• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.64 no.5
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• pp.196-207
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• 2021

Over the last few decades, the rates of pediatric obesity have more than doubled regardless of sociodemographic categorization, and despite these rates plateauing in recent years there continues to be an increase in the severity of obesity in children and adolescents. This review will discuss the pediatric obesity mediated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as attenuated levels of satiety and energy metabolism hormones, insulin resistance, vascular endothelial dysfunction, and arterial stiffness. Additionally, early intervention to combat pediatric obesity is critical as obesity has been suggested to track into adulthood, and these obese children and adolescents are at an increased risk of early mortality. Current suggested strategies to combat pediatric obesity are modifying diet, limiting sedentary behavior, and increasing physical activity. The effects of exercise intervention on metabolic hormones such as leptin and adiponectin, insulin sensitivity/resistance, and body fat in obese children and adolescents will be discussed along with the exercise modality, intensity, and duration. Specifically, this review will focus on the differential effects of aerobic exercise, resistance training, and combined exercise on the cardiovascular risks in pediatric obesity. This review outlines the evidence that exercise intervention is a beneficial therapeutic strategy to reduce the risk factors for CVD and the ideal exercise prescription to combat pediatric obesity should contain both muscle strengthening and aerobic components with an emphasis on fat mass reduction and long-term adherence.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.41-49
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of the study was to investigate restaurants increasing seaweed of marine products and to let consumers live healthy and happy lives and to discuss increase of seaweeds consumption. The purpose of the study was to give consumers good food and to live healthy and happy life and to elevate life quality and to produce added value by increase of consumption of seaweeds such as laver, brown seaweed, tangle and gracilaria and others and to give economic advantage. The seaweed could be produced in large quantity without spending of much money in accordance with demand to make use of it at restaurants. Research design, data, and Methodology - The author visited restaurant businessmen at Suwon, Anyang, Hwaseong and Yongin to investigate low sales by in-depth interview. The study investigated Kodari-jorim restaurants that made use of laver ssam for side dish. The subject was HS distributors to let restaurant keepers think of seaweeds and replacement of vegetable by seaweed. Results - Women customers who thought of health and diet usually selected menu at the restaurants not to appeal. Conclusions - Menu with high quality seaweeds (low calory, satiety and health) can satisfy women customers thinking much of health and diet to increase consumption of seaweeds. The study was exploratory to investigate in qualitative and quantitative way in the future.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.82-88
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• 2013

Cancer is the first leading cause of death in Korea and the second leading cause of death in the USA. There is extensive research into prevention of cancer and the support of oncology patients with diet or dietary supplements. In vitro and in vivo animal studies have indicated that antioxidants, including beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, and ascorbic acid, can yield anti-cancer effects in addition to providing protection against oxidative damage. Although many observational studies have shown that consuming fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of some cancers, the results of several large-scale human intervention trials testing the benefits of a single or combined higher-dose of individual micronutrients have been inconsistent. Cancer can cause profound metabolic and physiological changes which may affect patients' nutrient requirements. Although the optimal route of nutrient delivery is through diet, cancer patients often suffer symptoms that disrupt their food intake, including anorexia, premature satiety, altered taste and smell, and changes in bowel mobility. In particular, micronutrient deficits can slow postoperative healing, contribute to depression symptoms, and decrease immune competence. Cancer patients are generally motivated to take dietary supplements to improve responses to treatment and quality of life. The Physician's Health Study II (PHS II) randomized controlled trial reported recently that daily multivitamin supplementation significantly, albeit modestly, reduced the risk of total cancer. Although evidence of multivitamin use benefits is limited in cancer patients, taking dietary supplements with constituents in the range of the recommended daily allowance according to the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) recommendation is generally considered to be safe.

