• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.07b
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• pp.563-566
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• 2000

Sampling rate conversion widely used in subband coding, A/D and D/A transitions etc. is an important techniques Nyquist filters and the filter banks have been used for the sampling converter. However, they need many memories and, whenever the sampling rate is changed, it is necessary to design filters. So the objective of this paper is to present a new kernel that is quick to evaluate and has a good stopband performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 1996

To predict the service life of an organic vapor respirator cartridge, the breakthrough curve of respirator was simulated using a fixed-bed adsorption model and compared with that of sampling tube. And the effects of bed porosity, length to diameter ratio and flow rate of the sampling tube were studied. The life time of respirator cartridge was increased with the decrease of particle size and bed porosity. And the breakthrough time of sampling tube was affected by the flow rate, however not by the length to diameter ratio. The 10% breakthrough time of the sampling tube was corresponded with that of cartridge.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.166-171
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• 2010

In this paper, the front-end of a digital receiver with a 25 kHz carrier frequency, 5 kHz symbol rate, and any excess-bandwidth is designed using two basic facts. The first is known as the uniform sampling theorem, which states that the sampled sequence might not suffer from aliasing even if its sampling rate is lower than the Nyquist sampling rate if the analog signal is a bandpass one. The other fact is that if the sampling rate is 4 times the center frequency of the sampled sequence, the front-end processing complexity can be dramatically reduced due to the half of the sampled sequence to be multiplied by zero in the demixing process. Furthermore, the designed front-end is simplified by introducing sub-filters and sub-sampling sequences. The designed front-end is composed of an A/D converter, which takes samples of a bandpass filtered signal at a 20 kHz rate; a serial-to-parallel converter, which converts a sampled bandpass sequence to 4 parallel sub-sample sequences; 4 sub-filter blocks, which act as a frequency shifter and lowpass filter for a complex sequence; 4 synchronized switches; and 2 adders. The designed front-end dramatically reduces the computational complexity by more than 50% for frequency shifting and lowpass filtering operations since a conventional front-end requires a frequency shifting and two lowpass filtering operations to get one lowpass complex sample, while the proposed front-end requires only four filtering operation to get four lowpass complex samples, which is equivalent to one filtering operation for one sample.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38A no.7
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• pp.545-551
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• 2013

Timing recovery loop composed of the Timing Error Detector(TED), loop filter and resampler is widely used for the timing synchronization in MQASK receivers. Since TED is sensitive to the delay between the symbol period of the signal and sampling period, the output is averaged out when the symbol rate and sampling rate are quite different the recovery loop cannot work at all. This paper presents a sampling frequency discriminator (SRD), which detects the frequency offset of the sampling clock to the symbol clock of the MQASK data transmitted. Employing the SRD, the closed loop timing recovery scheme performs the frequency-aided timing acquisition and achieve the synchronization at extremely high sampling frequency offset, which can be used in variable symbol rate MQASK receivers.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.457-468
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• 2007

This paper proposes an adaptive moving average (A-MA) control chart with variable sampling intervals (VSI) for detecting shifts in the process mean. The basic idea of the VSI A-MA chart is to adjust sampling intervals as well as to accumulate previous samples selectively in order to increase the sensitivity. The VSI A-MA chart employs a threshold limit to determine whether or not to increase sampling rate as well as to accumulate previous samples. If a standardized control statistic falls outside the threshold limit, the next sample is taken with higher sampling rate and is accumulated to calculate the next control statistic. If the control statistic falls within the threshold limit, the next sample is taken with lower sampling rate and only the sample is used to get the control statistic. The VSI A-MA chart produces an 'out-of-control' signal either when any control statistic falls outside the control limit or when L-consecutive control statistics fall outside the threshold limit. The control length L is introduced to prevent small mean shifts from being undetected for a long period. A Markov chain model is employed to investigate the VSI A-MA sampling process. Formulae related to the steady state average time-to signal (ATS) for an in-control state and out-of-control state are derived in closed forms. A statistical design procedure for the VSI A-MA chart is proposed. Comparative studies show that the proposed VSI A-MA chart is uniformly superior to the adaptive Cumulative sum (CUSUM) chart and to the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) chart, and is comparable to the variable sampling size (VSS) VSI EWMA chart with respect to the ATS performance.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.14 no.1_2
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• pp.267-275
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• 2004

While the convergence of the classical Fourier series has been well known, the rate of its convergence is not well acknowledged. The results regarding the rate of convergence of the Fourier series and wavelet expansions can be found in the book of Walter[5]. In this paper, we give the rate of convergence of hybrid sampling series associated with orthogonal wavelets.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.199-204
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• 2004

