• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.61-66
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• 2009

This study examines the definitions and the scopes of risk, crisis, and disaster management in narrow and wide sense. Generally, the meanings and the scopes of these terms have been used in a very confused manner, and that is the main reason of the difficulty of interdisciplinary approach to disaster related study. In a practical manner, these terms needs to be defined more correctly, for the effective communications among various fields of academic and professional disciplines. This study tries to divide the meanings and the scopes of risk management, disaster management, and crisis management in narrow and wide sense, to define them in a more elaborate manner. Though these three terms can be distinguished in narrow sense, they have almost same meanings when we use them in wide sense.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.243-246
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• 2010

In this research, the object is to analysis the impact of the four dimensions of Marketing Mix, product, price, place and promotion on store attitude. At the same time as mediating factors of relationship between Marketing Mix and customer attitude, experience factors, such as sense experience, feel experience and think experience are also analyzed. The results show that the promotion has a significant effect on sense experience, and place also has a significant effect on sense experience, feel experience and think experience. Another important result is, experience factors, such as sense experience, feel experience and think experience have significant effect on store attitude.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.1639-1650
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• 2013

In this paper, a class of set-valued mappings is introduced, which is called uniformly same-order. For this sort of mappings, some minimax problems, in which the minimization and the maximization of set-valued mappings are taken in the sense of vector optimization, are investigated without any hypotheses of convexity.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.121-129
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• 2003

The enhancement of inquiry skills has been emphasized as a important objective of science education for a long time. Of these, the observation is not only a simple and basic skill, but also a very important skill, in aspect of gathering informations about the nature of all things around us, through interaction between the sense organs of body and objectives. The purpose of this study is to investigate the results of observations about the grasshopper(Oxya chinesis), made by the elementary student from the 3rd to the 6th grade, and to make use of them as the basic materials for the observative teaming and the evaluation of the observation ability. Through this study, the collected items of observation are as follows For grasshopper, a total of observation items is 95, 70 using the sight sense, 13 using the tactile sense,7 using the olfactory sense. 3 using the palate sense and 2 using the auditory sense. In this study, the findings of elementary student's observation are as follows. 1. On the whole, most of students have observed mainly by the sight and the tactile sense, when observing the grasshopper. 2. It is showed a tendency that the observation ability of student is increased with the higher grade in elementary school. 3. As the grade ascends. the observations with operating are increased, also the quantitative expression and interpretation about them are increased. 4. In the case of same grade, there is no significant difference between students' gender, though girls' ability of the observation showed somewhat higher than boys' 5. Occasionally, the interpretations on the observative facts made by student, are inaccurate. Basis on the above results, we suggested some directions for the improvement of the observative learning program in science classroom of elementary school. First, the teacher have to serve as a guide and encouragement in the observative learning class, to be accomplished the various observation, which all the sensory organ can be used by student than the sight sense. Second, to get elevated the ability of observation, it is necessary that some experimental tools(magnifying lens, stereoscope, auxiliary implements etc.) are utilized. Third, the teacher have to make often endeavors showing an example of operation, to be activated the atmosphere of operative observation.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.769-783
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• 2000

In this paper, in order to disambiguate Korean noun word sense, we define a local context and explain how to extract it from a raw corpus. Following the intuition that two different nouns are likely to have similar meanings if they occur in the same local context, we use, as a clue, the word that occurs in the same local context where the target noun occurs. This method increases the usability of extracted knowledge and makes it possible to disambiguate the sense of infrequent words. And we can overcome the data sparseness problem by extending the verbs in a local context. The sense of a target noun is decided by the maximum similarity to the clues learned previously. The similarity between two words is computed by their concept distance in the sense hierarchy borrowed from WordNet. By reducing the multiplicity of clues gradually in the process of computing maximum similarity, we can speed up for next time calculation. When a target noun has more than two local contexts, we assign a weight according to the type of each local context to implement the differences according to the strength of semantic restriction of local contexts. As another knowledge source, we get a co-occurrence information from dictionary definitions and example sentences about the target noun. This is used to support local contexts and helps to select the most appropriate sense of the target noun. Through experiments using the proposed method, we discovered that the applicability of local contexts is very high and the co-occurrence information can supplement the local context for the precision. In spite of the high multiplicity of the target nouns used in our experiments, we can achieve higher performance (89.8%) than the supervised methods which use a sense-tagged corpus.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1987.10a
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• pp.35-35
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• 1987