• Archives of Obesity and Metabolism
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 2023

Despite the emergence of obesity as a significant public health concern, artificial sweeteners have made their way into various food products due to the perception, that they serve as substitutes for sugar. Artificial sweeteners are used to supposedly achieve weight management and health improvement. However, their efficacy and safety remain debatable. Commonly used artificial sweeteners include aspartame, acesulfame potassium, saccharin, and sucralose. This article discusses the effects of artificial sweetener consumption on weight loss, appetite regulation, blood glucose control, and gut microbiota. Research findings, concerning the consumption of artificial sweeteners and their association with body weight, have shown inconsistencies between randomized controlled trials and cohort studies. Studies, comparing artificial sweeteners to sugar, have reported no significant differences in satiety. Although artificial sweeteners have no calories, they can affect blood sugar levels through the cephalic phase insulin response. A recent study suggested that artificial sweeteners influenced the occurrence of diabetes. Due to limitations in the study design, excluding diabetes-influencing factors was not feasible. The evidence showed that artificial sweeteners harbored potential health risks, necessitating further investigation. According to recent studies, the consumption of artificial sweeteners was associated with gut microbiota changes and individual blood sugar responses. It is important to note that artificial sweeteners cannot be considered safe alternatives to sugar, and further research is required.

• Archives of Obesity and Metabolism
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2024

Serotonin, a biogenic amine widely found in many organisms, functions as both a neurotransmitter and hormone. Although serotonin is involved in various physiological processes, this study aimed to review its role in energy metabolism. Given that serotonin cannot cross the blood-brain barrier and is synthesized by two different isoforms of tryptophan hydroxylase in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues, it is reasonable to assume that serotonin in the CNS and peripheral tissues functions independently. Recent studies have demonstrated how serotonin influences energy metabolism in metabolic target organs such as the intestines, liver, pancreas, and adipose tissue. In summary, serotonin in the CNS induces satiety and appetite suppression, stimulates thermogenesis, and reduces body weight. Conversely, serotonin in the periphery increases intestinal motility, stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver, suppresses glucose uptake by hepatocytes, promotes fat uptake by liver cells, stimulates insulin secretion while suppressing glucagon secretion in the pancreatic islets, promotes lipogenesis in white adipose tissue, inhibits lipolysis and browning of white adipose tissue, and suppresses thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue, thereby storing energy and increasing body weight. However, considering that most experimental results were obtained using mice and conducted under specific nutritional conditions, such as high-fat diets, whether serotonin acts in the same way in humans, whether it will act similarly in individuals with normal versus obese weights, and whether its effects vary depending on the type of food consumed, remain unknown.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2014

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disease caused by abnormality of chromosome 15q11-13. The estimated prevalence of PWS is 1/10,000-30,000. Most common features of this disease are feeding problems characterized by poor sucking habit related with neonatal or infantile hypotonia and obesity due to early childhood hyperphagia involved with lack of satiety. In the orodental findings, enamel hypoplasia, rampant caries, delayed eruption, poor oral hygiene, hypodontia, supernumerary teeth, increased tooth wear, decreased salivary flow and change in saliva composition were reported. This case report describes the dental treatment of 3-year-9-months-old male patient with PWS. Periodic check-ups and conservative treatments were followed, however, rapid dental caries progression caused by estimating hyposalivation was observed. Because of lack of patient cooperation, dental procedures were performed under general anesthesia.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.856-867
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• 2017

Supplement of dietary fibers (DF) is regarded as one of the most effective way to prevent and relieve chronic diseases caused by long-term intake of a high-fat diet in the current society. The health benefits of soluble dietary fibers (SDF) have been widely researched and applied, whereas the insoluble dietary fibers (IDF), which represent a higher proportion in plant food, were mistakenly thought to have effects only in fecal bulking. In this article, we proved the anti-obesity and glucose homeostasis improvement effects of IDF from pear pomace at first, and then the mechanisms responsible for these effects were analyzed. The preliminary study by real-time PCR and ELISA showed that this kind of IDF caused more changes in the gut microbiota compared with in satiety hormone or in hepatic metabolism. Further analysis of the gut microbiota by high-throughput amplicon sequencing showed IDF from pear pomace obviously improved the structure of the gut microbiota. Specifically, it promoted the growth of Bacteroidetes and inhibited the growth of Firmicutes. These results are coincident with previous hypothesis that the ratio of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes is negatively related with obesity. In conclusion, our results demonstrated IDF from pear pomace could prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats mainly by improving the structure of the gut microbiota.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 1991