In this paper, a new dual-rate digital control technique for the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy system is suggested. The proposed method takes account of the stabilizablity of the discrete-time T-S fuzzy system at the fast-rate sampling points. Our main idea is to utilize the lifted control input. The proposed approach is to obtain the dual-rate discrete-time T-S fuzzy system by discretizing the overall dynamics of the T-S fuzzy system with the lifted control, and then to derive the sufficient conditions for the stabilization in the sense of the Lyapunov asymptotic stability for this system. An example is provided for showing the feasibility of the proposed discretization method.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Optimal path planning refers to find the safe route to the destination at a low cost, is a major problem with regard to autonomous navigation. Sampling Based Planning(SBP) approaches, such as Rapidly-exploring Random Tree Star($RRT^*$), are the most influential algorithm in path planning due to their relatively small calculations and scalability to high-dimensional problems. $RRT^*$-Smart introduced path optimization and biased sampling techniques into $RRT^*$ to increase convergent rate. This paper presents an improvement plan that has changed the biased sampling method to increase the initial convergent rate of the $RRT^*$-Smart, which is specified as m$RRT^*$-Smart. With comparison among $RRT^*$, $RRT^*$-Smart and m$RRT^*$-Smart in 2 & 3-D environments, m$RRT^*$-Smart showed similar or increased initial convergent rate than $RRT^*$ and $RRT^*$-Smart.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.18 no.E1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

One technique for determining dry acid deposition fluxes involves measurement of time - averaged ambient concentrations of dry acid deposition species using filter packs (FP) coupled with estimates of mean deposition velocities for the exposure period. A critical problem associated with filter pack data comparisons between various field sampling networks is the use of diverse sampling flow rates and duration protocols. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of varying sampling flow rates, from 1.5 to 10 standard liters per minute, on total nitrate and sulfate measurements of specific dry acid deposition species . Collocated FP samplers were used to determine sampling and analysis data reproducibility and representativeness . Ambient air samples were simultaneously collected using groups of filter packs operated at various flow rates over identical 7 day periods. The species measured were sulfur dioxide, particulate sulfate , nitric acid and particulate nitrate. Statistical results (ANOVA; alpha level 5%) showed that neither the low nor high sampling flow rates caused a significant difference in the measurements of total sulfate and adjusted total nitrate (ATN) . However, it was concluded that for high flow rate sampling measurements, total nitrate (TN) could be affected during extended sampling durations because of potential nitric acid overloading and breakthrough. Although the previous workers (Costello, 1990; Quillian, 1990) used much higher sampling flow rates (~ 17 sLpm) than employed here, it was assumed that for a high loading (> 50$\mu\textrm{g}$ HNO$_3$) of nitric acid on the Nylon filters, a significant fraction (~10%) of nitric acid could pass through the Nylon filters and be collected on the carbonate impregnated filters. It was concluded that even at the highest sampling flow rate employed (10 sLpm) at the Cary Forest site, nitric acid breakthrough was less than 10% of the total HNO$_3$ collected. However, for a heavily polluted urban airshed or with longer sampling times , higher filter loadings could result in substantial nitric acid breakthrough and HNO$_3$concentrations would be underestimated.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3029-3035
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• 2013

Background: Most developing countries have been unable to implement well-organized health care systems, especially comprehensive Pap smear screening-based programs. One of the reasons for this is regional differences in medical services, and a low-cost portable cervical screening system is necessary. To improve regional discrepancies in cervical screening systems, we investigated the usefulness and acceptability of cervical selfsampling by liquid-based cytology (LBC) for 290 volunteers in the Lao PDR. Materials and Methods: Following health education with comprehensive documents, cervical self-sampling kits by LBC were distributed in three provincial, district, and village areas to a total of 290 volunteers, who were asked to take cytology samples by themselves. Subsequently, the acceptability of self-sampling was evaluated using a questionnaire. Results: The documents were well understood in all three regions. Regarding the acceptability of self-sampling, the selections for subsequent screening were 62% self-sampling, 36% gynecologist-sampling, 1% either method, and 1% other methods. The acceptability rates were higher in the district and the village than in the province. For the relationship between acceptability and pregnancy, the self-sampling selection rate was higher in the pregnancy-experienced group (75%) than in the pregnancy-inexperienced group (60%). For the relationship between selection of self-sampling and experience of screening, the self-sampling selection rate was higher in the screening-inexperienced group (62%) than in the screening-experienced group (52%). Conclusions: Our data show that this new way forward, involving a combination of self-sampling and LBC, is highly acceptable regardless of age, educational background, and residence in rural areas in a developing country.