Consider a job shop that is modelled as an open queueing network of the Jackson(l957) type. All work stations in the shop have the same number of parallel servers. Two problems are studied : the loading of stations and the assignment of servers, which are represented by loading and assingment vectors, respectively. Ma jorization and arrangement orderings are established to order, respectively, the loading and the assignment vectors. It is shown that reducing the loading vector under ma jorizat ion or increasing the assignment vector under arrangement ordering will reduce the congestion in the shop in terms of reducing the total number of jobs(in the sense of likelihood ratio ordering), the maximum queue length(in the sense of stochastic ordering), and the queue-length vector( in the sense of stochastic majorization). The results can be used to supprot production planning in certain job shops, and to aid the desing of storage capacity. (OPEN QUEUEING NETWORK; WJORIZATION; ARRANGEMENT ORDERINC; LIKELIHOOD RATIO ORDERINC; STOCHASTIC ORDERING)

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.137-147
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of "resident participatory education programs". This study methods was that applied this education programs to the residents of the fishing village after develop of education programs, and was surveyed to ninety five residents of these. As a result of the survey, "community attachment" and "sense of community" showed statistically significant differences from consciousness before and after education. Also, difference of residents consciousness according to the presence or absence of an education showed the same trend too. And, If in the presence or absence of the educational experience, residents consciousness was improved after the education programs. In other words, an education programs applied to in this study can be said to effective to that raise awareness of the residents. And this can be said to contribute in empowerment too.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.115-122
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• 2006

"Purpose of this study was to investigate influence on preference of cohousing (eg. intention to spread and intention to move in cohousing) according to sense of community by married people residing in Seoul and its outskirts. Research method used for this study was a social survey. Respondents were 214 people by accidential sampling. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 program using frequency, mean, average, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's Multiple Range test and Multiple Regression. Findings of this study were as follows. 1) Though respondents took part in interaction meetings rarely, they took part more often in meetings for health issue, leisure and hobby. Members of meetings were mostly job colleagues. 2) The respondents were interested in meetings for exchange of used stuffs, and children and the youth program most. It was revealed that the group taking part in meetings more often have higher sense of community than others. 3) Respondents who were older, who have been living longer in the same town had higher sense of community as well as closer interaction with neighbors than others. 4) As respondents showed positive response about preference of cohousing, there was a difference between intention to spread and intention to move in cohousing. While women, more educated, less income, and higher sense of community groups showed higher intention to spread cohousing, home owner and higher sense of community groups showed higher intention to move in cohousing.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.414-418
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• 2012

Purpose: Muscle fatigue affects proprioception, and it causes problems in spinal stability. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect on the accuracy of reproducing the lumbar angles before lumbar exercise and after fatiguing isokinetic lumbar exercise. Methods: Thirty healthy adults participated in this study. Before induction of fatigue by exercise, the proprioception was measured by Biodex. Lumbar positions were passively maintained on stimulation position ($25^{\circ}$ flexion and $25^{\circ}$ extension), and back to the starting position. Subjects actively repositioned the remembered stimulation position, and error degrees between the stimulation position and reposition were measured. Using an isokinetic device at $120^{\circ}$/sec of velocity of angle lumbar flexion/extension exercise resulted in muscle fatigue. The post-fatigue proprioceptive position sense was used in the same way as in pre-fatigue measurement. Results: Means of position sense of pre-fatigue were $2.19{\pm}1.97$ on flexion angle, and $5.04{\pm}2.84$ on extension angle. After exercise induced fatigue, means of position sense were $2.37{\pm}1.83$ on flexion angle, and $4.93{\pm}2.57$ on extension angle. Results of this study showed significant differences of lumbar proprioceptive position sense between pre- and post-fatigue. Conclusion: Lumbar proprioception sense in active repositioning in flexion and extension was affected in the presence of muscle fatigue. Therefore, it should be noted that therapeutic exercise for patients with abnormal proprioceptive sense or elderly people must be performed with care because muscle fatigue can cause secondary damage.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.1383-1389
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• 2013

This research was conducted to see the correlation between changes of ankle Joint Position Sense and Sway Area through Unstable Surface training. For the study, 48 healthy males and females were randomly divided into an unstable surface group(n=24) and a stable surface group(n=24). Then, they were asked to carry out the same exercise program three times a week for six weeks. The unstable surface group and stable surface group performed the exercise program on the balance exercise pad and on the hard ground, respectively. As a result, the unstable surface group displayed significantly reduced error of ankle joint position sense and sway area(p<.05). Moreover, a significant correlation between variances of ankle joint position sense and sway area was only found in the unstable surface group. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that there was a significant correlation between changes of ankle joint position sense and sway area through proprioceptive sense training on the unstable surface.