A Survey was conducted to identify patrcis' eating behavior at the buffet styled restaurant during dinner time. The average frequency of taking food was 4.1±0.9 and this was statistically significant by age group. The frequency of taking food after satiety was 1.2±0.8. From the menu, 15 seafood items were the most popular which were chosen more than twice. The average of consumed food items was 24.9±8.9 out of 198. The average seafood items which were chosen by each individual was 5.8, desert items was 4.5, salad items with dressing was 4.2. The total weight of the consumed food was 954±365.1g. Mostly gruel, soup and saled chosen the first time. Alcholic beverages and drinks were chosen also first time. Seafood was chosen the 1.2 times and meat was chosen the first, second, and third time. Rice and soup. bread and noodles were chosen the second and third time. Desert was chosen the third time. The consumption of calories and nutrients were compared with the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances. The average consumption of calories was 49.6% Korean RDAs, protein 71.4%, vitamin A 65.0%, thiamin 74.3%, riboflavin 71.8%, niacin 89.8%, ascorbic acid 72.7%, iron 68.1%, and calcium 108.3%. In one meal, the data shows over eating. The caloric consumption of desert was 275.5Kcal and seafood was 174.1Kcal. The protein consumption of seafood was 23.5g and meat was 7.5g. According to this research, customers have a lot of good chances to be exposed to the variety of food. This is desirable to correct the food habits with a experience. On the other hand, excessive food consumption is a problem. Therefore we suggest the provision of nutrition information about desirable order of eating a meal and the health problems due to overeating. We expect other research of nutritional evaluation in a meal in the different foodservice systems to be made in the future.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.267-271
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• 2005

A feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effect of various fish meals as dietary protein source on growth, feed utilization and body composition of Juvenile flounder. Ten experimental diets were prepared to contain different fish meals: 4 kinds of white fish meal (WM-1, 2, 3, 4), 3 kinds of herring meal (HM-1, 2, 3), mackerel meal (MM), WM mixture and HM+MM mixture. Dietary energy and protein levels were designed to be isocaloric ($3.8 kcal g^{-1}diet$) and isonitrogenous ($46\%$) by adjusting the levels of fish meal, wheat flour and squid liver oil. Three replicate groups of fish (initial mean weight: 11.1 g) were hand-fed to visual satiety two times daily for 7 weeks. Survival was not significantly different among all groups. Weight gain of fish fed the HM-1 and HM-3 diets was the highest, but not significantly different from that of fish fed the either WM-2 or HM+MM diets. The lowest weight gain was found in fish fed the W-1 and WM-3 diets. Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the WM-2, HM-1, HH-3, MM and HM+MM diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed other diets. Daily feed intake of fish fed the WM-3 diet was highest, but not significantly different from that oi fish fed the either WM-4 or WMM diet. Significant differences were found in contents of moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash of whole body of fish. The results of this study indicated that growth of flounder can be affected by dietary fish meal source and quality, and WM-2, HM-1, HM-3 and HM+MM mixture are considered as useful dietary fish meal sources under these experimental conditions.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.244-252
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• 2002

Functional dyspepsia refers to upper abdominal pain or discomfort with or without symptoms of early satiety, nausea, or vomiting with no definable organic cause. In this study, we recognized that dyspepsia was decreased with herbal medication (Banhabakchulchunma-tang) and acupuncture therapy. And we aimed to evaluate the Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale (GSRS) in these cases. The GSRS indicated that Oriental medicine treatment could be effective in the Functional dyspepsia. And it is helpful in decreasing symptoms of patients and in improving quality of life.