at the 9th day on board and thereafter decreased a little. Pulse rate of land duty group at rest on board remained greater than that of sea duty group throughout the period on board. 3. Systolic blood pressure of sea duty group increased after boarding the ship and remained higher than the control value on land. In the land duty group, however, systolic blood pressure decreased during the period on board the ship. Diastolic blood pressure decreased in both groups. 4. Resting breathing rate of land duty group increased and remained higher than the control value on land. In sea duty group, however, resting breathing rate showed a transient increase on the 1st day on board and decreased thereafter to the control value on land and kept the same level throughout the period of cruise. Absolute value of breathing rate in the sea duty group was greater than the land duty group both at rest and after exercise. 5. There was a lowering of breathing efficiency in both groups. Thus, increases in tidal volume and minute ventilation volume and decreases in maximum breathing capacity, vital capacity, capacity ratio and air velocity Index were observed after boarding the ship. An increase in ventilation equivalent was also observed in both groups. The lowering of breathing efficiency was more marked in the land duty group than the sea duty group. 6. Energy expediture increased in both groups during their stay on the ship and was more marked in the sea duty group. 7, Lactate concentration in venous blood at rest and after exercise increased after boarding the ship and no group difference was observed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.323-326
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• 2007

In this paper, the basic experiment, electrolytic cell design and basic manufacturing have been made to interpret the characteristics of Hydrogen-Oxygen-Gas-Generator. As for the detailed matters, the data research on basic technology on Hydrogen-Oxygen-Gas and analysis on characteristics of Hydrogen-Oxygen-Gas from basic experiment. Also the experiment of characteristics and comparative evaluation between constant current source using SCR converter from existing method and constant current source using new phase shift PWM control method converter. As results when it has injected constant DC current, we has compared Gas quantities by variable ripple frequencies using phase shift PWM control method converter. Therefore, in linear region, it has not different Gas quantities by constant DC current and by phase shift PWM control method converter. Also, it has increased Gas quantities wilder linear region when put ripple frequency at saturation region. Through, Gas quantities and input rower, it has acquired higher input power per Gas quantities at put pulse current. Therefore, when designing converter or inverter for electrolysis, which has ripple current.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.194-199
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• 1997

When voltage or current gets out of the magnetic sensor as it is, we have often faced the problems such as introduction of noise and loss of voltage. In order to reduce these problems, a 2 drain MAGFET operating in the saturation region and fabricated by CMOS process, the system of I/V converter, VCO with operational amplifier, and V/F conversion circuits with Schmitt Trigger are designed and fabricated in one package. The absolute sensitivity of magnetic sensor shows 1.9 V/T and the product sensitivity is $3.2{\times}10^{4}\;V/A{\cdot}T$. The characteristic of V/F conversion is very stabilized and has the value of 190 kHz/T.