• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.53-63
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• 1986

과산화수소$(H_2O_2)$가 급성 일산화탄소(CO)중독의 회복에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 가토를 1% Corktm에 30분간 노출시킨후 자연회복군, 100%산소 흡입군 및 $H_2O_2$관장군(10ml/kg의 0.5% $H_2O_2$용액을 2ml내외의 사람혈액과 함께 관장)으로 나누어, 회복기 15,30,60 및 90분에 동맥혈의 $pH,\;PCO_2,\;CO_2$ 및 HbCO 포화도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. pH는 급성 CO중독시 3개군 모두에서 감소하였고, 회복기에는 서서히 증가하여 자연회복군과 100%산소 흡입군은 회복기 90분에 거의 회복되나, $H_2O_2$관장군에서는 pH의 회복이 다른군보다 늦었다. $PaCO_2$는 급성 Co중독시 3개군 모두에서 감소하였고, 회복기에는 서서히 증가하였으나, 자연회복군의 $PaCO_2$는 회복기 90분에 거의 회복하는데 반하여 100%산소흡입군과 $H_2O_2$관장군의 $PaCO_2$는 회복이 늦었고 회복기 90분에도 완전히 회복되지 못하였다. $PaO_2$는 급성 Co중독시 약간 감소하였다가 회복기에는 회복기 15분부터 급격히 증가하였고 회복기 90분까지 대조치보다 높은 $PaO_2$를 유지하였다. 회복기동안 $H_2O_2$관장군의 $PaO_2$는 $102{\sim}107mmhg$로 자연회복군보다 약 10 mmhg 높은 수준을 보였다. HbCO 포화도는 급성 CO중독시 $54{\sim}72%$까지 증가하였다. 회복기에는 $H_2O_2$관장군의 HbCO 포화도의 회복이 자연회복군이나 100%산소 흡입군보다 빨랐으며, 100%산소 흡입군은 회복기 30분에서 60분사이에 자연회복군보다 더 빠른 회복을 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 0.5% $H_2O_2$관장은 CO중독시 혈액의 산소분압을 어느정도 증가시킬 뿐 아니라 혈색소와 결합된 CO의 해리를 촉진시켜, 단독요법 또는 산소요법과 병행하여 사용할 때 급성CO중독에 효과적인 치료법이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.114-121
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• 2002

제주도 안디졸(Andisol) 토양 분포지역 중 화산성 쇄설물과 현무암으로부터 기원된 두 토양의 Bo층을 대상으로 완충능력을 계산하고 토양의 알루미늄 용해도가 완충능력에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 주상실험 결과는 pH 6.0과 4.0 부근에서 완충작용이 일어남을 보여 주며, 현무암기원의 토양보다 화산쇄설암기원 토양의 완충능력이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 다양한 pH조건에서의 배치평형실험 결과 다량의 알루미늄 함유 광물상을 갖는 제주도 안디졸 토양 Bo층에서의 알루미늄 거동은 $Al(OH)_3$, 이모골라이트 혹은 프로토-이모골라이트 등의 고상에 주로 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. Bo층 토양의 광물조성, 배치 평형실험결과, 그리고 주상실험 결과를 종합해 볼 때, pH 4.0 부근에서 나타나는 뚜렷한 완충능력($\beta$)은 깁사이트 및 프로토-이모골라이트의 용해도 특성에 의해서 좌우되는 것으로 해석된다. pH 6.0 내외의 완충작용은 규산염광물의 용해도 및 염기성양이온의 양이온교환반응에 의해 진행되고 있으나, 낮은 염기성 포화도는 토양산성화가 더 진행될 경우 이러한 완충효과가 오래 지속되지 못할 것임을 지시한다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2003

최근 우리나라는 산업화 및 기술의 현대화로 국토의 유효면적이 인구에 비해 부족하기 때문에 대규모 공유수면을 매립하여 지하구조물 설치를 위한 연약지반의 동결, LNG와 같은 저온 액체를 저장하기 위한 지하저장탱크 건설 및 주변지반의 동결 등 인공동결 공법에 관심이 집중되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 화강풍화루 실트질 흙, 모래질 흙에 대해서 동결시 흙의 거동을 지배하는 동상팽창압과 부동수분의 변화에 대해서 연구하였다. 즉, 단일방향으로 흙이 동결될 때 함수비에 지배되는 결과 뿐만아니라 시간과 온도변화에 대한 동상팽창압을 연관시켜 연구를 수행하였다. 그 결과, 동상팽창압을 보다 더 용이하게 측정할 수 있었고, 온도변화에 따른 동상팽창압과 수분특성을 알 수 있었다. 또한,TDR 장비를 이용하여 온도와 함수비와의 관계를 도출함으로서 동상팽창압이 발현되는데 지배적인 역할을 하는 수분 특성을 제시하였다. 실험조건은 매립지반의 특성상 지하수위가 지표면에 위치하며, 수분공급 방식 또한 수분이동이 없는 폐쇄형에 적합하므로 완전포화 및 각각의 포화도에 따라 동상팽창압 실험과 수분 특성 실험을 수행하였다. 연구 결과, 동상팽창압은 세립분을 많이 함유한 흙일수록 발휘되는 동상팽창압은 크게 나타났고, 동상이 발현되기까지의 시간과 동상 지속시간 또한 크게 나타났다. TDR을 이용한 부동수분 측정 결과, 온도가 감소할수록 부동수분이 급격히 감소하였고, 비표면적이 큰 세립분을 많이 함유할수록 부동수분이 많이 존재하였다. 이는 동결된 간극수의 체적증가로 인한 Ice segregation이 발생되어, 부동수분이 많은 흙일수록 동상팽창압도 증가하는 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2021

Background: This study assessed anticipatory dental anxiety levels among 8- to 12-year-old children based on subjective and physiological measures and their correlation. The variations in anxiety based on sex, age, temperament, and academic performance were evaluated. Methods: An observational study was conducted in 60 children recruited from the waiting room over a 6-month period. The operator recorded subjective anxiety in the children using a novel visual facial anxiety scale. The operator also noted the demographic details and child's temperament using the nine dimensions of the Thomas and Chess criteria, and graded children as "easy," "slow to warm-up," and "difficult." The academic performance of the children was graded (parental ratings) on a five-point Likert scale. Physiological variables (heartrate [HR], oxygen saturation[SpO2], and blood pressure [BP]) were recorded by another evaluator. The correlation between anxiety levels and physiological variables was also assessed. The effects of age, sex, temperament, and academic performance on anxiety were evaluated. Results: The study included 60 children aged 8-12 years, including 36 boys and 24 girls. Seventy percent of children had mild to moderate levels of pre-extraction anxiety, while 30% of children demonstrated high anxiety. A significant positive correlation was noted between anxiety levels and HR (rs = 0.477, P < 0.001⁎) and systolic BP (rs = 0.294, P < 0.05), while a significant but inverse correlation was observed with SpO2 (rs = -0.40, P < 0.05). Anxiety did not influence diastolic BP. Children with difficult temperament and poor academic performance had significantly higher anxiety. Conclusion: A high percentage (70%) of children aged 8-12 years had mild to moderate anxiety prior to the extraction procedure. Increased HR, systolic BP, and reduced SpO2 were significantly associated with high levels of anticipatory dental anxiety. Pre-extraction anxiety was significantly related to the temperament and scholastic performance.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 1999

This study was designed to assess the iron nutritional status of girls at puberty in Kangnung area. The subjects consisted of 161 adolescents in sixth-grade in primary school and first-grade in middle school girls. Anthropometric measurements were taken for body weight, height, percentage of body fat, and circumferences of waist and hip. Nutrient intakes were assessed by modified 24-hour recall method. Food models and other measuring tools were also used. Fasting blood samples were obtained and analyzed for hemoglobin(Hb) concentration, hematocrit(Hct), serum iron(FE) and total iron binding capacity(TIBC). Mean values for Hb, Hct, Fe, TIBC, TS and serum ferritin were $13.6{\pm}0.9g/dl$, $39.6{\pm}3.9%, 91.3{\pm}36.3{\mu}g/dl$, $327.9{\pm}45.2{\mu}g/dl$, $28.3{\pm}11.8%$ and $37.4{\pm}24.2ng/ml$, respectively. Prevalence of iron deficiency greatly varied by indices from 4.8% when judged by Hb to 18.4% by serum Fe concentration. The Hb concentration was positively correlated with Hct(r=0.641), serum iron(r=0.266) and transferrin saturation(r=0.237)(p<0.05). On the other hand, serum ferritin concentration showed significantly negative correlation with TIBC(r=-0.572). Mean daily intake of iron was 14.94mg and heme iron intake was 1.13mg and which was 7.6% of total iron intake. Total absorbable iron calculated by the method of Mosen was 1.38mg and bioavailability of dietary iron was 9.3%. These results suggest that the prevalence of iron deficiency of pubertal girls is very high, therefore the guidelines for diet and social supports, such as, school food service system should be provided to improve their iron status in middle school students.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.129-160
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• 2019

Background: Characterizing and describing soils and land use and make a suggestion for sustainable utilization of land resources in the Ethiopian Rift valley flat plain areas of Lake Chamo Sub-Basin (CSB) are essential. Objectives: To (1) characterize soils of experimental area according to World Reference Base Legend and assess the nature and extent of salinity problems; (2) characterize land use systems and their role in soil properties; and (3) identify best land use practices used for both environmental management and improve agricultural productivity. Methods: Twelve randomly collected soil samples were prepared from the above land uses into 120 composites and analyzed. Results: Organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) were varied along different land uses and depleted from the surface soils. The soil units include Chernozems (41.67%), Kastanozems (25%), Solonchaks (16.67%), and Cambisols (16.67%). The identified land uses are annual crops (AA), perennial crops (PA), and natural forest (NF). Generally, organic carbon, total nitrogen, percentage base saturation (PBS), exchangeable (potassium, calcium, and magnesium), available phosphorus (P₂O₅), manganese, copper, and iron contents were decreased in cultivated soils. Soil salinity problem was observed in annuals. Annuals have less nutrient content compared to perennials in irrigated agriculture while it is greater in annuals under rainfed. Clay, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium (K₂O) contents were correlated positively and highly significantly with organic carbon and electrical conductivity. Conclusion: Management practices that improve soil quality should be integrated with leguminous crops when the land is used for annual crops production.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.137-145
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• 1984

타일랜드 북동부(北東部) 세 지역(地域)에서 나타나는 이산토(離散土)에 대한 물리적(物理的) 화학적(化學的) 특성(特性)에 대(對)한 시험(試驗)이 실험실(實驗室)과 현장(現場)에서 수행(遂行)되었다. 이산토(離散土)의 점토함량(粘土含量)과 이산성(離散性)과의 관계(關係)를 구명(糾明)하기 위(爲)하여 실내(室內)에서 이산토중(離散土中)의 점토(粘土) 분리(分離)한 후(後) 인위적(人爲的)인 점토함량비(粘土含量比)로 흙을 다시 만들어서 pinhole 시험(試驗)을 수행(遂行)하였는데, 이산토(離散土)는 점토함량비(粘土含量比)에 관계(關係)없이 쉽게 이산(離散)되었다. 또한 흙의 추출수(抽出水)와 저수지(貯水池) 물에 대한 화학적(化學的) 특성(特性)을 밝히기 위하여 SA,R, ESP 및 pH 값들이 결정(決定)되었는데, 이산토(離散土)는 1.8~6.7 SAR, 1.4~7.9 ESP 및 5.4~9.0의 pH 값을 나타내어서 일반적(一般的)인 흙에 비(比)하여 높은 SAR, ESP 및 pH 값을 보였다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1999

The in situ observations and the seawater analyses were conducted at all seasons from July 1996 to April 1999 for the purpose of describing the characteristics of seasonal variations of water quality in Mokpo harbour, Korea. Vertical stratification started to be formed in water column in spring, developed in summer and disappeared in fall. In summer, vertical density distribution of water column was found to be in stable structure with lower temperature and higher salinity of bottom water, and the vertical mixing of water between surface and bottom layers was restricted. In winter, however, surface water was found to be similar to bottom water in temperature and salinity, and water column was in unstable structure and in well-mixed condition between surface and bottom waters. The saturation percentage of dissolved oxygen(DO) in bottom water of inner part of Mokpo harbour at all seasons was shown to be decreased to the third grade or under the third grade of Korean standards of seawater quality. In particular, dissolved oxygen was oversaturated in surface water and undersaturated in bottom water in summer, due to stratification and organic pollution. The difference of DO concentration between surface and bottom waters was found to be greater in spring and summer than in fall and winter, due to stratification and photosynthesis of phytoplankton. The concentrations of chemical oxygen demand(COD) over the entire waters of Mokpo harbour were found to fluctuate from below the third grade to the first grade of Korean standards through all seasons and COD concentrations of same seasons were shown to be different year after year. In particular, in view of COD, the annual average seawater quality of Mokpo harbour was evaluated to be in third grade of Korean standards, due to organic pollution. The average COD of surface water was greater than that of bottom water in spring and summer, due to the autochthonous COD caused by production of phytoplankton in surface waters, while the average COD of surface water was similar to that of bottom water in fall and winter, due to the vertical mixing of water between surface and bottom layers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.3-12
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• 1993

This study was performed to investigate effects of dietary fat content and degree of saturation on the function of the immune system. Sixty male BALB/c mice average-weighing 17g were divided into three dietary groups: 5% safflower oil group, 20% safflower oil group, 19.3% beef tallow & 0.7% safflower oil group. Food intake and body weight were measured every day. At 4th, 7th, 10th week after dietary treatment, organ weight measurements, delayed-type hypersensitivity test, plaque forming cell test, agglutination test, differential white cell count and histological examination of spleen were performed. Results are follows; 1) Body weight, food intake and calorie intake were not different in the three dietary groups during the experimental period($\alpha$=0.05). 2) Liver weight was significantly higher in 5% safflower oil group($\alpha$=0.05). Spleen index was slightly higher in mice fed 5% safflower oil and 19.3% beef tallow & 0.7% safflower oil. Thymus index in all mice was decreased by aging. 3) Delayed-type hypersensitivity of the mice fed 5% safflower oil and 19.3% beef tallow & 0.7% safflower oil was significantly higher than that of the mice fed 20% safflower oil. 4) The number of plaque forming cell was significantly reduced at 10th week compared to 7th week in all group($\alpha$=0.05). Although there was no difference in plaque forming cell among three groups at 10th week, 5% safflower oil group showed slightly higher plaque forming cell than 20% safflower oil group at 7th week. 5) At 4th week, agglutination test seems to be higher in 5% safflower oil group and 19.3% beef tallow & 0.7% safflower oil group compared to 20% safflower oil group. 6) Percentage of neutrophil and eosinophil was slightly reduced in 20% safflower oil group. 7) Spleen tissue was not affected by and dietary treatments. According to our results, the higher the fat content & unsaturation of the diet the lower the cell-mediated immunity of the mice. Humoral-immunity did not appear to be affected by the dietary manipulation. However humoral-immunity was decreased significantly by aging in all dietary groups.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.120-125
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• 2014

Halophytes are plants of saline habitats that grow under conditions that may vary in extremes of temperatures (freezing to very hot), water availability (drought to water logging) and salinity (mild to almost saturation). Halophytes may also face sudden micro-environmental variations within their habitats. In this study, we examine some of the factors that determine the ability of seeds of Artemisia fukudo to germinate when conditions are optimal for seedling growth and survival. Germination percentage was the highest at 77.5% when treated in 0% seawater and seedling growth was best in 0% seawater plug cell tray. Physiological quality (chlorophyll contents) and mean germination time were best in the condition in which seeds were treated with 0% seawater (control). Germination performance index in the control group showed the highest value to 3.8. Seedling growth, seedling vigor index in the length of seedling growth andthe relative growth rate were the highest values of 0.76 cm, 1.43, 0.0099, respectively.